CN111302810B - Low-noise silicon nitride ceramic-based friction material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Low-noise silicon nitride ceramic-based friction material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111302810B
CN111302810B CN202010157499.2A CN202010157499A CN111302810B CN 111302810 B CN111302810 B CN 111302810B CN 202010157499 A CN202010157499 A CN 202010157499A CN 111302810 B CN111302810 B CN 111302810B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
powder
ceramic
sintering
pressing
beta
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202010157499.2A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN111302810A (en
Inventor
曾宇平
尹金伟
左开慧
夏咏锋
姚冬旭
梁汉琴
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
Original Assignee
Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS filed Critical Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
Priority to CN202010157499.2A priority Critical patent/CN111302810B/en
Publication of CN111302810A publication Critical patent/CN111302810A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN111302810B publication Critical patent/CN111302810B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
    • C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
    • C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C04B2235/3225—Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3852—Nitrides, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride, magnesium nitride
    • C04B2235/386—Boron nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/522—Oxidic
    • C04B2235/5224—Alumina or aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/522—Oxidic
    • C04B2235/5232—Silica or silicates other than aluminosilicates, e.g. quartz
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
    • C04B2235/5244—Silicon carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5276—Whiskers, spindles, needles or pins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5445—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5454—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof nanometer sized, i.e. below 100 nm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
    • C04B2235/668—Pressureless sintering

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a low-noise silicon nitride ceramic-based friction material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein Si is3N4Ceramic-based friction material, characterized in that it is made of Si3N4Powder, BN powder, beta-Si3N4The crystal whisker, the ceramic fiber and the metal oxide powder are used as main raw materials and are prepared by uniformly mixing and sintering, wherein in the raw materials, Si3N445-92% of powder, 2-40% of BN powder and beta-Si3N42-10% of whisker, 2-20% of ceramic fiber, 2-15% of metal oxide and beta-Si3N4The mass ratio of the crystal whisker to the ceramic fiber is 1: (1-10).

Description

Low-noise silicon nitride ceramic-based friction material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-noise Si3N4A ceramic-based friction material, in particular to a friction material containing Si3N4Matrix phase, BN lubricating phase, and beta-Si3N4A friction material of crystal whisker and ceramic fiber reinforced phase, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of high-speed vehicles such as airplanes, trains, automobiles and the like, the requirements on the reliability and stability of friction parts are higher and higher, and a lot of friction materials are replaced by novel materials in the continuous development process. Commonly used friction materials include organic materials, metallic materials, ceramic materials, etc., wherein the ceramic friction materials have received much attention in recent years due to their excellent high temperature resistance and low wear properties. However, during use, when ceramic abrasive dust accumulates on the friction surface, abrasive wear is easily formed, and the wear rate of the material is increased; on the other hand, the ceramic material with high hardness and high elastic modulus is easy to generate abnormal sound in the friction process, so that noise pollution is caused, and the comfort level of drivers and passengers is reduced.
Vibration of the friction member, high friction coefficient, high hardness friction surface, high frequency vibration of the abrasive dust particles, and the like are important sources of friction noise. Particularly, under some dry friction conditions, no lubricating medium is involved, the friction force and the friction vibration are severe, and the friction noise is more serious. The currently applied ceramic friction material is prepared by hard ceramics, and the generation of noise cannot be effectively inhibited under the condition of ensuring low abrasion; or the soft inorganic lubricating material and the metal are compounded to form the ceramic semi-metal friction material, so that the wear rate of the material is higher and the mechanical property of the material is lower under the conditions of reducing friction and noise, and the material cannot be used for preparing structural components with bearing or transmission effects.
In conclusion, the development of ceramic friction materials with high mechanical strength and low friction noise is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide Si3N4The ceramic-based friction material has the advantages of low friction noise, high mechanical property, excellent wear resistance and stable friction coefficient, can meet the use requirements of high wear resistance and long service life of the material, and simultaneously meets the application requirement of low noise.
In a first aspect, the present application provides Si3N4Ceramic-based friction material based on Si3N4Powder, BN powder, beta-Si3N4The crystal whisker, the ceramic fiber and the metal oxide powder are used as main raw materials and are prepared by uniformly mixing and sintering, wherein in the raw materials, Si3N445-92% of powder, 2-40% of BN powder and beta-Si3N4The mass fraction of the crystal whisker is 2-10%, and the mass fraction of the ceramic fiber is 220 percent of beta-Si, the mass fraction of the metal oxide is 2 to 15 percent3N4The mass ratio of the crystal whisker to the ceramic fiber is 1: (1-10).
