CN111316937A - 一种提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的方法 - Google Patents
一种提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的的方法，具体为：通过对野生亲本性腺发育规律跟踪采样，并研究不同催产剂量对不同规格似刺鳊鮈亲本的催产效果，确定用于人工繁育雌性亲本的最适合规格。通过对野生亲本的食性分析，确定其繁殖季节最适营养需求并配制优化专用饲料，对人工繁育前似刺鳊鮈亲本营养强化。通过比较野生亲本和人工营养强化亲本的人工繁殖性能，验证最佳亲本培育方式。结果：选择大规格亲本用于人工繁育(150‑180g)，时间为4‑5月，人工繁育前对雌性亲本进行营养强化，营养强化时间不低于4周，所用饲料中添加维生素E，添加量为200mg/kg。优点为：显著提高其生殖性能、人工繁殖的受精率和孵化率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域，具体地说，是一种提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的的方法。
背景技术
似刺鳊鮈(Paracanthobrama guichenoti Bleeker)，隶属鲤形目、鲤科、鮈亚科、似刺鳊属，俗称石鲫，主要分布在中国长江中、下游干流及湖泊。似刺鳊鮈虽然体型较小，但其肉质细嫩、味道鲜美，在长江下游附属湖泊如巢湖、太湖、淀山湖等都有种群分布，具有一定经济价值。随着水环境污染和人为滥捕，似刺鳊鮈的生存空间受到严重威胁，水域中似刺鳊群体数量急剧减少。因此，为了保护似刺鳊鮈的种群延续及满足进一步开发开发此优良的经济品种的迫切需求，2011年起，上海市水产研究所开始对野生似刺鳊鮈进行驯养并完成了其人工繁殖。然而由于似刺鳊鮈属于中小型鱼类，往往采用的是多次产卵或者连续产卵的繁殖策略，在整个繁殖季节，其卵巢中同时存在处于各个时相的卵母细胞，分步成熟，连续补充，周年产卵数多次，产卵间隔小，在整个繁殖季节里同时存在着性腺发育处于不同时期的亲本，性腺发育不同步，特别是同批次平均性腺指数偏低，导致雌性亲本催产效果不佳，产卵率低，后续孵化率得不到保障，极度不利于人工繁育的开展。
基于以上缺陷，本发明通过改善雌性似刺鳊鮈性腺发育条件，提高后续育苗成功率。包括：通过对野生亲本性腺发育规律进行跟踪采样，并研究不同催产剂量对不同规格似刺鳊鮈亲本的催产效果，确定用于人工繁育雌性亲本的最适合规格。通过对野生亲本的食性分析，确定其繁殖季节最适营养需求并配制优化专用饲料，对人工繁育前似刺鳊鮈亲本进行营养强化。通过比较野生亲本和人工营养强化亲本的人工繁殖性能，验证最佳亲本培育方式。关于本发明一种提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的的方法目前还未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的的方法。
本发明的第二个目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种似刺鳊鮈的人工繁殖方法。
本发明的第三个目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的营养强化物质。
本发明的第四个目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供如上所述营养强化物质的用途。
本发明的第五个目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供如上所述提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的的方法的用途。
为实现上述第一个目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：
一种提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的的方法，所述方法包括：营养强化培育和促熟催产；
所述营养强化培育条件为：选取规格为150-180g的似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本，用表1中的饲料和维生素E进行营养强化培育，其中维生素E添加量为190-210mg/kg，营养强化培育时间为4-6周；
表1
所述促熟催产条件为：催产剂：促黄体素释放素与地欧酮联用，对成熟亲本进行一次性胸腔注射，雌性亲本注射药物及剂量为：地欧酮4-6μg/kg+促黄体素释放素(LHRH-A2)6-8μg/kg，似刺鳊鮈雄性亲本注射量减半；促熟催产时间段为：5-6月。
优选地，所述的维生素E添加量为200mg/kg；所述促熟催产条件为：催产剂：促黄体素释放素与地欧酮联用，对成熟亲本进行一次性胸腔注射，雌性亲本注射药物及剂量为：地欧酮5μg/kg+促黄体素释放素(LHRH-A2)7μg/kg，似刺鳊鮈雄性亲本注射量减半；促熟催产时间段为：5-6月。
为实现上述第二个目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：
一种似刺鳊鮈的人工繁殖方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
(1)驯养：包括消毒和人工养殖；
