CN107711621B - 一种金钱鱼的繁育方法 - Google Patents
一种金钱鱼的繁育方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107711621B CN107711621B CN201711085892.XA CN201711085892A CN107711621B CN 107711621 B CN107711621 B CN 107711621B CN 201711085892 A CN201711085892 A CN 201711085892A CN 107711621 B CN107711621 B CN 107711621B
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- scatophagus argus
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Abstract
本发明属于水产养殖领域,具体涉及一种金钱鱼的繁育方法。本发明选择池塘中养殖的金钱鱼作为亲鱼,经过亲鱼常规培育、强化培育、人工催产、人工孵化和苗种培育五个环节,催产率可达100%,受精率达90%以上,受精卵孵化率为93%,本发明成功建立了金钱鱼全人工繁育技术,可用于金钱鱼的大规模生产养殖。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖领域,具体涉及一种金钱鱼的繁育方法。
背景技术
金钱鱼(Scatophagus argus Linnaeus1766)俗称金鼓鱼,体形优美、色彩斑斓,性情温顺,肉质鲜美,是一种具有观赏和食用价值的名贵海水经济鱼类。金钱鱼环境适应性和抗病抗逆性极强,不仅能在海水和咸淡水中生长发育,而且也适宜淡水中养殖,成为近年来我国南方沿海池塘和网箱养殖的重要种类,经济价值极高。由于沿海各类工程建设加剧,环境污染及酷渔滥捕等,严重影响渔业水域环境质量和水产资源的再生,金钱鱼种质资源逐年锐减,妨碍了养殖业健康持续发展。开展金钱鱼的人工繁育技术的研究与开发,不仅有利于自然资源的保护和永续利用,也是解决当前养殖生产种苗匮乏最快捷有效的措施。
中国专利(CN102742530)本发明公开了一种金钱鱼人工诱导自然产卵和受精的方法。其包括以下步骤:
(1)在金钱鱼繁殖期前2个月,遴选体质健康的亲鱼,在近岸港湾海区浮筏式网箱遮荫下进行营养强化培养,养殖海区海水流速5-20cm.s-1,喂以配合饲料和优质海藻,配合饲料和优质海藻的日投喂总量为亲鱼总质量的2-4%;(2)金钱鱼人工诱导自然产卵和受精:步骤(1)中的经过营养改良和强化培育的金钱鱼亲鱼,于生殖期的5~8月份,选取体质健康、腹部略膨胀的满2龄以上的亲鱼,卵母细胞饱满、卵黄颗粒细小均匀致密,卵径425μm~500μm、体重400g以上、性腺发育至Ⅳ期以上的雌鱼和轻挤腹部有乳白色精液流畅、体重200g以上的成熟雄鱼;在雌鱼胸鳍基部注射激素,激素为a类或b类当中的一种,其种类和剂量为:a类激素:促黄体生成激素释放激素类似物10~20.0μg/Kg BW(体重),绒毛膜促性腺激素500~1500IU/Kg BW(体重),马来酸地欧酮2~5mg/Kg BW(体重),注射方法为将促黄体生成激素释放激素类似物、绒毛膜促性腺激素和马来酸地欧酮按照上述剂量混合悬浮于动物生理盐水中,进行注射;b类激素、复方鲑鱼促性腺激素释放激素类似物10~15μg/Kg BW(体重),复方鲑鱼促性腺激素释放激素类似物按照其剂量也悬浮于动物生理盐水中,一次性注射;在雄鱼的胸鳍基部注射a类激素,其激素种类与雌鱼相同,剂量为雌鱼的0~1/6,注射方法与雌鱼相同,雌鱼和雄鱼的生殖环境为:海区的网箱中或繁殖水池,其水温为25℃~29℃,盐度为22‰~28‰,注射后的效应期内每天向繁殖区域内水面喷水,而后雄鱼排精,雌鱼产卵受精。