CN113317236A - Method for purifying mycoplasma by high-temperature treatment of hatching eggs - Google Patents
Method for purifying mycoplasma by high-temperature treatment of hatching eggs Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K41/00—Incubators for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K41/00—Incubators for poultry
- A01K41/02—Heating arrangements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/0005—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts
- A61L2/0011—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts using physical methods
- A61L2/0023—Heat
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a method for purifying mycoplasma by high-temperature treatment of hatching eggs, which comprises the steps of placing hatching eggs at a temperature higher than the normal hatching temperature before hatching; and adjusting the hatching temperature of the hatching eggs to normal temperature for hatching. Wherein the temperature higher than the normal hatching temperature is 42-46 ℃, and the standing time is 2-12 hours. According to the method for high-temperature incubation and purification of mycoplasma, the survival rate of mycoplasma pathogens is reduced by reasonably setting the high-temperature treatment temperature and time, the mycoplasma purification of provenance chicken flocks is ensured, and the hatching rate of the chicken flocks is not affected; the mycoplasma-positive hatching eggs treated by the method can kill mycoplasma, improve the laying rate and the weight of hatched breeding hens or laying hens and broilers, and reduce the death and culling rate.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of infectious diseases of poultry, in particular to a method for purifying mycoplasma by high-temperature treatment of hatching eggs.
Background
Avian mycoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by avian mycoplasma, including avian infectious mycoplasma synoviae, avian septicemia mycoplasma, and turkey mycoplasma. In the chicken flock, mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma septicum predominate. Mycoplasma is a microorganism that is intermediate between bacteria and viruses. Avian mycoplasma occurs worldwide. After the chicken group is infected with mycoplasma, respiratory diseases, egg laying reduction, hatching index reduction and other symptoms can be caused, and great loss is caused to the breeding industry. Mycoplasma can propagate both horizontally and vertically. Strict biological safety can inhibit horizontal transmission, but vertical transmission requires purification of mycoplasma from the source.
The systematic purification of mycoplasma from chicken flocks has been carried out since a long time by some foreign chicken companies, which have controlled the infection rate of mycoplasma to a very low level. However, the purification work of mycoplasma is less developed in China, and an effective purification method of mycoplasma is not established yet.
The traditional domestic method for controlling mycoplasma is to use antibiotics, but the antibiotics are often damaged to a certain degree and have uncertain prevention and treatment effects, the variety and the number of the antibiotics are increased due to the gradual increase of drug resistance every year, the prevention cost is increased, and the requirements of current non-resistant cultivation and safe cultivation are contradictory.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the application provides a method for purifying mycoplasma before hatching according to the characteristic that the mycoplasma is sensitive to heat. Mycoplasma is killed by adopting a mode of high-temperature treatment on hatching eggs, so that purification is realized. It is believed that the higher the treatment temperature, the more thorough the mycoplasma killing will be achieved with longer treatment times, but the greater the effect on hatching. Surprisingly, the inventor obtains a mycoplasma purification method which can kill mycoplasma and ensure the hatching rate. That is, the main object of the present invention is to provide a method for purifying mycoplasma by high-temperature treatment of hatching eggs, comprising the steps of:
1) placing the hatching eggs at a temperature higher than normal hatching before hatching;
2) and adjusting the hatching temperature of the hatching eggs to normal temperature for hatching.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the hatching egg is an avian hatching egg.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the avian hatching egg comprises a chicken hatching egg.
According to other embodiments of the invention, the hatching eggs comprise SPF-grade hatching eggs.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the Mycoplasma comprises Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mycoplasma gallisepticum) and/or Mycoplasma synoviae (Mycoplasma synoviae).
According to some embodiments of the invention, said pre-hatching egg comprises 42 ℃ to 46 ℃ at a temperature above normal hatching.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the holding time comprises 2 hours to 12 hours.
According to some embodiments of the invention, said placing at a temperature higher than normal incubation comprises a treatment at 42 ℃ to 46 ℃ for 2 to 12 hours.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the normal hatching temperature comprises 38 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the time of normal hatching comprises about 21 days.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for managing mycoplasma in a breeding farm, which comprises performing a high temperature treatment before hatching egg hatching and performing normal hatching and feeding after the high temperature treatment.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the Mycoplasma desired to be managed, controlled comprises Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mycoplasma gallisepticum) and/or Mycoplasma synoviae (Mycoplasma synoviae).
