CN111305496A - 一种防霉壁纸及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及壁纸技术领域,具体涉及一种防霉壁纸及其制备方法。包括防霉布基层、在所述防霉布基层的一个表面涂附设置的防霉PVC层以及印刷于所述防霉PVC层表面的防霉水墨印刷层;所述防霉布基层中添加有防霉剂a,所述防霉剂a为三丙二醇单丁醚、丁氨基甲酸‑3‑碘‑2‑丙炔基酯中的一种或两种;所述防霉PVC层中添加有防霉剂b,所述防霉剂b为2‑辛基‑3‑异噻唑酮;所述防霉水墨印刷层中添加有防霉剂c,所述防霉剂c为三乙二醇丁醚或4,5‑二氯‑2‑辛基‑3‑异噻唑酮中的一种或两种。本发明所述防霉壁纸在保持壁纸原有性能的情况下,具有很好的防霉效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及壁纸技术领域,具体涉及一种防霉壁纸及其制备方法。
背景技术
壁纸是一种应用广泛的家装材料,随着人们需求的增长以及科技的发展,壁纸的材料也越来越多;而今,PVC材质的壁纸很难再受消费者欢迎。原因是虽然PVC壁纸具有较好的防水性、耐磨性等性能,但是由于PVC膜的透气性较差,导致墙体内的水汽难以挥发出去,且PVC加工过程中添加的增塑剂等助剂在高温高湿条件下容易滋生霉菌,最终导致布基壁纸在南方高温高湿的环境中易发霉。因此急需一种具有防霉作用的壁纸。
发明内容
针对现有技术中含有PVC的壁纸易发霉的问题,本发明提供一种可防霉的PVC壁纸。
本发明所述的防霉壁纸包括防霉布基层、在所述防霉布基层的一个表面涂附设置的防霉PVC层以及印刷于所述防霉PVC层表面的防霉水墨印刷层;
所述防霉布基层中添加有防霉剂a,所述防霉剂a为三丙二醇单丁醚、丁氨基甲酸-3-碘-2-丙炔基酯中的一种或两种;
所述防霉PVC层中添加有防霉剂b,所述防霉剂b为2-辛基-3-异噻唑酮;
所述防霉水墨印刷层中添加有防霉剂c,所述防霉剂c为三乙二醇丁醚或4,5-二氯-2-辛基-3-异噻唑酮中的一种或两种。
一般壁纸的发霉主要有两种形式,绝大多数是由于墙体渗水或潮湿导致的从里往外层层发霉,另外一部分是由于室内空气湿度大导致的从外往里引发的壁纸发霉,因此对壁纸的防霉布基层和表面的水墨印刷层均进行防霉处理,既可阻止从里往外的霉菌,又可抑制从外往里的霉菌,提升壁纸的整体防霉效果。但是,在上述结构下,并不是添加任意种类的防霉剂均可有效的防霉,防霉剂的选择需要考虑多方面的因素。首先防霉剂需与所在层的物料具有良好的相容性,其次防霉剂需满足壁纸国家强制性标准GB18585要求,不能含有害重金属元素砷As,尽可能无毒或低毒;再次防霉剂必须广谱有效,适应范围广,对常见的黑曲霉菌等都有抑制作用。而且对于PVC层而言,对于防霉剂的选择有更多的要求,如由于PVC是在高温下成型的,需满足耐热大于200℃不黄变,不失效。且需要其用量少,添加后对本体树脂体系无不良影响,不然会影响PVC整体的成形。本发明选择的防霉剂,可满足上述的要求,尤其是本发明所述的防霉剂b,它本身为液态,更易分散均匀;它的活性范围广,对常见的霉菌有极强的杀灭能力,且有效用量较一般防霉剂低;毒性测试结果表明,在规定用量下使用,其本身毒性很低。而且上述防霉剂配合使用可有效地提高防霉效果。
本发明所述防霉布基层是指含有防霉剂a的布质基层,所述布质基层选自无纺纸、无纺布、网格纯棉布、化纤布或混纺布中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述防霉布基层的制备方法包括如下步骤:将布质基层浸于含有所述防霉剂a的溶液中。
优选的,含有所述防霉剂a的溶液中防霉剂a的质量浓度为1.2~1.8%。
优选的,以制备PVC层的PVC悬浮树脂的质量计,所述防霉剂b的添加量为0.2~0.4%。
优选的,制备所述PVC层的原料包括PVC悬浮树脂和功能性组分,每100质量份的PVC悬浮树脂(SG-5)中添加如下质量百分比的功能性组分:
本发明所述防霉剂与上述组分有更好的相容性。