(2)强化培育：经过驯养后，挑选体重为150-180g的似刺鳊鮈作为雌性亲本集中进行强化培育，强化培育包括：微流水刺激和营养强化；其中营养强化条件为：用表1中的饲料和维生素E进行营养强化培育，其中维生素E添加量为190-210mg/kg，营养强化培育时间为4-6周；
(3)促熟催产：用催产剂以促进似刺鳊鮈亲本性腺发育，其中，催产剂为：促黄体素释放素与地欧酮联用，对成熟亲本进行一次性胸腔注射，雌性亲本注射药物及剂量为：地欧酮4-6μg/kg+促黄体素释放素(LHRH-A2)6-8μg/kg，似刺鳊鮈雄性亲本注射量减半；催产后放入圆形塑料桶中用微流水刺激，经过十小时的效应时间后，将亲鱼捕起，此时用手轻捏雌鱼腹部便有黄色卵粒流出，将收集到的卵子收集于消毒的白瓷盆内，对所取的卵子进行称重，并计算平均卵重，与此同时，获取精巢，将精巢用筛绢包住，用少量的稀释液进行碾碎稀释后，倒入盛有卵子的容器中，随后用羽毛轻轻搅拌促使卵子受精，形成受精卵；
所述促熟催产时间段为：5-6月；
(4)受精卵孵化：将受精卵放入到圆柱形孵化器中，用微流水法和充气法进行孵化。
优选地，步骤(2)中维生素E添加量为200mg/kg；步骤(3)中雌性亲本注射药物及剂量为：地欧酮5μg/kg+促黄体素释放素(LHRH-A2)7μg/kg，似刺鳊鮈雄性亲本注射量减半。
为实现上述第三个目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：
一种提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的营养强化物质，所述的营养强化物质是由表1中的的饲料和维生素E组成；所述的维生素E的添加量为200mg/kg。
为实现上述第四个目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：
如上所述的营养强化物质在制备提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的药物中的应用。
为实现上述第五个目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：
提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的的方法在人工繁殖似刺鳊鮈中的应用。
本发明优点在于：
本发明克服了现有技术中的缺陷：在整个繁殖季节，其卵巢中同时存在处于各个时相的卵母细胞，分步成熟，连续补充，周年产卵数多次，产卵间隔小，在整个繁殖季节里同时存在着性腺发育处于不同时期的亲本，性腺发育不同步，特别是同批次平均性腺指数偏低，导致雌性亲本催产效果不佳，产卵率低，后续孵化率得不到保障，通过改善雌性似刺鳊鮈性腺发育条件，包括选择最佳催产剂种类及剂量、似刺鳊鮈亲本最适合规格、营养强化物质及重量份、最佳催产时间段，有效提高了似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率，同时卵巢中蛋白质和脂肪积累效果好，受精率、孵化率均大幅提高。
本发明具有重大的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。
附图说明
附图1是似刺鳊鮈雌性成熟亲本规格分布情况。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明记载的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1生殖高峰期实验
通过对雌性似刺鳊鮈进行连续跟踪采样，并解剖统计卵巢指数，可发现似刺鳊鮈产卵模式为连续产卵，产卵周期较长(见表2)，直到7月依然能发现卵巢成熟的个体，即卵巢连续发育，卵巢中同时存在处于各个时相的卵母细胞，分步成熟，连续补充，可推断其周年产卵次数较多，产卵间隔小。
表2、似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育季节变动
尽管如此，通过统计学分析可知，大规格个体的产卵期明显要长于小型个体，虽然体重76g左右的雌性个体卵巢即能发育(本实验中最小性成熟个体为76.35g)，但是60-80g规格的亲本怀卵量低并且繁殖期短。由图1可知，大规格雌性的繁殖可持续到八月，但生殖高峰依然出现在5-6月份，9月后似刺鳊鮈的性腺开始退化，没有观察到性成熟个体。
实施例2营养强化实验
解剖4-5月淀山湖水域采样的似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本样本42尾，对其进行食性分析，其中肠道内有食物的为37尾。肠道内的食物种类包括藻类、植物及种子、枝角类、甲壳类、贝类、双翅目昆虫成虫、膜翅目昆虫、鞘翅目昆虫环节动物门寡毛纲、鱼卵、小鱼残骸等，另外部分个体肠道内还有砂粒存在。食谱中双翅目昆虫(主要是蚊、蝇的成虫及幼虫)、草本植物、藻类三大类群的出现率最高；其次是环节动物门寡毛纲、膜翅目昆虫(蚂蚁、蜂类)、甲壳类。出现率低于以上类群者依次为枝角类、小鱼、鞘翅目昆虫、贝类、鱼卵。由此可见，似刺鳊鮈为底栖杂食性鱼类，动物性饵料在夏季出现最多，根据此结果，配置似刺鳊鮈育肥专用配合饲料用于人工繁育前营养强化，具体饲料配方见表1。
表1、似刺鳊鮈育肥专用配合饲料基础配方
根据基础饲料配方，分别添加0、50、100、200、300mg/kg饲料，共配置5种等氮等能的配合饲料，将四月份采集的野生似刺鳊鮈(规格150-180g)随机分为5组，记作A0-A4，用此饲料喂养4周，比较各组间生化组成和性腺发育差异，具体结果见表3，结果表明，基础饲料中添加200mg/kg维生素E能有效提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率，其卵巢指数最高，达8.34±2.07，同时卵巢中蛋白质和脂肪积累效果较好。