Si as above3N4Ceramic-based friction material, the main component of which is Si3N4Matrix, BN lubricating phase and beta-Si3N4The crystal whisker reinforced phase simultaneously contains a certain amount of metal oxide and a certain amount of ceramic fiber, wherein BN forms a lubricating film in the friction process to reduce abrasion and noise, and improves the density of the internal crystal boundary of the material and the sound resistance, thereby realizing the purpose of reducing the friction noise; meanwhile, ceramic fiber is used as a reinforcing phase, so that the reduction of the mechanical property of the material caused by the introduction of BN is reduced; supplemented by beta-Si3N4The introduction of the crystal whisker realizes isotropic enhancement at a micrometer scale; due to ceramic fibers and beta-Si3N4The combined action of the whiskers can realize the synergistic action of large-scale fiber reinforcement and micro-scale whisker reinforcement of the material, and has better mechanical property and wear resistance than the traditional single fiber or whisker reinforcement mechanism. The invention is directed to ceramic fibers and beta-Si3N4The content of the whisker is designed in a targeted manner, and the scientific proportion is limited to fully exert the synergistic strengthening effect of the whisker and the whisker, so that the reduction of the mechanical property of the material caused by the introduction of the BN phase is effectively relieved. The material is Si3N4As a base material, it has good self-lubricating properties compared to other materials such as Al2O3、ZrO2SiC, etc., Si3N4The base material can effectively reduce the friction coefficient of the material in the friction process and reduce the friction noise. Si prepared by the invention3N4The ceramic-based friction material has the advantages of low friction noise, high mechanical property, excellent wear resistance and stable friction coefficient, and can be applied to manufacturing wear-resistant structural members such as friction plates, bearings, sealing rings and the like. Si as above3N4The hardness of the ceramic-based friction material can be 1-12 GPa, the elastic modulus can be 45-287 GPa, the abrasion loss is low, and the noise is low.
Preferably, the ceramic fibers are selected from Si3N4、SiC、BN、Al3O4、SiO2One or a combination of several of the fibers.
Preferably, the metal oxide powder is selected from Al2O3、MgO、Y2O3、Sc2O3、Sm2O3、Lu2O3、Er2O3One or a combination of several of them.
Preferably, Si3N4The average particle size of the powder is 0.2-10 mu m; the average grain diameter of the BN powder is 0.05-20 mu m; beta-Si3N4The average diameter of the crystal whisker is 0.1-5 μm, and the average length is 0.3-20 μm; the average diameter of the ceramic fiber is 0.1-100 μm, and the average length is 100 μm-1 cm; the metal oxide powder has an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 20 μm.
Preferably, the sintering method is hot-pressing sintering, pressureless sintering or air pressure sintering.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing any of the ceramic based friction materials described above, comprising the steps of:
a) weighing Si according to the proportion3N4Powder, BN powder, beta-Si3N4Whiskers, ceramic fibers, and metal oxide powders;
b) ball milling to uniformly mix the powder to prepare raw material powder;
b) and pouring the raw material powder obtained in the previous step into a mould for hot-pressing sintering, wherein the hot-pressing pressure is 5-50 MPa, the sintering temperature is 1500-1750 ℃, the sintering time is 1-4 hours, and the environment atmosphere is nitrogen.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing any of the ceramic based friction materials described above, comprising the steps of:
a) weighing Si according to the proportion3N4Powder, BN powder, beta-Si3N4Whiskers, ceramic fibers, and metal oxide powders;
b) ball milling to uniformly mix the powder to prepare raw material powder;
c) pressing and molding the raw material powder obtained in the previous step, and performing cold isostatic pressing treatment to obtain a ceramic blank;
d) and carrying out pressureless sintering on the ceramic blank, wherein the sintering temperature is 1500-1750 ℃, the sintering time is 1-4 hours, and the environment atmosphere is nitrogen.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing any of the above ceramic based friction materials, comprising the steps of:
a) weighing Si according to the proportion3N4Powder, BN powder, beta-Si3N4Whiskers, ceramic fibers, and metal oxide powders;
b) ball milling to uniformly mix the powder to prepare raw material powder;
c) pressing and molding the raw material powder obtained in the previous step, and performing cold isostatic pressing treatment to obtain a ceramic blank;
d) and (3) putting the ceramic blank into a furnace for air pressure sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 1500-1850 ℃, the sintering time is 1-4 hours, the air pressure is 0.1-10 MPa, and the environment atmosphere is nitrogen.
Preferably, the pressing method is dry pressing, and the dry pressing pressure is 10-100 MPa; the cold isostatic pressure is 50-400 MPa.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a wear resistant structural member using any of the above Si3N4And (3) preparing the ceramic-based friction material.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not restrictive.
Si according to one embodiment of the present invention3N4Ceramic-based friction material comprising Si3N4Matrix, BN lubricating phase and beta-Si3N4A whisker reinforcing phase and a certain content of ceramic fiber. The Si is3N4The ceramic-based friction material may be Si3N4Powder, BN powder, beta-Si3N4The crystal whisker, the ceramic fiber and the metal oxide powder are used as main raw materials, and are prepared by uniformly mixing and sintering.
In some embodiments, the feedstock is formed from Si3N4Powder, BN powder, beta-Si3N4Whisker, ceramic fiber and metal oxide powder.
Si3N4The powder is used as a matrix raw material, and the mass fraction of the powder can be 45-92%, and preferably 45-65%. Si3N4The average particle size of the powder may be 0.2 to 10 μm, preferably 0.2 to 2 μm.
The mass fraction of the BN powder can be 2-40%. If the mass fraction of the BN powder is lower than 2%, the friction noise is large, and the friction coefficient is unstable; if the mass fraction of the BN powder is higher than 40%, the abrasion amount of the material is high. The mass fraction of the BN powder is preferably 20 to 40% from the viewpoint of noise reduction. The average particle size of the BN powder may be 0.05 to 20 μm, preferably 0.2 to 5 μm.