优选的,所述防霉剂c在所述防霉水墨印刷材料中的添加量为0.3~0.7%。
作为最优的方案,含有所述防霉剂a的溶液中防霉剂a的质量浓度为1.5%;
以制备PVC层的PVC悬浮树脂的质量计,所述防霉剂b的添加量为0.3%;;
所述防霉剂c在所述防霉水墨印刷材料中的添加量为0.5%。
选择本发明所述的防霉剂,且在上述用量范围内进行添加,防霉效果可达到最佳。
优选的,在所述防霉壁纸的表面设有多个贯通的透气微孔。为了进一步增强防霉效果,在壁纸的表面设置多个贯通的透气微孔,增强壁纸的透气性。通过化学和物理相结合的方法,可实现壁纸的有效防霉,尤其在高温高湿的条件下可显著改善防霉的效果。
优选的,每个所述微孔的孔径为0.9~1.1mm,相邻微孔的间距为1.5~2mm。孔径和孔间距选择必须适当,不能过大或过小,太小透气效果差,太大上墙张贴时容易透胶,从而影响到壁纸表面装饰效果。
优选的,所述防霉布基层、防霉PVC层和所述防霉水墨印刷层的厚度之比为1:2~3.5:0.2。
优选的,所述防霉布基层的厚度为0.1~0.15mm。
本发明还保护本发明所述防霉壁纸的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)通过浸染或洗涂的方式在所述布基层中添加防霉剂a,得所述防霉布基层;
2)在温度160-180℃的条件下,在所述防霉布基层的表面通过热溶法贴附设置所述防霉PVC层;
3)在所述防霉PVC层的表面印刷所述防霉水墨印刷层。
进一步优选的,还包括如下步骤:
4)在200℃高温下对整体复合层进行表面压花处理,形成凹凸不平的压花防霉壁纸;
5)在压花防霉壁纸表面采用特殊机械处理技术进行微孔处理形成防霉透气壁纸。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
1)本发明所述防霉壁纸在保持壁纸原有性能的情况下具有很好的防霉效果,而且经过表面微孔技术处理,使PVC壁纸具有良好的透气性,进一步强化了壁纸在高温高湿条件下长期使用的防霉性。
2)本发明所述壁纸制备方法简单,适于进行大规模的推广使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明布基壁纸的结构示意图;
图中:1为防霉水墨印刷层;2为防霉PVC层;3为防霉布基层。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例中所使用的增塑剂为DEHP,稳定剂为液体复合钡锌,填充剂为重质碳酸钙。
实施例1
本实施例涉及一种防霉壁纸,包括防霉布基层3、在所述防霉布基层的一个表面涂附设置的防霉PVC层2以及印刷于所述防霉PVC层表面的防霉水墨印刷层1(其结构示意图如图1)。
所述防霉布基层中添加有防霉剂a,所述防霉剂a为三丙二醇单丁醚;
所述防霉PVC层中添加有防霉剂为b,所述防霉剂b为2-辛基-3-异噻唑酮;
所述防霉水墨印刷层中添加有防霉剂c,所述防霉剂c为三乙二醇丁醚;
所述防霉壁纸由如下方法制备得到:
1)将无纺布浸泡于防霉剂a的质量浓度为1.5%的水溶液中,将所述无纺布取出,晾干;
2)将防霉剂b添加到PVC悬浮树脂(SG-5)中,至其添加量为悬浮树脂质量的0.3%,每100重量份PVC悬浮树脂中添加如下质量百分比的添加剂:
将所述PVC混合料通过压延热复合法设于所述布质基层的表面,所述压延热复合的具体操作为:高搅混料、密炼初步塑化、双辊开炼、四辊压延、热复合。
3)将防霉剂c添加到水墨印刷材料中,至其添加量为0.5%,在所述PVC层的表面印刷水墨印刷层。
4)在200℃高温下对整体复合层进行表面压花处理,形成凹凸不平的压花防霉壁纸。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的主要区别在于,替换防霉布基层和防霉水墨印刷层中防霉剂的具体选择。
本实施例所述防霉壁纸包括防霉布基层、在所述防霉布基层的一个表面涂附设置的防霉PVC层以及印刷于所述防霉PVC层表面的防霉水墨印刷层;