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method does not require the use of antibiotics.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following effects:
1) according to the method for purifying mycoplasma through high-temperature incubation, the survival rate of mycoplasma pathogens is reduced by reasonably setting the high-temperature treatment temperature and time, the mycoplasma purification of provenance chicken flocks is ensured, and the hatching rate of the chicken flocks is not affected;
2) the mycoplasma-positive hatching eggs are treated by the method disclosed by the invention, so that mycoplasma can be killed, the laying rate and the weight of hatched breeding hens or laying hens and broilers can be improved, and the death and culling rate is reduced;
3) the mycoplasma purifying method avoids the negative influence of the medicament on the chicken body and the epidemic prevention cost; directly killing mycoplasma through heat treatment, blocking vertical propagation, ensuring seed source purity, avoiding loss caused by mycoplasma to production performances such as egg laying, death and elimination, and avoiding loss caused by diseases such as respiratory tract diseases and arthritis caused by mycoplasma.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In general, avian mycoplasma infections can cause serious economic losses in the poultry industry. Of these, two types of Mycoplasma are the most common and most important, Mycoplasma Gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma Synoviae (MS), respectively. Chickens and turkeys are the natural host for MS, and adult chickens are often recessive infected. The bursal mycoplasmosis is susceptible to chickens of all days of age, acute infection is common to chickens of 4-6 weeks of age or 10-24 weeks of age, and chronic infection can be seen at any age. Mycoplasma infection can cause chronic respiratory diseases characterized by cough, rhinorrhea, respiratory rale, mouth-opening breathing, etc., with clinical symptoms of the respiratory tract as the main symptoms. The disease is slow in onset and long in course, and most adult chickens are recessive infected and can exist and spread in chicken flocks for a long time. All seasons can happen, the climate is changeable and the climate is easy to happen in cold seasons. The disease is mainly propagated by contacting with feed, air, feather, drinking water and the like polluted by secretion of bacteria-carrying chickens, and can also be vertically propagated by bacteria-carrying hatching eggs. The inoculation of 18-day-old chick embryos via yolk sacs can cause synovitis and cystitis in chicks. Horizontal transmission can easily occur when chickens are directly contacted, MS can be transmitted through respiratory tract, and the infection rate can reach 100 percent generally. Vertical transmission can occur in infected chickens.
In practice, the drugs commonly used in chicken farms for the treatment of mycoplasmosis are mainly macrolides (tylosin, tilmicosin), pleuromutilins (valnemulin hydrochloride, tiamulin), tetracyclines (doxycycline hydrochloride, oxytetracycline, doxycycline) and fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin), and combinations of lincomycin and spectinomycin which have been used in recent years for the prevention and treatment of MS. A large amount of antibiotics are used in chicken farms for years to cause most Mycoplasma disease strains to generate serious drug resistance, and in-vitro drug sensitivity experiment results show that common Mycoplasma synoviae (Mycoplasma synoviae) pathogens are sensitive to antibiotics for preventing and treating Mycoplasma at present and show a trend of rising drug resistance to part of antibiotics, and almost all antibiotics used throughout the year generate serious drug resistance to enrofloxacin.
In one embodiment of the invention, normal hatching is provided by subjecting the hatching eggs to a temperature higher than normal hatching prior to hatching. The method provides a mycoplasma purifying method which can kill mycoplasma and ensure the hatching rate.
In one embodiment of the invention, the hatching egg is a poultry hatching egg; preferably, the hatching eggs comprise SPF hatching eggs. In the present invention, the avian includes a chicken or a turkey. Preferably, the chicken comprises laying hens or broilers; more preferably, said laying hens comprise Jing series chickens, WOD series, white leghorn chickens, Luo island red chickens, New Hanxia chickens, Australian black chickens, rock chickens, Langshan chickens, jack chickens, silky black-bone chickens; more preferably, the broiler chickens include white feather broiler chickens, yellow feather broiler chickens, camellia chickens, white feather broiler chickens, fast-onset chickens and red feather broiler chickens.