此方法还未实现金钱鱼的全人工繁殖,并且金钱鱼受精率及成活率仍需进一步提高。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种金钱鱼的繁育方法,本发明选择池塘中养殖的金钱鱼作为亲鱼,经过亲鱼常规培育、强化培育、人工催产、人工孵化和苗种培育五个环节,催产率可达98%以上,受精率达90%以上,受精卵孵化率为93%,本发明成功建立了金钱鱼全人工繁育技术,可用于金钱鱼的大规模生产养殖。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种金钱鱼的繁育方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.亲鱼常规培育:亲鱼是野生苗种经过人工培育而成,幼鱼时喂养A饲料,12个月之后喂养B饲料,每日两次,喂食量按池塘中鱼体重的3-5‰进行投喂;
S2.亲鱼强化培育:挑选步骤S1中发育优良的雌性亲鱼和体表无伤痕、反应敏捷的雄鱼分池放入4×4×1.5米的恒温控制车间的水池中进行强化培育;水温29℃,盐度为26-28‰,保持水中的溶氧量在5mg/L以上;每天三次投喂饲料C;
S3.雌鱼人工催产:步骤S2中经过强化培育的金钱鱼亲鱼,于生殖期的6-8月份,选取体质健康、腹部膨胀的3龄以上雌鱼和从头向尾方向轻挤腹部即有精液流出的2龄以上雄鱼;在雌鱼胸鳍基部第一针注射2-8μg/kg的促黄体生成激素释放激素类似物LHRH-A2和浓度为0.2-1μg/kg红花黄色素A,注射15-20h后第二针注射激素a混合液,激素a混合液中含有500-1000IU/kg绒毛膜促性腺激素和0.2mL/mL胆固醇;雄鱼不进行激素注射;亲鱼注射激素24-48h后进行人工授精;
S4.人工孵化:将受精卵置于盐度为19-25‰,温度为28-30℃,pH值7.6-7.8的孵化水中孵化;
S5.苗种培育:将步骤S4孵化的鱼苗放入恒温控制车间的水池中,保持水温28℃;盐度20‰,pH值为7.8,溶氧量5mg/L,每天两次投喂开口饵料。
优选地,所述步骤S1中A饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:大豆粉20-40份、江米粉10-20份、丰年虫幼虫25-50份、酪蛋白磷酸肽0.5-1份、益生菌0.2份组成;所述B饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉10-40份、淫羊藿粉1-5份、鱼糜20-50份、螺旋藻10-25份、糖萜素0.1-1份。
优选地,所述步骤S1中A饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:大豆粉35份、江米粉18份、丰年虫幼虫46.4份、维生素C 0.4份、益生菌0.2份组成;所述B饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉35份、淫羊藿粉3份、鱼糜45份、螺旋藻16.5份、糖萜素0.5份。
优选地,所述步骤S2中饲料C由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉20-50份、淫羊藿粉10-20份、鱼糜30-50份、补骨脂素0.05-0.1份、酪蛋白磷酸肽0.5-1份和甲基橙皮苷0.5-1份。
优选地,所述步骤S2中饲料C由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉42份、淫羊藿粉15份、鱼糜42份、补骨脂素0.08份、酪蛋白磷酸肽0.62份和甲基橙皮苷0.3份。
优选地,所述步骤S3中选择鱼龄为4龄的雌鱼,鱼龄为3龄的雄鱼。