所述防霉布基层中添加有防霉剂a,所述防霉剂a为丁氨基甲酸-3-碘-2-丙炔基酯;
所述防霉PVC层中添加有防霉剂为b,所述防霉剂b为2-辛基-3-异噻唑酮;
所述防霉水墨印刷层中添加有防霉剂c,所述防霉剂c为4,5-二氯-2-辛基-3-异噻唑酮。
本实施例的防霉壁纸的制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1相比,其区别主要在于,减少防霉剂b的添加量为0.2%。
本实施例涉及一种防霉壁纸,包括防霉布基层、在所述防霉布基层的一个表面涂附设置的防霉PVC层以及印刷于所述防霉PVC层表面的防霉水墨印刷层。
所述防霉布基层中添加有防霉剂a,所述防霉剂a为三丙二醇单丁醚;
所述防霉PVC层中添加有防霉剂为b,所述防霉剂b为2-辛基-3-异噻唑酮;
所述防霉水墨印刷层中添加有防霉剂c,所述防霉剂c为三乙二醇丁醚;
所述防霉壁纸由如下方法制备得到:
1)将无纺布浸泡于防霉剂a的质量浓度为1.5%的水溶液中,将所述无纺布取出,晾干;
2)将防霉剂b添加到PVC悬浮树脂(SG-5)中,至其添加量为悬浮树脂质量的0.2%;
每100重量份PVC悬浮树脂中添加如下质量百分比的添加剂:
将所述PVC混合料通过压延热复合法设于所述布质基层的表面,所述压延热复合的具体操作为:高搅混料、密炼初步塑化、双辊开炼、四辊压延、热复合。
3)将防霉剂c添加到水墨印刷材料中,至其添加量为0.5%,在所述PVC层的表面印刷水墨印刷层。
4)在200℃高温下对整体复合层进行表面压花处理,形成凹凸不平的压花防霉壁纸。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1相比,其区别主要在于,在所述防霉壁纸的表面设有多个贯通的透气微孔。
本实施例涉及一种防霉壁纸,包括防霉布基层、在所述防霉布基层的一个表面涂附设置的防霉PVC层以及印刷于所述防霉PVC层表面的防霉水墨印刷层;
所述防霉布基层中添加有防霉剂a,所述防霉剂a为三丙二醇单丁醚;
所述防霉PVC层中添加有防霉剂为b,所述防霉剂b为2-辛基-3-异噻唑酮;
所述防霉水墨印刷层中添加有防霉剂c,所述防霉剂c为三乙二醇丁醚。
所述防霉壁纸由如下方法制备得到:
1)将无纺布浸泡于防霉剂a的质量浓度为1.5%的水溶液中,将所述无纺布取出,晾干;
2)将防霉剂b添加到PVC悬浮树脂(SG-5)中,至其添加量为悬浮树脂质量的0.3%,每100重量份PVC悬浮树脂中添加如下质量百分比的添加剂:
将所述PVC混合料通过压延热复合法设于所述布质基层的表面,所述压延热复合的具体操作为:高搅混料、密炼初步塑化、双辊开炼、四辊压延、热复合。
3)将防霉剂c添加到水墨印刷材料中,至其添加量为0.5%,在所述PVC层的表面印刷水墨印刷层。
4)在200℃高温下对整体复合层进行表面压花处理,形成凹凸不平的压花防霉壁纸;
5)在所述压花防霉壁纸的表面设有多个贯通的透气微孔,所述微孔的直径为0.9-1mm,相邻微孔间的距离为1.5-2mm。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1相比,其区别在于,将所述防霉剂a和防霉剂c进行替换。
所述防霉布基层中添加有防霉剂三乙二醇丁醚,所述防霉水墨印刷层中添加有防霉剂三丙二醇单丁醚。
试验例1
防霉壁纸的防霉性能检测
将实施例1~4和对比例1所述的防霉壁纸进行防霉实验,实验结果如下:
实验方法:按照国家标准GB/T 1741-2007《漆膜耐霉菌性测定法》进行测试。需要分别对防霉壁纸的正面(水墨印刷层)和背面(基材层)测试。测试条件为:温度25~30℃,湿度≥85%,连续28天后,观察防霉壁纸正、背面各自长霉状态。防霉级别分为0、1、2、3、4级,0级为最高等级。具体说明如下:
0级 | 在放大50倍下无明显长霉 |
1级 | 肉眼看不到或很难看到长霉,但在放大镜下可见明显看到长霉 |
2级 | 肉眼明显看到长霉,在样品表面的覆盖面积为10%-30% |
