CN111296725A - Application of cellulose microspheres and feed - Google Patents

Application of cellulose microspheres and feed Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111296725A
CN111296725A CN202010142330.XA CN202010142330A CN111296725A CN 111296725 A CN111296725 A CN 111296725A CN 202010142330 A CN202010142330 A CN 202010142330A CN 111296725 A CN111296725 A CN 111296725A
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feed
cellulose microspheres
cellulose
vomitoxin
microspheres
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王国珍
何栩
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Wuhan Polytechnic University
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Wuhan Polytechnic University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
    • A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
    • A23L5/273—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption using adsorption or absorption agents, resins, synthetic polymers, or ion exchangers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28016—Particle form
    • B01J20/28021—Hollow particles, e.g. hollow spheres, microspheres or cenospheres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses application of cellulose microspheres and a feed, and relates to the technical field of breeding. The invention particularly discloses application of cellulose microspheres in adsorption of vomitoxin. The invention also provides a feed, which comprises a feed carrier and cellulose microspheres, wherein the mass fraction of the cellulose microspheres in the feed is 0.1-0.5%. In the technical scheme provided by the invention, the efficient adsorption capacity of the cellulose microspheres to vomitoxin is found, a new adsorbent is provided for removing the vomitoxin, and a new application approach is developed for the cellulose microspheres.

Description

Application of cellulose microspheres and feed
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of breeding, and particularly relates to application of cellulose microspheres and feed.
Background
Vomitoxin is also known as Deoxynivalenol (DON), is a toxic metabolite produced by fusarium and the like, and belongs to trichothecene compounds. Because vomitoxin has high cytotoxin and immunosuppressive property, the pollution to grains is very common, and the grains are one of the important raw materials for preparing the feed. Animals such as cattle, sheep and pigs, when ingested with feed contaminated with DON, exhibit the characteristics of stunting, reduction in resistance and impaired productivity, and in severe cases, cause these animals to lose their lives.
The adsorption method, namely adding a mycotoxin adsorbent into the feed for detoxification is a detoxification method which is widely applied at present, common mycotoxin adsorbents comprise attapulgite, bentonite, zeolite and the like, but the mycotoxin adsorbents such as the attapulgite, the bentonite, the zeolite and the like only have a good adsorption effect on Aflatoxin (AFB), and the adsorption rate on DON is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide application of cellulose microspheres and feed, and aims to provide a novel vomitoxin adsorbent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an application of cellulose microspheres in adsorption of vomitoxin.
Optionally, the particle size of the cellulose microsphere is 20-450 μm; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the cellulose microsphere has a pore diameter of 1-80 nm and a porosity of 70-90%.
Optionally, the use of said cellulose microspheres in the preparation of a feed and/or feed additive and/or feed premix and/or feed concentrate.
Optionally, the application of the cellulose microspheres in preparing feed comprises the following steps:
crushing feed raw materials, adding cellulose microspheres, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed material;
and granulating the mixed material to obtain the detoxified feed.
Optionally, after the feed raw material is crushed, adding cellulose microspheres, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed material, wherein the mass fraction of the cellulose microspheres in the mixed material is 0.1-0.5%.
Optionally, the step of adding the cellulose microspheres after crushing the feed raw materials, and stirring and mixing to form a mixed material comprises:
crushing feed raw materials, adding cellulose microspheres, and stirring to form a solid matter;
and adding the solid matter into a mixer, and mixing at the rotating speed of 450-500 rpm and the temperature of 75-80 ℃ for 45-60 min to obtain a mixed material.
Optionally, in the step of granulating the mixed material to obtain the detoxified feed, the modulation temperature is 80-85 ℃ during granulation.
Optionally, the use of the cellulose microspheres for reducing the accumulation of vomitoxin in plants.
Optionally, the application of the cellulose microspheres in reducing the accumulation of vomitoxin in plants comprises the following steps:
mixing cellulose microspheres and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 500-1500, and stirring for 2-6 hours at the rotating speed of 100-200 rpm to obtain a cellulose microsphere solution;
and uniformly spraying the cellulose microsphere solution on the surface of plant leaves until the plant leaves are uniformly wetted.