优选地,所述步骤S5中开口饵料由以下成分及其重量份组成:轮虫20-50、褐指藻10-30、豆粕20-40、木瓜蛋白酶0.5-1份和脱脂乳10-35份。
优选地,所述步骤S5中开口饵料由以下成分及其重量份轮虫30、褐指藻25、豆粕25、木瓜蛋白酶0.5份和脱脂乳19.5份。
本发明提供的金钱鱼繁育方法属于全人工繁育技术,首先选择金钱鱼野生育苗进行常规培育,本发明根据金钱鱼不同阶段的生长习性,在幼鱼阶段选择以大豆粉、江米粉、丰年虫幼虫、酪蛋白磷酸肽、益生菌为原料进行饲养。蛋白质是影响鱼类生长的重要营养成分之一,大豆蛋白是一种优质的植物蛋白,丰年虫幼虫也含有丰富的蛋白质。江米粉中不仅含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、钙、磷、铁、维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸及淀粉等营养物质。益生菌的加入能够快速将蛋白质分解成短肽,促进金钱鱼对氨基酸的吸收。在幼苗阶段,以饲料A为原料能够快速促进金钱鱼幼苗的生长。成鱼阶段以玉米蛋白粉、淫羊藿粉、鱼糜、螺旋藻、糖萜素为主要食物来源。经过常规培育得到的2年鱼龄雌性金钱鱼每克卵粒的平均数为10952粒,绝对生殖力F平均为402857粒,个体相对生殖力平均为921粒。
在进行人工催产前一个月,对亲鱼进行强化培养,本发明以玉米蛋白粉、淫羊藿粉、鱼糜、补骨脂素、酪蛋白磷酸肽和甲基橙皮苷为主要原料饲养亲鱼,同时意外发现将补骨脂素、酪蛋白磷酸肽和甲基橙皮苷作为营养添加剂加入到玉米蛋白粉、小球藻和鱼糜中,能快速促进金钱鱼的生长和发育,极大促进人工催产试验的进行。并且本发明技术人员发现对鱼龄为4龄的雌鱼,鱼龄为3龄的雄鱼进行催产成功率最高。
选择使用何种催产剂是进行人工繁殖成功的关键之一,本发明选用的促黄体素释放激素类似物LHRH-A2为10肽化合物,结构式为C56H78N16O12,相对分子量为1166。其主要成分是来源于下丘脑分泌的一种肽类物质。该激素能促使动物垂体前叶释放促黄体素(LH)和促卵泡素(FSH),兼具有促黄体素和促卵泡素作用。绒毛膜促性腺激素HCG的主要功能就是刺激黄体,有利于雌激素和黄体酮持续分泌,以促进子宫蜕膜的形成,使胎盘生长成熟。红花黄色素A为红花中提取得到的活性成分,研究证明其能够促进ER(+)MCF7细胞的增殖。本发明研究人员发现,第一针注射2-8μg/kg的促黄体生成激素释放激素类似物LHRH-A2和浓度为0.2-1μg/kg红花黄色素A,注射18h后第二针注射含有混合液中含有500-1000IU/kg绒毛膜促性腺激素和0.2mL/mL胆固醇的混合液,催产率可达100%,并且最终本发明繁育方法的受精率达90%以上。
在育苗阶段,本发明将孵化的鱼苗放入恒温控制车间的水池中,保持水温28℃;盐度20‰,pH值为7.8,溶氧量5mg/L,每天两次投喂开口饵料,开口饵料以轮虫、褐指藻、豆粕、木瓜蛋白酶和脱脂乳为主要原料。在此培养体系下,鱼苗存活率高,可达96%。
本发明与现有技术相比具有的优势为:本发明金钱鱼的繁育方法利用全人工繁育技术,经过亲鱼常规培育、强化培育、人工催产、人工孵化和苗种培育五个环节,催产率可达100%,受精率达90%以上,受精卵孵化率为93%,存活率高达96%;并且本发明技术成本低,操作控制方便,因而,可实现金钱鱼的大规模生产养殖。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
大豆蛋白粉,玉米蛋白粉购于安阳众鑫食品有限公司;江米粉,购于潍坊汇洋国际贸易有限公司;鱼糜,购于洪湖市井力水产食品有限公司。红花黄色素A CAS号:85532-77-0;木瓜蛋白酶购于南宁庞博生物工程有限公司;补骨脂素CAS号:66-97-7;酪蛋白磷酸肽CAS号:691364-49-5。
实施例1一种金钱鱼的繁育方法