β-Si3N4The mass fraction of the whiskers can be 2-10%, and preferably 4-8%. If beta-Si3N4If the mass fraction of the whiskers is lower than 2%, the strength of the material is insufficient; if beta-Si3N4If the mass fraction of the whiskers is higher than 10%, the material is difficult to densify, resulting in a decrease in mechanical properties. beta-Si3N4The average diameter of the whisker can be 0.1-5 μm, preferably 0.2-1 μm, the average length can be 0.3-20 μm, preferably 0.5-5 μm, and the average length-diameter ratio can be 3-50, preferably 3-10.
The mass fraction of the ceramic fiber can be 2-20%, and if the mass fraction of the ceramic fiber is less than 2%, the material is easy to wear; if the mass fraction of the ceramic fiber is more than 20%, the friction coefficient of the material is unstable, and the material preparation cost is high. Preferably, the mass fraction of the ceramic fiber is 2-15%, more preferably 4-10%, so that the ceramic fiber has high mechanical strength and low friction noise, and the preparation cost is controllable. The ceramic fiber may be Si3N4、SiC、BN、Al3O4、SiO2One or more of the fibers, wherein Si is preferred3N4The fiber is made of the same material as the base material, so that better thermal matching can be realized, and microcracks are not easily generated at the interface due to thermal mismatch. The average diameter and average length of the ceramic fiber may be 0.1-100 μmThe degree can be 100 μm-1cm, and the average length-diameter ratio can be 102～106。
β-Si3N4The mass ratio of the crystal whisker to the ceramic fiber is 1: (1-10), when the content is beyond the range, the good synergistic strengthening effect of the two is difficult to realize, the mechanical property of the material is reduced, and the wear resistance is reduced. The mass ratio is preferably 1 (2-5), and within the range, the synergistic strengthening effect is optimal.
The metal oxide powder may be used as a sintering aid, and may be selected from Al, for example2O3、MgO、Y2O3、Sc2O3、Sm2O3、Lu2O3、Er2O3And the like in one or a combination of several. The mass fraction of the metal oxide powder may be 2 to 15%. In some embodiments, the metal oxide powder is Al2O3Powder and Y2O3Powder of Al2O3The mass fraction of the powder in all raw material powder can be 1-10%, and Y is2O3The mass fraction of the powder in all raw material powders can be 1-10%. The average particle diameter of the metal oxide powder may be 0.1 to 20 μm, preferably 0.1 to 5 μm.
The method of mixing the raw materials may be a method commonly used in the art, such as ball milling and the like. During ball milling, the dispersing medium may be absolute ethyl alcohol and the grinding balls may be silicon nitride balls. The mass ratio of the raw material powder, the dispersion medium and the grinding balls can be (1-3): (1-3): (1-3). The ball milling speed can be 50-500 r/min, and the ball milling time can be 1-48 hours. The resulting slurry was dried and sieved to obtain a mixture powder. The drying temperature can be 50-80 ℃. The sieving is, for example, a 100 mesh sieve.
Sintering the mixture powder to obtain Si3N4A ceramic based friction material.
In some embodiments, the sintering is hot press sintering. And filling the mixture powder into a hot-pressing die for hot-pressing sintering to obtain the required ceramic material. The hot pressing pressure can be 5-50 MPa, preferably 20-40 MPa. The sintering temperature can be 1500-1750 ℃, and is preferably 1600-1700 ℃. The temperature rise rate to the sintering temperature can be 5-20 ℃/min. The sintering time can be 1-4 hours. The ambient atmosphere may be nitrogen.
In some embodiments, the sintering mode is pressureless sintering. First, the mixture powder is made into a ceramic body. For example, the ceramic body can be obtained by pressing into a specified shape and then carrying out cold isostatic pressing. The pressing mode can be dry pressing, and the dry pressing pressure can be 10-100 MPa, preferably 20-50 MPa. The cold isostatic pressure may be 50 to 400MPa, preferably 200 to 400 MPa. And then, putting the ceramic blank into a high-temperature furnace for sintering to obtain the required ceramic material. The sintering temperature can be 1500-1750 ℃, and is preferably 1600-1750 ℃. The temperature rise rate to the sintering temperature can be 5-20 ℃/min. The sintering time can be 1-4 hours. The ambient atmosphere may be nitrogen.
In some embodiments, the sintering mode is gas pressure sintering. First, the mixture powder is made into a ceramic body, and the preparation method thereof can be as described above. And then, putting the ceramic blank into a gas pressure sintering furnace for sintering to obtain the required ceramic material. The sintering temperature can be 1500-1850 ℃, and is preferably 1600-1850 ℃. The temperature rise rate to the sintering temperature can be 5-20 ℃/min. The sintering time can be 1-4 hours. The pressure is 0.1 to 10MPa, preferably 0.5 to 5 MPa. The ambient atmosphere may be nitrogen.