The invention also provides a feed, which comprises a feed carrier and cellulose microspheres, wherein the mass fraction of the cellulose microspheres in the feed is 0.1-0.5%.
In the technical scheme provided by the invention, the efficient adsorption capacity of the cellulose microspheres to vomitoxin is found, a new adsorbent is provided for removing the vomitoxin, and a new application approach is developed for the cellulose microspheres.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments.
It should be noted that those whose specific conditions are not specified in the examples were performed according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout includes three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" including either A or B or both A and B. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The adsorption method, namely adding a mycotoxin adsorbent into the feed for detoxification is a detoxification method which is widely applied at present, common mycotoxin adsorbents comprise attapulgite, bentonite, zeolite and the like, but the mycotoxin adsorbents such as the attapulgite, the bentonite, the zeolite and the like only have a good adsorption effect on Aflatoxin (AFB), and the adsorption rate on DON is insufficient.
In view of this, the invention provides an application of cellulose microspheres in adsorption of vomitoxin.
The cellulose microspheres prepared from the cellulose raw material have rich pore structures and high specific surface areas, are rich in heavy metal adsorption active functional groups and adsorption sites, and have strong adsorption performance, so that the cellulose microspheres have high-efficiency adsorption capacity on vomitoxin. And the cellulose is the first big biomass resource in nature, is natural and renewable, and has the advantages of wide source, low price, easy biodegradation, no pollution to the environment and the like, so that the cellulose microsphere not only has high adsorption efficiency, but also has low production cost and small environmental pollution. The cellulose microspheres can be purchased from the market or prepared by themselves.
In this embodiment, the particle size distribution range of the cellulose microspheres is preferably 20 μm to 450 μm; the pore diameter of the cellulose microsphere is preferably 1-80 nm, and the porosity is preferably 70-90%.
The cellulose microsphere provided by the invention has the effect of efficiently adsorbing vomitoxin, and can be used for adsorbing the vomitoxin contained in food and feed. Specifically, the cellulose microspheres can be used as one of feed raw material components for preparing feed; can also be directly added into feed as feed additive; can also be mixed with other feed additives or feed raw materials to prepare concentrated feed or premix to be added into feed. The feed additive can be any one or more of conventional feed additives in the field of feeds such as nutritional additives, flavoring agents, insect repellents and the like, and the feed raw materials can be any one or more of feed substances which are used for processing and manufacturing feeds but do not belong to the feed additives, such as grains, soybeans, bean pulp, corns, grains and the like. The feed comprises livestock and poultry feed or aquatic feed.
When the cellulose microspheres are used for preparing feed as one of the feed raw material components, the preparation method can comprise the following steps:
and step S10, crushing the feed raw materials, adding cellulose microspheres, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed material.
Wherein in the mixed material, the mass fraction of the cellulose microspheres is 0.1-0.5%. Therefore, the vomitoxin in the feed can be fully adsorbed, and unnecessary waste caused by excessive addition of the cellulose microspheres can be avoided.
In a specific implementation, step S10 may include:
step S11, crushing the feed raw materials, adding cellulose microspheres, and stirring to form a solid matter;
and step S12, adding the solid matter into a mixer, and mixing at the rotating speed of 450-500 rpm and the temperature of 75-80 ℃ for 45-60 min to obtain a mixed material.
And step S20, granulating the mixed material to obtain the detoxified feed.
Wherein, during the granulation, the modulation temperature is 80-85 ℃.
In addition, the cellulose microspheres provided by the invention can also be used for adsorbing the vomitoxin gradually accumulated in the plant growth process, so that the accumulation amount of the vomitoxin in the plant is reduced. Specifically, when the cellulose microspheres are used for reducing the accumulation of vomitoxin in plants, the using method comprises the following steps:
step S100, mixing cellulose microspheres and water according to a weight ratio of 1: 500-1500, and stirring at a rotating speed of 100-200 rpm for 2-6 hours to obtain a cellulose microsphere solution;
and S200, uniformly spraying the cellulose microsphere solution on the surface of plant leaves until the plant leaves are uniformly wetted.