3级 | 肉眼明显看到长霉,在样品表面的覆盖面积为30%-60% |
4级 | 肉眼明显看到长霉,在样品表面的覆盖面积大于60% |
实验结果如表1
表1
由上表可知,减少了防霉剂b的用量后防霉等级有所下降,但是依然可满足市场的要求,防霉等级达到1级,而若替换布基层和印刷层中防霉剂的选择,则其防霉效果大大下降,背面的防霉等级仅为2级,无法满足市场的需求,这进一步证明本发明所述防霉剂的选择起到了一定的协同促进作用。
试验例2
防霉壁纸的透气性检测
将实施例1~4和对比例1所述的防霉壁纸的透气性能实验,实验结果如下:
实验方法:按照ASTM E96/E96M-2014《测定材料水蒸汽渗透性的标准试验方法》进行测试。
测试条件:温度23℃。水蒸汽透过率:单位时间内、单位面积上透过试样的水蒸汽总量。
实验结果如表2
表2
透气性 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对比例1 |
水蒸汽透过率(g/h.m<sup>2</sup>) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
由以上数据可知,设置微孔后可进一步提高水汽透过率,改善在高温高湿条件下的防霉效果。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验,对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种防霉壁纸,其特征在于,包括防霉布基层、在所述防霉布基层的一个表面涂附设置的防霉PVC层以及印刷于所述防霉PVC层表面的防霉水墨印刷层;
所述防霉布基层中添加有防霉剂a,所述防霉剂a为三丙二醇单丁醚、丁氨基甲酸-3-碘-2-丙炔基酯中的一种或两种;
所述防霉PVC层中添加有防霉剂b,所述防霉剂b为2-辛基-3-异噻唑酮;
所述防霉水墨印刷层中添加有防霉剂c,所述防霉剂c为三乙二醇丁醚或4,5-二氯-2-辛基-3-异噻唑酮中的一种或两种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防霉壁纸,其特征在于,所述防霉布基层的制备方法包括如下步骤:将布质基层浸于含有所述防霉剂a的溶液中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防霉壁纸,其特征在于,含有所述防霉剂a的溶液中防霉剂a的质量浓度为1.2~1.8%。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的防霉壁纸,其特征在于,以制备PVC层的PVC悬浮树脂的质量计,所述防霉剂b的添加量为0.2~0.4%。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的防霉壁纸,其特征在于,所述防霉剂c在所述防霉水墨印刷材料中的添加量为0.3~0.7%。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的防霉壁纸,其特征在于,在所述防霉壁纸的表面设有多个贯通的透气微孔。
7.根据权利要求6所述的防霉壁纸,其特征在于,每个所述微孔的孔径为0.9~1.1mm,相邻微孔的间距为1.5~2mm。
8.根据权利要求1~7任一项所述的防霉壁纸,其特征在于,所述防霉布基层、防霉PVC层和所述防霉水墨印刷层的厚度之比为1:2~3.5:0.2。
9.权利要求1~8任一项所述防霉壁纸的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)通过浸染或洗涂的方式在所述布基层中添加防霉剂a,得所述防霉布基层;
2)在温度160~180℃的条件下,在所述防霉布基层的表面通过热溶法贴附设置所述防霉PVC层;
3)在所述防霉PVC层的表面印刷所述防霉水墨印刷层。
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