Compared with the prior art, the low-noise Si provided by the application3N4Ceramic-based friction material comprising Si3N4Matrix phase, BN lubricating phase, beta-Si3N4A whisker-reinforced phase and a ceramic fiber-reinforced phase, which may have Si together3N4Wear resistance of ceramics, lubrication of BN, beta-Si3N4The crystal whisker and the ceramic fiber have double reinforcing effects, have the characteristics of high mechanical property, good wear resistance, low friction noise and stable friction coefficient, and the BN lubricating phase in the system can obviously improve the wear resistance and stability of the friction part under the dry friction condition, reduce noise pollution and have very high practical value, for example, the BN lubricating phase can be used for preparing wear-resistant structural members such as friction plates, bearings, sealing rings and the like.
The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. It is also to be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art may be made in light of the above teachings. The specific process parameters and the like of the following examples are also only one example of suitable ranges, i.e., those skilled in the art can select the appropriate ranges through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific values exemplified below.
The test method comprises the following steps:
hardness: the test was carried out according to GB/T16534-2009 Fine ceramics Room temperature hardness test method using a Wilson-Wolpert Tukon2100B Vickers hardness tester.
Modulus of elasticity: the test is carried out by adopting an Instron-5566 universal material testing machine according to GB10700-2006-T bending method for testing the elastic modulus of fine ceramics.
Wear loss: the material abrasion loss test adopts a vertical universal material friction abrasion tester.
Noise: the test is carried out by adopting an HNT16040 type sound level meter according to GB-3096-2008 sound environment quality standard.
Example 1
21g of BN powder having a median particle size of 0.5 μm and 50g of Si having a median particle size of 0.5 μm were weighed out3N4Powder, 5g of beta-Si having an average diameter of 0.2 μm and an average length of 3 μm3N410g of SiC fibers having an average diameter of 10 μm and an average length of 1mm, and 10g of Y having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Powder and 4g of Al having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 100g of silicon nitride grinding balls into the powder, and performing rolling ball milling for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min to prepare uniform and stable slurry.
And drying the slurry at 50-80 ℃ for 3 hours, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain mixture powder.
Filling the mixture powder into a hot-pressing die, putting the hot-pressing die into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and introducing N2Raising the temperature to 1750 ℃ at the temperature of 10 ℃/min, applying the hot pressing pressure of 20MPa, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 hours, then relieving the pressure and reducing the temperature, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the productA silicon nitride based composite is desired.
The raw material components required for this example and the properties of the composite material obtained are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
21g of BN powder having a median particle size of 0.5 μm and 50g of Si having a median particle size of 0.5 μm were weighed out3N4Powder, 5g of beta-Si having an average diameter of 0.2 μm and an average length of 3 μm3N410g of SiC fibers having an average diameter of 10 μm and an average length of 1mm, and 10g of Y having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Powder and 4g of Al having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 100g of silicon nitride grinding balls into the powder, and performing rolling ball milling for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min to prepare uniform and stable slurry.
And drying the slurry at 50-80 ℃ for 3 hours, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain mixture powder.
And (3) dry-pressing the mixture powder raw material obtained in the previous step into a specified shape by adopting a steel die at the pressure of 20MPa, performing cold isostatic pressing treatment at 200MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 10 minutes to obtain a ceramic blank.
Sintering the ceramic blank in a high temperature furnace, introducing N2Raising the temperature to 1750 ℃ at the temperature of 10 ℃/min in the atmosphere, preserving the temperature for 2 hours, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the required ceramic material.
The raw material components required for this example and the properties of the composite material obtained are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
21g of BN powder having a median particle size of 0.5 μm and 50g of Si having a median particle size of 0.5 μm were weighed out3N4Powder, 5g of beta-Si having an average diameter of 0.2 μm and an average length of 3 μm3N410g of SiC fibers having an average diameter of 10 μm and an average length of 1mm, and 10g of Y having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Powder and 4g of Al having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 100g of silicon nitride grinding balls into the powder, and performing rolling ball milling for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min to prepare uniform and stable slurry.
And drying the slurry at 50-80 ℃ for 3 hours, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain mixture powder.
And (3) dry-pressing the mixture powder raw material obtained in the previous step into a specified shape by adopting a steel die at the pressure of 20MPa, performing cold isostatic pressing treatment at 200MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 10 minutes to obtain a ceramic blank.
Sintering the ceramic blank in a pressure sintering furnace, introducing N2The atmosphere is 1MPa, the temperature is raised to 1750 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and then the ceramic material is obtained after furnace cooling.
The raw material components required for this example and the properties of the composite material obtained are shown in Table 1.
Example 4
2g of BN powder having a median particle size of 0.5 μm and 85g of Si having a median particle size of 0.5 μm were weighed out3N4Powder, 2g of beta-Si having an average diameter of 0.2 μm and an average length of 3 μm3N4Whiskers, 4g of SiC fibers having an average diameter of 10 μm and an average length of 1mm, 5g of Y having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Powder and 2g of Al having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 100g of silicon nitride grinding balls into the powder, and performing rolling ball milling for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min to prepare uniform and stable slurry.
And drying the slurry at 50-80 ℃ for 3 hours, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain mixture powder.
Filling the mixture powder into a hot-pressing die, putting the hot-pressing die into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and introducing N2Raising the temperature to 1750 ℃ at the temperature of 10 ℃/min, applying the hot pressing pressure of 20MPa, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 hours, then relieving the pressure and reducing the temperature, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the required silicon nitride-based composite material.