Based on the new application of the cellulose microspheres, the invention further provides a feed, the feed comprises a feed carrier and the cellulose microspheres, and the mass fraction of the cellulose microspheres in the feed is 0.1-0.5%. The feed carrier can be conventional carriers in the feed field such as corn starch, wheat bran, defatted rice bran, soybean meal, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide or zeolite powder, and thus, the cellulose microspheres can be carried, and the caking phenomenon during material mixing is avoided.
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, which should be understood as merely illustrative and not limitative.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of cellulose microspheres
(1) Dissolving 4.2g of cellulose linter pulp in 100g of LiOH pre-cooled to-12.6 ℃, mixed liquid of urea and water (the mass of the LiOH, the urea and the water is 4.6g, 15g and 80.4g respectively), stirring until the cellulose linter pulp is completely dissolved, and then carrying out centrifugal defoaming treatment at the temperature of 5 ℃ to obtain a cellulose solution with the cellulose mass fraction of 4%.
(2) Adding 1-10 ml of epoxy chloropropane into 100-300 g of cellulose solution at the temperature of-12 to-6 ℃, and stirring for 0.5-2 h to uniformly disperse the epoxy chloropropane to obtain a mixed solution; adding 45-180 g of span 80 and 225-900 g of isooctane into a three-neck flask in ice-water bath at the temperature of 0 ℃, stirring at the rotating speed of 500-1300 r/min for 30min to uniformly disperse, then stirring at the rotating speed of 600-1300 r/min while adding the mixed solution, stirring for 30min, removing the ice bath, continuing stirring for 2-3 h, and filtering to obtain the microspheres. Washing with ethanol and deionized water, performing tert-butanol replacement, and freeze drying to obtain cellulose microsphere which can be stored in a dryer.
The cellulose microspheres prepared in example 1 have a particle size distribution of 20-450 μm, a pore diameter of 10-50 nm and a porosity of 70-85% as detected by a laser particle sizer.
EXAMPLE 2 adsorption Properties of cellulose microspheres
Preparing a vomitoxin solution with the concentration of 100 mug/mL, correspondingly adding 5mg of the cellulose microspheres prepared in the example 1 into every 2mL of the vomitoxin solution, magnetically stirring for 24 hours at normal temperature at the rotating speed of 500rpm, separating the microspheres after stirring, and detecting the content of the vomitoxin in the filtrate, wherein the results are shown in the following table 1. Meanwhile, attapulgite and montmorillonite are used as control groups.
TABLE 1 concentration of vomitoxin solution before and after adsorbent treatment
Figure BDA0002398788500000051
As can be seen from Table 1, the concentrations of vomitoxin in the filtrate were all reduced after treatment with the cellulose microspheres, attapulgite and montmorillonite, and the adsorption rate of the cellulose microspheres was significantly higher than that of the attapulgite and montmorillonite.
Example 3
A solution of vomitoxin was prepared at a concentration of 100. mu.g/mL. 1000g of basal feed of the same batch is selected, according to the addition of 2ml of vomitoxin solution in every 100g of basal feed, the vomitoxin solution is uniformly sprayed on the basal feed and is uniformly stirred, and then the basal feed is placed for standby.
Piglet feed was prepared according to table 2 below, in which cellulose microspheres were prepared according to example 1. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding an adsorbent into the basic feed, stirring to form a solid, adding into a mixer, and mixing at the rotating speed of 450-500 rpm and the temperature of 75-80 ℃ for 45-60 min to obtain a mixed material. And granulating the mixed material at 80-85 ℃ to obtain the detoxified feed. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
TABLE 2 piglet feed proportioning table
Figure BDA0002398788500000061
The content of vomitoxin in the basal feed is detected and recorded. Then, the feeds treated by the control group and the experimental group were placed in an environment with a humidity of 65% at 35 ℃ for 24 hours, and then the contents of vomitoxin in the feeds were measured again and recorded as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 content Change of vomitoxin before and after treatment of the feed with the adsorbent
Figure BDA0002398788500000062
As can be seen from table 3 above, the content of vomitoxin in each feed after adsorption treatment is lower than that in the blank control group, and after the feed is placed in the same environment for 24 hours, the content of vomitoxin in the experimental group is obviously lower than that in the control group.