所述金钱鱼的繁育方法,分为以下步骤:
S1.亲鱼常规培育:亲鱼是野生苗种经过人工培育而成,幼鱼时喂养A饲料,A饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:大豆粉35份、江米粉18份、丰年虫幼虫46.4份、维生素C 0.4份、益生菌0.2份组成;12个月之后喂养B饲料,所述B饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉35份、淫羊藿粉3份、鱼糜45份、螺旋藻16.5份、糖萜素0.5份;每日两次,喂食量按池塘中鱼体重的4.5‰进行投喂;
S2.亲鱼强化培育:挑选步骤S1中发育优良的雌性亲鱼和体表无伤痕、反应敏捷的雄鱼分池放入4×4×1.5米的恒温控制车间的水池中进行强化培育;水温29℃,盐度为26.2‰,保持水中的溶氧量在5mg/L以上;每天三次投喂饲料C,饲料C由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉42份、淫羊藿粉15份、鱼糜42份、补骨脂素0.08份、酪蛋白磷酸肽0.62份和甲基橙皮苷0.3份;
S3.人工催产:步骤S2中经过强化培育的金钱鱼亲鱼,于生殖期的6-8月份,选取体质健康、腹部膨胀的3龄以上雌鱼和从头向尾方向轻挤腹部即有精液流出的2龄以上雄鱼;在雌鱼胸鳍基部第一针注射6μg/kg的促黄体生成激素释放激素类似物LHRH-A2和浓度为0.7μg/kg红花黄色素A,注射18h后第二针注射激素a混合液,激素a混合液中含有800IU/kg绒毛膜促性腺激素和0.2mL/mL胆固醇;亲鱼注射激素36h后进行人工授精;人工授精为干法人工授精:将注射激素后48h的雌鱼、雄鱼分别捞出,用毛巾擦去鱼体表的水,先将卵挤入干燥的盆中紧接着挤入4滴精液,搅拌均匀;随机向盆内加入20‰的海水,搅动3分钟后,漂洗3次后倒入孵化桶孵化;
S4.人工孵化:将受精卵置于盐度为23‰,温度为29.5℃,pH值7.6的孵化水中孵化;
S5.苗种培育:将步骤S4孵化的鱼苗放入恒温控制车间的水池中,保持水温28℃;盐度20‰,pH值为7.8,溶氧量5mg/L,每天两次投喂开口饵料,所述开口饵料由以下成分及其重量份轮虫30份、褐指藻25份、豆粕25份、木瓜蛋白酶0.5份和脱脂乳19.5份。
实施例2一种金钱鱼的繁育方法
所述金钱鱼的繁育方法,分为以下步骤:
S1.亲鱼常规培育:亲鱼是野生苗种经过人工培育而成,幼鱼时喂养A饲料,所述A饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:大豆粉40份、江米粉20份、丰年虫幼虫39.5份、酪蛋白磷酸肽0.5份、益生菌0.2份组成;12个月之后喂养B饲料,所述B饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉20份、淫羊藿粉5份、鱼糜47份、螺旋藻27份、糖萜素1份;每日两次,喂食量按池塘中鱼体重的3‰进行投喂;
S2.亲鱼强化培育:挑选步骤S1中发育优良的雌性亲鱼和体表无伤痕、反应敏捷的雄鱼分池放入4×4×1.5米的恒温控制车间的水池中进行强化培育;水温28℃,盐度为24‰,保持水中的溶氧量在5mg/L以上;每天三次投喂饲料C,饲料C由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉50份、淫羊藿粉10份、鱼糜37.9份、补骨脂素0.1份、酪蛋白磷酸肽1份和甲基橙皮苷1份;