The raw material components required for this example and the properties of the composite material obtained are shown in Table 1.
Example 5
20g of BN powder having a median particle size of 0.5 μm and 50g of Si having a median particle size of 0.5 μm were weighed out3N4Powder, 3g of beta-Si having an average diameter of 0.2 μm and an average length of 3 μm3N4Whiskers, 15g of SiC fibers having an average diameter of 10 μm and an average length of 1mm, 8g of Y having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Powder and 4g of Al having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 100g of silicon nitride grinding balls into the powder, and performing rolling ball milling for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min to prepare uniform and stable slurry.
And drying the slurry at 50-80 ℃ for 3 hours, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain mixture powder.
Filling the mixture powder into a hot-pressing die, putting the hot-pressing die into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and introducing N2Raising the temperature to 1750 ℃ at the temperature of 10 ℃/min, applying the hot pressing pressure of 20MPa, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 hours, then relieving the pressure and reducing the temperature, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the required silicon nitride-based composite material.
The raw material components required for this example and the properties of the composite material obtained are shown in Table 1.
Example 6
35g of BN powder having a median particle size of 0.5 μm and 45g of Si having a median particle size of 0.5 μm were weighed out3N4Powder, 2g of beta-Si having an average diameter of 0.2 μm and an average length of 3 μm3N44g of SiC fibers having an average diameter of 10 μm and an average length of 1mm, and 9g of Y having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Powder and 5g of Al having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 100g of silicon nitride grinding balls into the powder, and performing rolling ball milling for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min to prepare uniform and stable slurry.
And drying the slurry at 50-80 ℃ for 3 hours, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain mixture powder.
Filling the mixture powder into a hot-pressing die, putting the hot-pressing die into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and introducing N2Raising the temperature to 1750 ℃ at the temperature of 10 ℃/min, applying the hot pressing pressure of 20MPa, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 hours, then relieving the pressure and reducing the temperature, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the required silicon nitride-based composite material.
The raw material components required for this example and the properties of the composite material obtained are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
25.5g of BN powder having a median particle size of 0.5 μm and 60.5g of Si having a median particle size of 0.5 μm were weighed out3N4Powder, 10g of Y having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Powder and 4g of Al having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 100g of silicon nitride grinding balls into the powder, and performing rolling ball milling for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min to prepare uniform and stable slurry.
And drying the slurry at 50-80 ℃ for 3 hours, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain mixture powder.
And (3) dry-pressing the mixture powder raw material obtained in the previous step into a specified shape by adopting a steel die at the pressure of 20MPa, performing cold isostatic pressing treatment at 200MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 10 minutes to obtain a ceramic blank.
Sintering the ceramic blank in a high temperature furnace, introducing N2Raising the temperature to 1750 ℃ at the temperature of 10 ℃/min in the atmosphere, preserving the temperature for 2 hours, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the required ceramic material.
The raw material components required for this comparative example and the properties of the composite material obtained are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
86g of Si with a median particle size of 0.5 μm were weighed3N4Powder, 10g of Y having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Powder and 4g of Al having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 100g of silicon nitride grinding balls into the powder, and performing rolling ball milling for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min to prepare uniform and stable slurry.
And drying the slurry at 50-80 ℃ for 3 hours, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain mixture powder.
And (3) dry-pressing the mixture powder raw material obtained in the previous step into a specified shape by adopting a steel die at the pressure of 20MPa, performing cold isostatic pressing treatment at 200MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 10 minutes to obtain a ceramic blank.
Sintering the ceramic blank in a pressure sintering furnace, introducing N2The atmosphere is 1MPa, the temperature is raised to 1750 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and then the ceramic material is obtained after furnace cooling.
The raw material components required for this comparative example and the properties of the composite material obtained are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 3
71g of Si with a median particle size of 0.5 μm were weighed3N4Powder, 5g of beta-Si having an average diameter of 0.2 μm and an average length of 3 μm3N410g of SiC fibers having an average diameter of 10 μm and an average length of 1mm, and 10g of Y having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Powder and 4g of Al having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 100g of silicon nitride grinding balls into the powder, and performing rolling ball milling for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min to prepare uniform and stable slurry.
And drying the slurry at 50-80 ℃ for 3 hours, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain mixture powder.
And (3) dry-pressing the mixture powder raw material obtained in the previous step into a specified shape by adopting a steel die at the pressure of 20MPa, performing cold isostatic pressing treatment at 200MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 10 minutes to obtain a ceramic blank.
Sintering the ceramic blank in a pressure sintering furnace, introducing N2The atmosphere is 1MPa, the temperature is raised to 1750 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and then the ceramic material is obtained after furnace cooling.
The raw material components required for this comparative example and the properties of the composite material obtained are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 4
21g of BN powder having a median particle size of 0.5 μm and 50g of Si having a median particle size of 0.5 μm were weighed out3N4Powder, 15g of beta-Si having an average diameter of 0.2 μm and an average length of 3 μm3N4Whiskers, 10g of Y having a median particle size of 1 μm2O3Powder and 4g of Al having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 100g of silicon nitride grinding balls into the powder, and performing rolling ball milling for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min to prepare uniform and stable slurry.