In the present invention, the term "decontamination" refers to the control or substantial control of the spread and infection of mycoplasma pathogens by physical or chemical, biological methods; according to one embodiment of the invention, the Mycoplasma pathogens to be decontaminated include Mycoplasma Gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma Synoviae (MS) as described above; preferably, the mycoplasma comprises mycoplasma synoviae; more preferably, the M.synoviae (MS) comprises subtypes and subgroups A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, and combinations thereof determined based on sequence analysis of a single copy conserved region at the 5' end of the MS variable lipoprotein and hemagglutinin A (vlhA) gene.
In the present invention, the term "high temperature" or "higher than the normal incubation temperature" means 1 ℃, 2 ℃, 3 ℃, 4 ℃, 5 ℃, 6 ℃, 7 ℃, 8 ℃, 9 ℃ and 10 ℃ higher than the normal incubation temperature; preferably, said above normal incubation temperature comprises 42 ℃ to 46 ℃; more preferably, said above normal incubation temperature comprises 42 ℃ to 45 ℃; more preferably, said temperature above normal incubation comprises 42 ℃ to 44 ℃. According to one embodiment of the invention said temperature above normal hatching comprises 42 ℃ to 43 ℃.
In the present invention, the phrase "placing the hatching eggs in … …" includes placing the hatching eggs desired to be purified in a hatching place or equipment such as a hatching box or an incubator, which can control the temperature; the "placing" according to an embodiment of the present invention includes placing the hatching eggs in the incubator first and then raising the temperature, or placing the hatching eggs in the incubator and then adjusting the temperature to the above-mentioned decontamination temperature; according to one embodiment of the invention, the rate of temperature adjustment comprises a slow adjustment, e.g. a 1 ℃ rise per hour, or a fast adjustment comprises an adjustment of the temperature to the desired temperature in 1 minute or less.
According to one embodiment of the invention, said time of resting at a temperature higher than normal hatching comprises 2 hours to 12 hours. According to one embodiment of the invention, said time of resting at a temperature higher than normal hatching comprises 2 hours to 10 hours. According to one embodiment of the invention, said time of resting at a temperature higher than normal hatching comprises 2 hours to 8 hours. According to one embodiment of the invention, said time of resting at a temperature higher than normal hatching comprises 2 hours to 6 hours. According to one embodiment of the invention, said time of resting at a temperature higher than normal hatching comprises 2 hours to 5 hours. According to one embodiment of the invention, said time of resting at a temperature higher than normal hatching comprises 2 hours to 4 hours. According to one embodiment of the invention, said time of resting at a temperature higher than normal hatching comprises 2 hours to 3 hours.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the hatching temperature of the hatching eggs is adjusted to normal temperature for hatching after the high-temperature treatment or the hatching eggs are transferred to a place or an instrument at normal temperature for hatching. Wherein the "normal temperature" or "normal hatching temperature" includes a temperature at which the embryo of the avian normally develops; preferably, the "normal temperature" or "normal hatching temperature" comprises about 38 ℃; preferably, said normal temperature comprises 37.1 ℃, 37.2 ℃, 37.3 ℃, 37.4 ℃, 37.5 ℃, 37.6 ℃, 37.7 ℃, 37.8 ℃, 37.9 ℃, 38.0 ℃ and according to some embodiments of the invention, said time of normal incubation comprises about 21 days, preferably said time of normal incubation comprises 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, 21 days, 22 days.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the high temperature treatment comprises the steps of: before hatching eggs, the incubator is heated to the target temperature of high-temperature treatment, and then the hatching eggs are put into the incubator to be subjected to high-temperature treatment for different time. And (4) after the high-temperature treatment is finished, adjusting the temperature of the incubator to a normal temperature, adjusting the temperature of the incubator to a normal incubation temperature, and carrying out conventional incubation. The condition of placing at the temperature higher than the normal hatching temperature comprises placing for 2 to 12 hours at the temperature of between 42 and 46 ℃.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the examples, while indicating specific embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only. In addition, it is contemplated that changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
Description of illustrative embodiments
[ example 1 ]
SPF (specific pathogen free) hatching eggs are selected as the hatching eggs, the variety is white sailing, and the number of the sample eggs is 200 per group.