表3、饲料中添加不同浓度维生素E对似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育的影响
实施例3效果实验
1实验方法
将实施例2中A3配方营养强化后的似刺鳊鮈亲本与野生亲本进行人工繁殖比较，其中催产条件为：催产剂：促黄体素释放素与地欧酮联用，对成熟亲鱼进行一次性胸腔注射，雌鱼注射药物及剂量为：地欧酮5μg/kg+促黄体素释放素(LHRH-A2)7μg/kg，雄鱼注射量减半。催产后放入圆形塑料大桶中(直径为2m，水深为70cm)，用微流水刺激，并观察雌雄鱼的发情情况。
经过十小时的效应时间后，将亲鱼捕起，此时用手轻捏雌鱼腹部便有黄色卵粒流出，将收集到的卵子收集于消毒的白瓷盆内，对所取的卵进行称重，并计算平均卵重，与此同时，用杀雄取精法获取精巢。将精巢用筛绢包住，用少量的稀释液进行碾碎稀释后，倒入盛有卵子的容器中，随后用羽毛轻轻搅拌促使卵子受精。然后将受精卵放入到圆柱形孵化器中，用微流水法和充气法进行孵化。
2实验结果见表4。
表4、似刺鳊鮈人工营养强化亲本与野生亲本繁殖孵化率
结果表明，使用添加一定含量维生素E的饲料对似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本进行营养强化，能显著提高其生殖性能，相比未经营养强化的野生亲本，其人工繁殖的受精率和孵化率均大幅提高。
3结论
人工养殖提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率最佳条件：选择大规格亲本用于人工繁育(150g以上)，时间为4-5月，人工繁育前对雌性亲本进行营养强化，营养强化时间不低于4周，所用饲料中添加维生素E，添加量为200mg/kg。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和补充，这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：营养强化培育和促熟催产；
所述营养强化培育条件为：选取规格为150-180g的似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本，用表1中的饲料和维生素E进行营养强化培育，其中维生素E添加量为190-210mg/kg，营养强化培育时间为4-6周；
表1
所述促熟催产条件为：催产剂：促黄体素释放素与地欧酮联用，对成熟亲本进行一次性胸腔注射，雌性亲本注射药物及剂量为：地欧酮4-6μg/kg+促黄体素释放素(LHRH-A2)6-8μg/kg，似刺鳊鮈雄性亲本注射量减半；促熟催产时间段为：5-6月。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的维生素E添加量为200mg/kg；所述促熟催产条件为：催产剂：促黄体素释放素与地欧酮联用，对成熟亲本进行一次性胸腔注射，雌性亲本注射药物及剂量为：地欧酮5μg/kg+促黄体素释放素(LHRH-A2)7μg/kg，似刺鳊鮈雄性亲本注射量减半；促熟催产时间段为：5-6月。
3.一种似刺鳊鮈的人工繁殖方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：
(1)驯养：包括消毒和人工养殖；
(2)强化培育：经过驯养后，挑选体重为150-180g的似刺鳊鮈作为雌性亲本集中进行强化培育，强化培育包括：微流水刺激和营养强化；其中营养强化条件为：用表1中的饲料和维生素E进行营养强化培育，其中维生素E添加量为190-210mg/kg，营养强化培育时间为4-6周；
表1
(3)促熟催产：用催产剂以促进似刺鳊鮈亲本性腺发育，其中，催产剂为：促黄体素释放素与地欧酮联用，对成熟亲本进行一次性胸腔注射，雌性亲本注射药物及剂量为：地欧酮4-6μg/kg+促黄体素释放素(LHRH-A2)6-8μg/kg，似刺鳊鮈雄性亲本注射量减半；催产后放入圆形塑料桶中用微流水刺激，经过十小时的效应时间后，将亲鱼捕起，然后用手轻捏雌鱼腹部便有黄色卵粒流出，将收集到的卵子收集于消毒的白瓷盆内，对所取的卵子进行称重，并计算平均卵重，与此同时，获取精巢，将精巢用筛绢包住，用少量的稀释液进行碾碎稀释后，倒入盛有卵子的容器中，随后用羽毛轻轻搅拌促使卵子受精，形成受精卵；
所述促熟催产时间段为：5-6月；
(4)受精卵孵化：将受精卵放入到圆柱形孵化器中，用微流水法和充气法进行孵化。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中维生素E添加量为200mg/kg；步骤(3)中雌性亲本注射药物及剂量为：地欧酮5μg/kg+促黄体素释放素(LHRH-A2)7μg/kg，似刺鳊鮈雄性亲本注射量减半。
5.一种提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的营养强化物质，其特征在于，所述的营养强化物质是由表1中的的饲料和维生素E组成，
表1
所述的维生素E的添加量为200mg/kg。
6.权利要求5所述的营养强化物质在制备提高似刺鳊鮈雌性亲本性腺发育效率的药物中的应用。
7.权利要求1所述的方法在人工繁殖似刺鳊鮈中的应用。
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