And drying the slurry at 50-80 ℃ for 3 hours, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain mixture powder.
Filling the mixture powder into a hot-pressing die, putting the hot-pressing die into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and introducing N2Heating to 1700 ℃ at the temperature of 10 ℃/min in the atmosphere, applying hot pressing pressure of 20MPa, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 hours, then decompressing and cooling, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the required silicon nitride-based composite material.
The raw material components required for this comparative example and the properties of the composite material obtained are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 5
21g of BN powder having a median particle size of 0.5 μm and 50g of Si having a median particle size of 0.5 μm were weighed out3N4Powder, 15g of SiC fibers having an average diameter of 10 μm and an average length of 1mm, and 10g of Y having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Powder and 4g of Al having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 100g of silicon nitride grinding balls into the powder, and performing rolling ball milling for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min to prepare uniform and stable slurry.
And drying the slurry at 50-80 ℃ for 3 hours, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain mixture powder.
Filling the mixture powder into a hot-pressing die, putting the hot-pressing die into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and introducing N2Heating to 1700 ℃ at the temperature of 10 ℃/min in the atmosphere, applying hot pressing pressure of 20MPa, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 hours, then decompressing and cooling, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the required silicon nitride-based composite material.
The raw material components required for this comparative example and the properties of the composite material obtained are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 6
21g of BN powder having a median particle size of 0.5 μm and 50g of Si having a median particle size of 0.5 μm were weighed out3N4Powder, 10g of beta-Si having an average diameter of 0.2 μm and an average length of 3 μm3N4Whiskers, 5g of SiC fibers having an average diameter of 10 μm and an average length of 1mm, 10g of Y having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Powder and 4g of Al having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 100g of silicon nitride grinding balls into the powder, and performing rolling ball milling for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min to prepare uniform and stable slurry.
And drying the slurry at 50-80 ℃ for 3 hours, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain mixture powder.
Filling the mixture powder into a hot-pressing die, putting the hot-pressing die into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and introducing N2Heating to 1700 ℃ at the temperature of 10 ℃/min in the atmosphere, applying hot pressing pressure of 20MPa, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 hours, then decompressing and cooling, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the required silicon nitride-based composite material.
The raw material components required for this comparative example and the properties of the composite material obtained are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 7
21g of BN powder having a median particle size of 0.5 μm and 50g of Si having a median particle size of 0.5 μm were weighed out3N4Powder, 1g of beta-Si having an average diameter of 0.2 μm and an average length of 3 μm3N4Whiskers, 14g of SiC fibers having an average diameter of 10 μm and an average length of 1mm, 10g of Y having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Powder and 4g of Al having a median particle diameter of 1 μm2O3Adding 100g of absolute ethyl alcohol and 100g of silicon nitride grinding balls into the powder, and performing rolling ball milling for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min to prepare uniform and stable slurry.
And drying the slurry at 50-80 ℃ for 3 hours, and sieving the dried slurry with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain mixture powder.
Filling the mixture powder into a hot-pressing die, putting the hot-pressing die into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, and introducing N2Heating to 1700 ℃ at the temperature of 10 ℃/min in the atmosphere, applying hot pressing pressure of 20MPa, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 2 hours, then decompressing and cooling, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the required silicon nitride-based composite material.
The raw material components required for this comparative example and the properties of the composite material obtained are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Components and Properties of the materials prepared in the examples
Figure BDA0002404613230000101
Note: noise high > medium > low > none
As can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples, the material system containing BN can significantly reduce the friction noise during friction process, and at the same time contains a certain proportion of beta-Si3N4The whisker and the SiC fiber can have excellent mechanical property and wear resistance; comparative example 1 with only BN and no addition of beta-Si3N4Whiskers and SiC fibers, although the frictional noise is low, the amount of wear of the material is high; comparative example 2 does not contain BN and beta-Si3N4Whiskers and SiC fibers, the material abrasion amount is low, but the friction noise is high; BN is not contained in comparative example 3Containing only beta-Si3N4Whiskers and SiC fibers, although the amount of material wear is low, the friction noise is high; comparative example 4 contains BN and beta-Si3N4The crystal whisker does not contain SiC fiber, and although the friction noise is low, the abrasion loss of the material is higher; comparative example 5 contains BN and SiC fibers and does not contain beta-Si3N4Whiskers, although having low frictional noise, have a high material wear; comparative examples 6 and 7 contain BN, SiC fibers and beta-Si3N4Whiskers, although having the advantages of low abrasion loss and low frictional noise, had higher abrasion loss than example 1, indicating unreasonable SiC fibers and β -Si3N4The reinforcing effect produced by the proportion of the whiskers is not good.

Claims (10)

1. Si3N4Ceramic-based friction material, characterized in that it is made of Si3N4Powder, BN powder, beta-Si3N4The crystal whisker, the ceramic fiber and the metal oxide powder are used as main raw materials and are prepared by uniformly mixing and sintering, wherein in the raw materials, Si3N445-92% of powder, 2-40% of BN powder and beta-Si3N42-10% of whisker, 2-20% of ceramic fiber, 2-15% of metal oxide and beta-Si3N4The mass ratio of the crystal whisker to the ceramic fiber is 1: (1-10); wherein, beta-Si3N4The average diameter of the crystal whisker is 0.1-5 μm, and the average length is 0.3-20 μm; the average diameter of the ceramic fiber is 0.1-100 μm, and the average length is 100 μm-1 cm.