S3.金钱鱼人工催产:步骤S2中经过强化培育的金钱鱼亲鱼,于生殖期的6-8月份,选取体质健康、腹部膨胀的3龄以上雌鱼和从头向尾方向轻挤腹部即有精液流出的2龄以上雄鱼;在雌鱼胸鳍基部第一针注射2μg/kg的促黄体生成激素释放激素类似物LHRH-A2和浓度为0.2μg/kg红花黄色素A,注射15h后第二针注射激素a混合液,激素a混合液中含有500IU/kg绒毛膜促性腺激素和0.2mL/mL胆固醇;亲鱼注射激素24h后进行人工授精;人工授精为干法人工授精:将注射激素后24h的雌鱼、雄鱼分别捞出,用毛巾擦去鱼体表的水,现将卵挤入干燥的盆中紧接着挤入3滴精液,搅拌均匀;随机向盆内加入20‰的海水,搅动3分钟后,漂洗2次后倒入孵化桶孵化;
S4.人工孵化:将受精卵置于盐度为19‰,温度为28℃,pH值7.6的孵化水中孵化;
S5.苗种培育:将步骤S4孵化的鱼苗放入恒温控制车间的水池中,保持水温28℃;盐度20‰,pH值为7.8,溶氧量5mg/L,每天两次投喂开口饵料,所述开口饵料由以下成分及其重量份组成:轮虫20份、褐指藻30份、豆粕40份、木瓜蛋白酶1份和脱脂乳29份。
实施例3一种金钱鱼的繁育方法
所述金钱鱼的繁育方法,分为以下步骤:
S1.亲鱼常规培育:亲鱼是野生苗种经过人工培育而成,幼鱼时喂养A饲料,所述A饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:大豆粉39份、江米粉10份、丰年虫幼虫50份、酪蛋白磷酸肽0.8份、益生菌0.2份组成;12个月之后喂养B饲料,所述B饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉40份、淫羊藿粉1份、鱼糜40份、螺旋藻18.9份、糖萜素0.1份;每日两次,喂食量按池塘中鱼体重的5‰进行投喂;
S2.亲鱼强化培育:挑选步骤(1)中发育优良的雌性亲鱼和体表无伤痕、反应敏捷的雄鱼分池放入4×4×1.5米的恒温控制车间的水池中进行强化培育;水温30℃,盐度为29‰,保持水中的溶氧量在5mg/L以上;每天三次投喂饲料C,饲料C由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉28.95份、淫羊藿粉20份、鱼糜50份、补骨脂素0.05份、酪蛋白磷酸肽0.5份和甲基橙皮苷0.5份;
S3.人工催产:步骤(2)中经过强化培育的金钱鱼亲鱼,于生殖期的6-8月份,选取体质健康、腹部膨胀的4龄雌鱼和从头向尾方向轻挤腹部即有精液流出的3龄雄鱼;在雌鱼胸鳍基部第一针注射8μg/kg的促黄体生成激素释放激素类似物LHRH-A2和浓度为1μg/kg红花黄色素A,注射20h后第二针注射激素a混合液,激素a混合液中含有1000IU/kg绒毛膜促性腺激素和0.2mL/mL胆固醇;亲鱼注射激素48h后进行人工授精;人工授精为干法人工授精:将注射激素后48h的雌鱼、雄鱼分别捞出,用毛巾擦去鱼体表的水,现将卵挤入干燥的盆中紧接着挤入5滴精液,搅拌均匀;随机向盆内加入23‰的海水,搅动5分钟后,漂洗3次后倒入孵化桶孵化;
S4.人工孵化:将受精卵置于盐度为25‰,温度为30℃,pH值7.8的孵化水中孵化;
S5.苗种培育:将步骤(4)孵化的鱼苗放入恒温控制车间的水池中,保持水温28℃;盐度20‰,pH值为7.8,溶氧量5mg/L,每天两次投喂开口饵料,所述开口饵料由以下成分及其重量份组成:轮虫50份、褐指藻10份、豆粕20份、木瓜蛋白酶0.5份和脱脂乳19.5份。
对比例1一种金钱鱼的繁育方法
所述金钱鱼的繁育方法与实施例1的区别在于,所述步骤S2饲料C中用维生素C替换甲基橙皮苷,其与步骤均与实施例1类似。
对比例2一种金钱鱼的繁育方法
所述金钱鱼的繁育方法与实施例1的区别在于,所述步骤S3在雌鱼胸鳍基部第一针仅注射6μg/kg的促黄体生成激素释放激素类似物LHRH-A2,其与步骤均与实施例1类似。
对比例3一种金钱鱼的繁育方法
所述金钱鱼的繁育方法与实施例1的区别在于,所述步骤S4孵化水中盐度为26‰,其与步骤均与实施例1类似。
对比例4一种金钱鱼的繁育方法
所述金钱鱼的繁育方法与实施例1的区别在于,所述步骤S5开口饵料不含有木瓜蛋白酶,其与步骤均与实施例1类似。