Example 4
Selecting seven blocks with the area of 4m2The wheat field of (2) was used as a subject.
Preparing a vomitoxin solution with the concentration of 100 mug/mL for later use; mixing cellulose microspheres and water according to the weight ratio of 1:500, 1:800, 1:1000 and 1:1500 respectively, and stirring at the rotating speed of 100-200 rpm for 2-6 hours to obtain a cellulose microsphere solution for later use; mixing attapulgite and water according to the weight ratio of 1:500 to prepare attapulgite suspension for later use; mixing montmorillonite and water at a weight ratio of 1:500 to obtain montmorillonite suspension.
According to 10g/m2The vomitoxin solution is evenly sprayed on the leaves of the wheat, and then timing is started. After 24h, 10 wheat plants were tested for vomitoxin content and the average was recorded in table 4. Then, uniformly spraying an adsorbent solution on the leaves of the wheat until the surfaces of the leaves are uniformly wetted. After 48h, 10 wheat plants were again tested for vomitoxin content and the average value is reported in table 4. Meanwhile, a blank control group was set.
TABLE 4 variation of emetic toxin content in wheat leaves
Figure BDA0002398788500000071
It can be seen from table 4 above that, after the wheat contaminated by vomitoxin is adsorbed, the content of vomitoxin in the wheat is lower than that in the blank control group, and after the wheat is treated in the same environment for the same time, the content of vomitoxin in the experimental group is obviously lower than that in the control group.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Application of cellulose microsphere in adsorbing vomitoxin is provided.
2. The use of the cellulose microspheres of claim 1 for adsorbing vomitoxin, wherein the particle size of the cellulose microspheres is 20-450 μm; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the cellulose microsphere has a pore diameter of 1-80 nm and a porosity of 70-90%.
3. Use of cellulose microspheres according to claim 1 for the adsorption of vomitoxin, wherein the use of cellulose microspheres for the preparation of feed and/or feed additive and/or feed premix and/or feed concentrate.
4. The use of cellulose microspheres according to claim 3 for the adsorption of vomitoxin, wherein the use of cellulose microspheres in the preparation of feed comprises the steps of:
crushing feed raw materials, adding cellulose microspheres, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed material;
and granulating the mixed material to obtain the detoxified feed.
5. The application of the cellulose microspheres in adsorbing vomitoxin according to claim 4, wherein in the step of crushing feed raw materials, adding the cellulose microspheres, stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed material, the mass fraction of the cellulose microspheres in the mixed material is 0.1-0.5%.
6. The use of cellulose microspheres as claimed in claim 4 for adsorbing vomitoxin, wherein the step of adding cellulose microspheres after crushing the feed raw material, mixing and stirring to obtain a mixture comprises:
crushing feed raw materials, adding cellulose microspheres, and stirring to form a solid matter;
and adding the solid matter into a mixer, and mixing at the rotating speed of 450-500 rpm and the temperature of 75-80 ℃ for 45-60 min to obtain a mixed material.
7. The use of cellulose microspheres as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step of granulating the mixture to obtain a detoxified feed comprises adjusting the temperature of the mixture during granulating to 80-85 ℃.
8. The use of cellulose microspheres of claim 1 to adsorb vomitoxin, wherein said cellulose microspheres are used to reduce the accumulation of vomitoxin in a plant.
9. The use of cellulose microspheres of claim 8 for adsorbing emetic toxin, wherein the use of cellulose microspheres for reducing the accumulation of emetic toxin in a plant comprises the steps of:
mixing cellulose microspheres and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 500-1500, and stirring for 2-6 hours at the rotating speed of 100-200 rpm to obtain a cellulose microsphere solution;
and uniformly spraying the cellulose microsphere solution on the surface of plant leaves until the plant leaves are uniformly wetted.
10. The feed is characterized by comprising a feed carrier and cellulose microspheres, wherein the mass fraction of the cellulose microspheres in the feed is 0.1-0.5%.
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