The incubator is a small and medium computer type III incubator in Haiziang, and is used for incubating and hatching integrally, and the temperature of the incubator is set according to the experimental treatment temperature of each group.
The mycoplasma can be killed by artificially inoculating pathogens and incubating at normal temperature after high-temperature treatment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) SPF grade hatching eggs are selected and artificially infected with mycoplasma by yolk inoculation. Before formal hatching, hatching eggs are put into hatchers with different temperatures (42-46 ℃) and are incubated for different time (2-12h) for high-temperature treatment. And (3) after the high-temperature treatment is finished, adjusting the incubator to a normal incubation temperature, carrying out conventional incubation, carrying out mycoplasma pathogen separation on the 18 th day of incubation, and evaluating the mycoplasma killing conditions of different high-temperature treatments according to separation results.
2) And (3) selecting the same hatching mode in the step 1, and recording the hatching rate when the eggs are hatched for 21 days.
3) Testing the result in the step 2), selecting the high-temperature incubation temperature of 42-46 ℃ and the high-temperature treatment time of 2-12h, and measuring the incubation rate.
4) Mycoplasma virus isolation rates were determined in palatal crack swabs from 1, 21, 42, 63 and 87 day old chicken flocks according to step 3.
Before hatching eggs, the incubator is heated to the target temperature of high-temperature treatment, and then the hatching eggs are put into the incubator for high-temperature treatment. And (4) after the high-temperature treatment is finished, adjusting the temperature of the incubator to 38 ℃ of normal temperature, adjusting the temperature of the incubator to normal incubation temperature, and carrying out conventional incubation.
To verify that treatment temperature and time were sufficient to kill mycoplasma, chick embryos were artificially infected prior to heat treatment and incubation. Mycoplasma pathogen isolation was performed at day 18 of incubation, and mycoplasma killing by different hyperthermic treatments was evaluated based on the isolation results.
The specific incubation conditions and killing effect are as follows:
TABLE 1 different high temperature treatment and Mycoplasma killing Effect
As can be seen from the above, the killing rate of the mycoplasma in the embryo eggs which are not treated by high temperature is 13 to 16 percent; the killing rate of mycoplasma in embryonated eggs after being treated for 2 to 12 hours at the high temperature of between 42 and 46 ℃ is between 54 and 100 percent and is obviously higher than that of untreated hatching eggs.
[ example 2 ]
The experimental conditions were the same as in the examples, except that the hatchability of each group was recorded at the time of hatching on days 21-22 of normal hatching. The specific results are as follows:
TABLE 2 different hyperthermia treatments vs. incubation
The test results of the combination of the example 1 and the example 2 show that the mycoplasma can be killed by more than 54 percent and the hatchability can be maintained by more than 70 percent when the mycoplasma is treated for 2 to 12 hours at the high temperature of between 42 and 46 ℃.
[ example 3 ]
Example 3-1, example 3-2 in order to select naturally infected mycoplasma synoviae positive hatching eggs, 12000 known mycoplasma synoviae positive hatching eggs were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, wherein 10000 mycoplasma synoviae positive hatching eggs in the high temperature group were subjected to different high temperature treatments, namely treatment of T1 group; 2000, normally hatching to treat T2 group; 2000 eggs negative to known Mycoplasma synoviae were selected as control group C. And after hatching, 600 chicks in good state are selected for feeding and tracking, maxillary fissure swabs are randomly collected at different ages of days respectively, mycoplasma pathogen separation is carried out, and the purifying effect of mycoplasma is evaluated according to the pathogen condition of mycoplasma and the production index of chicken flocks. Control C corresponds to the comparative example, and the two treatment groups correspond to example 3-1 and example 3-2.
Example 3-1 group T1
Mycoplasma synoviae positive hatching eggs (group T1) were treated at a high temperature of 42-46 ℃ for 2-12 hours. The specific treatment and incubation conditions were as follows:
TABLE 3
Examples 3 to 2(T2 group)
A positive seed egg of Mycoplasma synoviae is incubated at 38 ℃ without high temperature treatment.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE (group C)
And (3) hatching eggs negative to mycoplasma synoviae, and incubating at 38 ℃.