2. Si according to claim 13N4Ceramic-based friction material, characterized in that said ceramic fibers are selected from Si3N4、SiC、BN、Al3O4、SiO2One or a combination of several of the fibers.
3. Si according to claim 13N4Ceramic-based friction material, characterized in that said metal oxide powderThe body is selected from Al2O3、MgO、Y2O3、Sc2O3、Sm2O3、Lu2O3、Er2O3One or a combination of several of them.
4. Si according to claim 13N4Ceramic-based friction material, characterized in that Si3N4The average particle size of the powder is 0.2-10 mu m; the average grain diameter of the BN powder is 0.05-20 mu m; the metal oxide powder has an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 20 μm.
5. Si according to claim 13N4The ceramic-based friction material is characterized in that the sintering method is hot-pressing sintering, pressureless sintering or air pressure sintering.
6. Si according to any one of claims 1 to 43N4The preparation method of the ceramic-based friction material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a) weighing Si according to the proportion3N4Powder, BN powder, beta-Si3N4Whiskers, ceramic fibers, and metal oxide powders;
b) ball milling to uniformly mix the powder to prepare raw material powder;
b) and pouring the raw material powder obtained in the previous step into a mould for hot-pressing sintering, wherein the hot-pressing pressure is 5-50 MPa, the sintering temperature is 1500-1750 ℃, the sintering time is 1-4 hours, and the environment atmosphere is nitrogen.
7. Si according to any one of claims 1 to 43N4The preparation method of the ceramic-based friction material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a) weighing Si according to the proportion3N4Powder, BN powder, beta-Si3N4Whiskers, ceramic fibers, and metal oxide powders;
b) ball milling to uniformly mix the powder to prepare raw material powder;
c) pressing and molding the raw material powder obtained in the previous step, and performing cold isostatic pressing treatment to obtain a ceramic blank;
d) and carrying out pressureless sintering on the ceramic blank, wherein the sintering temperature is 1500-1750 ℃, the sintering time is 1-4 hours, and the environment atmosphere is nitrogen.
8. Si according to any one of claims 1 to 43N4The preparation method of the ceramic-based friction material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a) weighing Si according to the proportion3N4Powder, BN powder, beta-Si3N4Whiskers, ceramic fibers, and metal oxide powders;
b) ball milling to uniformly mix the powder to prepare raw material powder;
c) pressing and molding the raw material powder obtained in the previous step, and performing cold isostatic pressing treatment to obtain a ceramic blank;
d) and (3) putting the ceramic blank into a furnace for air pressure sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 1500-1850 ℃, the sintering time is 1-4 hours, the air pressure is 0.1-10 MPa, and the environment atmosphere is nitrogen.
9. The preparation method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the pressing method is dry pressing, and the dry pressing pressure is 10-100 MPa; the cold isostatic pressure is 50-400 MPa.
10. A wear-resistant structural member, characterized in that Si according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used3N4And (3) preparing the ceramic-based friction material.
CN202010157499.2A 2020-03-09 2020-03-09 Low-noise silicon nitride ceramic-based friction material and preparation method and application thereof Active CN111302810B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010157499.2A CN111302810B (en) 2020-03-09 2020-03-09 Low-noise silicon nitride ceramic-based friction material and preparation method and application thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010157499.2A CN111302810B (en) 2020-03-09 2020-03-09 Low-noise silicon nitride ceramic-based friction material and preparation method and application thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111302810A CN111302810A (en) 2020-06-19
CN111302810B true CN111302810B (en) 2021-04-16

Family

ID=71162054

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010157499.2A Active CN111302810B (en) 2020-03-09 2020-03-09 Low-noise silicon nitride ceramic-based friction material and preparation method and application thereof

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111302810B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111779782B (en) * 2020-07-20 2021-10-01 杭州安耐特实业有限公司 High-stability friction-resistant brake pad and production process thereof
CN114180971A (en) * 2021-12-27 2022-03-15 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Silicon nitride complex phase ceramic with low friction coefficient and preparation method and application thereof

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62124244A (en) * 1985-11-21 1987-06-05 Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd Brake rotor made of fiber-reinforced aluminum alloy and its production
EP0225252A1 (en) * 1985-11-21 1987-06-10 Automobiles Peugeot Process for the manufacture of a ceramic-ceramic composite material
CN1030402A (en) * 1987-07-06 1989-01-18 国家建筑材料工业局山东工业陶瓷研究设计院 Silicon nitride/boron nitride composite and manufacture method thereof
CN101113204A (en) * 2007-07-17 2008-01-30 李军魂 Formula of ceramic radical friction material for automobile braking friction facing
CN101514251A (en) * 2009-03-19 2009-08-26 福州大学 Vehicle braking composite material reinforced by confusion of natural fiber and crystal whisker and preparing method thereof
CN103059806A (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-04-24 瑞阳汽车零部件（仙桃）有限公司 Friction material composition for ceramic brake pad
CN108117396A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-06-05 陕西科技大学 The preparation method of biomedical ceramics material based on silicon nitride