试验例1金钱鱼繁殖力的测定
利用实施例1-3及对比例1中亲鱼常规培养方法进行进行金钱鱼培养,每组选取10条通过重量法计算二年鱼龄雌鱼的绝对繁育力,再间接计算出相对繁殖力。具体过程如下:称体重-解剖-测净体重-取卵巢-称卵巢重-抽样-样品重-计数,计算金钱鱼怀卵量。
相对繁殖力=个体绝对怀卵量/纯体重(g)
其中,测量结果如表1所示。
不同繁育方法得2龄金钱鱼相对繁殖力测定
由表1可知,利用实施例1亲鱼常规培养方法得到的10条2年鱼龄的雌鱼的绝对生殖力平均为501204粒,个体相对生殖力平均为982粒·g-1;与对比例1相比,实施例1绝对生殖力平均提高38.1%,个体相对生殖力平均提高22.3%。这说明,在亲鱼强化培养时,将甲基橙皮苷与玉米蛋白粉、淫羊藿粉、鱼糜、补骨脂素、和酪蛋白磷酸肽共同作用,能够极大提高亲鱼的繁殖力。
试验例2金钱鱼催产率与受精率的测定
利用实施例1-3及对比例2-4方法对分别选择的亲鱼进行催产和人工受精,并按下面公式进行催产率和受精率的测定。
催产率=产卵雌鱼数量/注射激素雌鱼数量×100%
受精率=开始发育卵数/总卵数×100%
对所得催产率、受精率进行统计,结果如表2、表3所示。
表2不同方法催产率情况
方法 | 催产率% |
实施例1 | 100 |
实施例2 | 98 |
实施例3 | 99 |
对比例2 | 90 |
由表2可知,利用实施例1-3繁育方法,所得雌鱼催产率均为98%,实施例1与对比例2相比,催产率提高了11.1%,说明红花黄色素A与其它成分相互作用,能够促进雌鱼的成熟,并有利于催产试验的进行。
表3不同繁育方法所得受精率情况
方法 | 受精率% |
实施例1 | 92 |
实施例2 | 90 |
实施例3 | 91 |
对比例2 | 76 |
由表3可知,本发明实施例1-3繁育方法进行金钱鱼体外人工受精时,受精率高达90%以上。
试验例3金钱鱼孵化率
将上述试验例2中实施例1获得的受精卵分别按实施例1、对比例3方法进行孵化,并按下面公式进行孵化率的计算。
孵化率=孵化出仔鱼数/受精卵数×100%
通过试验计算,实施例1将受精卵置于盐度为23‰,温度为29.5℃,pH值7.6的孵化水中孵化,孵化率可达93%,而按对比例5方法将孵化水中盐度调为为26‰时,孵化率仅为81%,因此,本发明实施例1中孵化水盐度更有利于金钱鱼受精卵的孵化。
试验例4金钱鱼鱼苗存活率测定
将上述试验例3中获得的实施例1孵化得到的鱼苗按实施例1和对比例4苗种培育方法进行培育,并按下面公式进行存活率测定。
存活率=(总仔鱼数-死亡仔鱼数)/总仔鱼数×100%
经试验测定,实施例1中仔鱼存活率为96%,对比例4仔鱼存活率为79%。由此可知,将木瓜蛋白酶与轮虫、褐指藻、豆粕及脱脂乳配合进行投喂,所获的鱼仔存活率高。
综上可知,本发明实施例繁育方法利用全人工繁育技术,经过亲鱼常规培育、强化培育、人工催产、人工孵化和苗种培育五个环节,催产率可达100%,受精率达90%以上,受精卵孵化率为93%,存活率高达96%;并且本发明技术成本低,操作控制方便,因而,可实现金钱鱼的大规模生产养殖。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (7)
1.一种金钱鱼的繁育方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.亲鱼常规培育:亲鱼是野生苗种经过人工培育而成,幼鱼时喂养A饲料,12个月之后喂养B饲料,每日两次,喂食量按池塘中鱼体重的3-5‰进行投喂,所述A饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:大豆粉20-40份、江米粉10-20份、丰年虫幼虫25-50份、酪蛋白磷酸肽0.5-1份、益生菌0.2份组成,所述B饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉10-40份、淫羊藿粉1-5份、鱼糜20-50份、螺旋藻10-25份、糖萜素0.1-1份;
S2.亲鱼强化培育:挑选步骤S1中发育优良的雌性亲鱼和体表无伤痕、反应敏捷的雄鱼分池放入4×4×1.5米的恒温控制车间的水池中进行强化培育;水温29℃,盐度为26-28‰,保持水中的溶氧量在5mg/L以上;每天三次投喂饲料C;
S3.人工催产:步骤S2中经过强化培育的金钱鱼亲鱼,于生殖期的6-8月份,选取体质健康、腹部膨胀的3龄以上雌鱼和从头向尾方向轻挤腹部即有精液流出的2龄以上雄鱼;在雌鱼胸鳍基部第一针注射2-8μg/kg的促黄体生成激素释放激素类似物LHRH-A2和浓度为0.2-1μg/kg红花黄色素A,注射15-20h后第二针注射激素a混合液,激素a混合液中含有500-1000IU/kg绒毛膜促性腺激素和0.2mL/mL胆固醇;雄鱼不进行激素注射;亲鱼注射激素24-48h后进行人工授精;
S4.人工孵化:将受精卵置于盐度为19-25‰,温度为28-30℃,pH值7.6-7.8的孵化水中孵化;
S5.苗种培育:将步骤S4孵化的鱼苗放入恒温控制车间的水池中,保持水温28℃;盐度20‰,pH值为7.8,溶氧量5mg/L,每天两次投喂开口饵料。
2.根据权利要求1所述金钱鱼的繁育方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中A饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:大豆粉35份、江米粉18份、丰年虫幼虫46.4份、酪蛋白磷酸肽0.4份、益生菌0.2份组成;所述B饲料由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉35份、淫羊藿粉3份、鱼糜45份、螺旋藻16.5份、糖萜素0.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述金钱鱼的繁育方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中饲料C由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉20-50份、淫羊藿粉10-20份、鱼糜30-50份、补骨脂素0.05-0.1份、酪蛋白磷酸肽0.5-1份和甲基橙皮苷0.5-1份。
4.根据权利要求3所述金钱鱼的繁育方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中饲料C由以下成分及其重量份组成:玉米蛋白粉42份、淫羊藿粉15份、鱼糜42份、补骨脂素0.08份、酪蛋白磷酸肽0.62份和甲基橙皮苷0.3份。
5.根据权利要求1所述金钱鱼的繁育方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中选择鱼龄为4龄的雌鱼,鱼龄为3龄的雄鱼。
6.根据权利要求1所述金钱鱼的繁育方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S5中开口饵料由以下成分及其重量份组成:轮虫20-50、褐指藻10-30、豆粕20-40、木瓜蛋白酶0.5-1份和脱脂乳10-35份。
7.根据权利要求6所述金钱鱼的繁育方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S5中开口饵料由以下成分及其重量份轮虫30、褐指藻25、豆粕25、木瓜蛋白酶0.5份和脱脂乳19.5份。
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