Different groups are set in the experiment, the hatching temperature and time of each group of hatching eggs are different, and 300 chicks in good state are selected for feeding and tracking after hatching.
The incubation conditions for the different hyperthermic treatments are shown in Table 4
Under normal hatching conditions, the hatching rate of mycoplasma positive breeding eggs is lower than 16% of that of mycoplasma negative breeding eggs, and the hatching rate can be improved by 4% -11% after the mycoplasma positive breeding eggs are subjected to high-temperature treatment.
TABLE 4 incubation conditions for different hyperthermic treatments
The pathogen segregation for the different hyperthermic treatments is shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 different high temperature treatment pathogen isolation conditions
Note: MS indicates the palatoglossis swab synovial capsule mycoplasma pathogen isolation result; MG indicates the separation of mycoplasma gallisepticum pathogen.
Under normal incubation, the positive rate of the mycoplasma positive hatching egg mycoplasma pathogen is 17.6 percent before 87 days old of the synovial capsule mycoplasma pathogen; the positive rate of mycoplasma gallisepticum pathogens is 1.2%; the pathogens of mycoplasma synoviae and mycoplasma gallisepticum which are hatched by negative hatching eggs are 0 percent; and mycoplasma positive hatching eggs, the mycoplasma pathogens of the hatching eggs treated by different high temperatures are all negative before 87 days old.
The production performance of the hatching egg-hatched chicks after different high-temperature treatments is shown in Table 6
TABLE 6 different high temperature treatment Performance conditions
By raising the hatching chicks of different high-temperature treatment groups and tracking the production performance at 19-28 weeks, it can be seen from table 6 that the chicks normally hatching the mycoplasma positive hatching eggs are delayed for 19 days in the day of birth than the chicks hatching the mycoplasma negative hatching eggs, the laying rate is 17% lower, the weight is 215g lower, and the mortality is 2.4% higher.
And compared with the normal hatching chicks, the chicks hatched by the mycoplasma positive hatching eggs through high-temperature treatment have the advantages that the production performance is tracked (see table 6), the initial growth day age is 16-21 days earlier, the laying rate is 15-20 percent, the weight is 202-312g, and the death and culling rate is 2.5-3 percent.
From the tracking result (see table 6), compared with the chicks normally hatched with mycoplasma negative hatching eggs, the chicks hatched with mycoplasma positive hatching eggs after high-temperature treatment have basically the same production indexes, and the individual groups are superior to the normal hatching chicken groups of the negative hatching eggs.
As can be seen from tables 1 to 6, the mycoplasma positive hatching eggs are treated at the high temperature of 42-46 ℃ for 2-12 hours, so that not only can mycoplasma be killed, but also the laying rate and the weight can be improved, and the death and culling rate can be reduced.
All reagents or instruments according to the invention are conventional reagents or commercially available. The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for purifying mycoplasma by high-temperature treatment of eggs comprises the following steps:
1) placing the hatching eggs at a temperature higher than the normal hatching temperature before hatching;
2) and adjusting the hatching temperature of the hatching eggs to normal temperature for hatching.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hatching egg comprises an avian hatching egg; and/or the avian hatching egg comprises a chicken hatching egg; preferably, the hatching eggs comprise SPF-grade hatching eggs.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the Mycoplasma comprises Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mycoplasma gallisepticum) and/or Mycoplasma synoviae (Mycoplasma synoviae).
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature above normal incubation comprises 42 ℃ to 46 ℃.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the period of time above normal incubation temperature comprises from 2 to 12 hours.
6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein said placing at a temperature higher than normal incubation comprises treatment at 42 ℃ to 46 ℃ for 2 to 12 hours.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein said normal hatching temperature comprises about 38 ℃ and the time of normal hatching comprises about 21 days.
8. A method for managing mycoplasma in a chicken farm, comprising the method for treating hatching eggs according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the Mycoplasma comprises Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mycoplasma gallisepticum) and/or Mycoplasma synoviae (Mycoplasma synoviae).
10. The method of claim 8, wherein said method does not require the use of antibiotics.
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| CN111328767A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-06-26 | 贵州凤集生态农业科技有限公司 | Egg chicken salmonella truncation method |
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