CN109595279A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-04-09 深圳市智雅墨族科技有限公司 The preparation method of the nanometer enhanced carbon-silicon carbide brake material of servo

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06287070A (en) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-11 Toshiba Corp Composite reinforced ceramics
DE69414689T2 (en) * 1994-03-29 1999-04-08 Euratom Composite materials for sliding purposes, processes for their manufacture and use
DE19944345A1 (en) * 1999-09-16 2001-03-22 Sgl Technik Gmbh Composite material reinforced with fibers and / or fiber bundles with a ceramic matrix
CN100346903C (en) * 2005-12-26 2007-11-07 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for improving quality of extrusion casting metal base composite
CN101164993B (en) * 2006-10-16 2010-08-18 宁波大学 Method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic composition containing fibre and whisker
CN104086203B (en) * 2014-07-14 2015-07-01 西北工业大学 Preparation method of crystal whisker/fiber synergic reinforced ceramic-base composite material
CN106492273B (en) * 2016-11-24 2019-09-17 暨南大学 A kind of dual enhancing Biodegradable polyester fibrous composite of chitin whisker/chitosan nano fiber and the preparation method and application thereof
CN109136606B (en) * 2017-06-27 2020-10-23 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Enhanced self-lubricating copper-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof
CN110317073B (en) * 2019-07-09 2022-02-11 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 Preparation method of multi-stage fiber synergistic toughened antioxidant ceramic matrix composite material

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62124244A (en) * 1985-11-21 1987-06-05 Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd Brake rotor made of fiber-reinforced aluminum alloy and its production
EP0225252A1 (en) * 1985-11-21 1987-06-10 Automobiles Peugeot Process for the manufacture of a ceramic-ceramic composite material
CN1030402A (en) * 1987-07-06 1989-01-18 国家建筑材料工业局山东工业陶瓷研究设计院 Silicon nitride/boron nitride composite and manufacture method thereof
CN101113204A (en) * 2007-07-17 2008-01-30 李军魂 Formula of ceramic radical friction material for automobile braking friction facing
CN101514251A (en) * 2009-03-19 2009-08-26 福州大学 Vehicle braking composite material reinforced by confusion of natural fiber and crystal whisker and preparing method thereof
CN103059806A (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-04-24 瑞阳汽车零部件（仙桃）有限公司 Friction material composition for ceramic brake pad
CN108117396A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-06-05 陕西科技大学 The preparation method of biomedical ceramics material based on silicon nitride
CN109595279A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-04-09 深圳市智雅墨族科技有限公司 The preparation method of the nanometer enhanced carbon-silicon carbide brake material of servo

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN111302810A (en) 2020-06-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN105778406B (en) Automobile-used copper-base powder metallurgy composite friction material and preparation method thereof
CN111302810B (en) Low-noise silicon nitride ceramic-based friction material and preparation method and application thereof
CN108412924B (en) A kind of multi-layer compound structure ceramic brake sheet material and preparation method thereof
CN110923498B (en) Copper-based powder metallurgy friction material containing metal carbide and metal oxide composite ceramic friction component and preparation method thereof
CN105778405B (en) Automobile-used ferrous based powder metallurgical composite friction material and preparation method thereof
CN111892415A (en) Silicon carbide whisker/alumina ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof
CN108863396B (en) Silicon nitride-based continuous functional gradient ceramic ball and preparation method and application thereof
Liu et al. Synergistically toughening effect of SiC whiskers and nanoparticles in Al 2 O 3-based composite ceramic cutting tool material
CN113234954A (en) Copper-based powder metallurgy friction material and preparation method thereof
CN111943684A (en) Novel ceramic bearing composite material
CN111943702A (en) In-situ synthesized beta-SIALON whisker toughened tungsten carbide composite material and preparation method and application thereof
CN108314455B (en) Silicon carbide ceramic and preparation method and application thereof
CN100347133C (en) Composite reinforced quartz-base composite material with carbon fibre and silicon carbide granule and production thereof
CN113880557A (en) AL2O3-cBN-based ceramic cutting tool material and method for producing the same
CN111172443B (en) High-comprehensive-performance hard alloy cutter material and preparation method thereof
CN110981489A (en) TiNx-Ti3SiC2Composite material and preparation method thereof
WO2020090725A1 (en) Sintered friction material and method for producing sintered friction material
CN110877980A (en) High-strength silicon carbide/silicon nitride composite ceramic and preparation method thereof
CN108503370A (en) A kind of single-phase silicon nitride ceramics and its SPS preparation processes
CN114195538A (en) Preparation method of compact hexagonal boron nitride ceramic material
CN108644233A (en) A kind of full working scope high abrasion sliding bearing and preparation method thereof
CN112996878B (en) Sintered friction material and method for producing sintered friction material
CN109516814B (en) Si3N4/SiC complex phase ceramic material and preparation method thereof
JP5824316B2 (en) Friction material
JPH1143372A (en) Silicon nitride-based ceramic and its production

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant