CN111291437A - Method for designing waterfront park road based on GIS - Google Patents
Method for designing waterfront park road based on GIS Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a GIS-based waterfront park road design method, which specifically comprises the following steps: importing data into ArcGIS software; determining a service radius and defining a building in a service range as an object for counting the total cost of the distance to the park; determining the number and the positions of the park entrances; measuring and calculating the distance from each building to the nearest entrance; arranging a position to be selected crossing a water system structure; measuring and calculating the distance from an inlet to a position of a structure to be selected; calculating the total distance from the nearest entrance of each building approach to the position of the structure to be selected, summarizing, and selecting the position corresponding to the minimum value as the optimal position of the structure; and arranging a road, a waterfront road, other main roads and a secondary road between the entrance and the structure. The invention greatly reduces the accumulated distance cost of citizens in the service coverage area of the park from the building to the park entrance and reaching the park at the other side of the water system; traffic and tourism of garden path design are considered, and the requirements of convenience accessibility and tourism diversity of parks for citizens are met.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of urban greening and geographic information data processing, and particularly relates to a method for designing a waterfront park road based on a GIS.
Background art:
the waterfront park is built in water, meets the hydrophilic and self-life nature of people, and provides a green public service space for leisure, entertainment, fitness, social contact and cultural and educational activities. The method has important effects on improving air quality and promoting water environment ecological restoration, and is rapidly developed in recent years.
The design of the waterfront park road follows the general principles of openness, accessibility, hydrophilicity and continuity in the landscape planning design of the waterfront park and plays a role in organizing traffic and guiding tourism. The existing waterfront park road design mainly has the following defects: firstly, the tourism is taken as a single consideration factor, the principle of traffic is neglected, and the total accumulated distance cost of all citizens entering and visiting the park in the park service coverage area is not taken as an important basis for the design of park path planning; secondly, only the design of a garden path is considered, and the selection of the position of an important node of the garden path, namely the selection of the position of a park entrance and the selection of the position of a crossing water system structure (a bridge or a gallery road) are not considered; thirdly, the particularity that a water system flows through the park in a waterfront park is not considered, and the park is often divided into two parts, so that all citizens in a park service area do not enter the park from home in distance cost calculation, and then reach the other part of the park through a park road and a structure crossing the water system as a whole.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a GIS-based waterfront park road design method aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a GIS-based waterfront park road design method comprises the following steps:
step (1): importing geographic space data of a park to be designed, a water system flowing through the park, surrounding buildings and a road network into ArcGIS software, and uniformly converting the geographic space data into vector data and a same projection coordinate system;
step (2): determining a service radius d of the park;
and (3): in ArcGIS software, utilizing 'service area analysis' in a 'network analysis' module to obtain a service area range S which is at a distance d from the park on the basis of real road network data;
and (4) selecting the buildings in the range S as objects for counting the total cost of the distance to the park, wherein the number of the buildings is α, and each building is recorded as JiI e {1, 2,. said, α }, i.e., J1、J2、J3、...、Jα；；
Setting the number of park entrances and entrance positions, wherein the number of the entrances is β, and each park entrance is recorded as RjJ ∈ {1, 2., β }, i.e., R1、R2、R3、...、Rβ；
And (6): in ArcGIS software, building vector data is converted into point elements through an 'element point conversion' tool, and a 'nearest facility point analysis' tool is utilized to obtain a building JiTo its nearest park entrance RjIs counted as DijAnd outputting the data set;
and (7): setting up candidate positions crossing over the water system structure, wherein the number of the candidate positions is gamma, and recording the candidate positions of each structure as GkK ∈ {1, 2.,. gamma }, i.e., G ∈1、G2、G3、...，Gγ；
And (8): in ArcGIS software, each park entrance R is measured and calculatedjTo the position G of the structure to be selectedkAnd the inlet RjThe path distance at the boundary intersection of the side water system is calculated as Djk；
And (9): calculating Dik＝Dij+Djk；
Wherein D isikFor a single building JiRoute from its nearest publicRound entrance RjTotal distance to the intersection of the selected structure with the boundary of the inlet side water system, i.e. single building JiCorresponding to the position G of the structure to be selectedkDistance cost of (d);
step (10): calculating Dk＝m1D1k+m2D2k+...+mαDαk；
Wherein D iskFor all buildings JiRoute is from its nearest park entrance RjTo the position G of the structure to be selectedkThe total distance at the intersection with the boundary of the inlet-side water system, i.e. all buildings JiCorresponding to the position G of the structure to be selectedkDistance cost of (d); m isi(i e {1, 2.., α }) is a building JiThe corresponding population correction coefficient is used for better reflecting the distance cost of citizens in the park coverage area in the whole process of visiting the park;
step (11): gamma pieces of DkComparing the values of the two-dimensional space data, wherein the position of the structure to be selected corresponding to the minimum value is the best selection and is counted as G;
step (12): is provided with a connecting park entrance RjAnd a road at structure location G;
step (13): arranging a waterfront road and other main roads at the positions close to the water system on the two sides;
step (14): a secondary road is set.
Further, in the step (1), the park to be designed is a section of an independent park or a strip-shaped park.
Further, in the step (2), the park category is defined according to urban green land classification standard CJJ/T85-2017, and then the service radius d is determined according to the park category through national garden city series standard or local standard of the park location.
Further, in step (4), the building JiA residential building with a high demand for parks may be selected, or all buildings excluding industrial buildings with a low demand for parks may be selected.
Further, in step (5), the park entrance Rjβ and the position according to the park ruleAnd determining the distribution of the model and the road network, and arranging the model and the road network in a dense road network area.
Further, in the step (7), the structure may be a bridge or a plank road; position G of the structure to be selectedkSelecting according to the section width, landscape distribution and geological conditions of the water system; position G of the structure to be selectedkPoints may be selected at equal distances from the park section as the water flows through the park section to represent candidate locations.
Further, in the step (8), the position G of the structure to be selectedkWith the park entrance RjThe intersection points of the boundary of the side water system are as follows: passing through the position G of the structure to be selectedkMaking a straight line perpendicular to the water system, the straight line intersecting the boundary of the inlet side water system; the path distance is determined according to the actual situation, if the park entrance RjConnecting positions G of structures to be selectedkWith the park entrance RjIf there is no intersection between the line segment of the intersection of the side water system boundary and the water system boundary, the straight line distance between the two is Djk(ii) a If park entrance RjConnecting positions G of structures to be selectedkWith the park entrance RjThe intersection point of the line segment of the intersection point of the side water system boundary and the water system boundary is selectedjThe straight line passes through a first intersection point with the water system boundary and then reaches a position G corresponding to a structure to be selected along the water system boundarykThe distance between the water inlet side water system and the water inlet side water system is Djk。
Further, in the step (10), m isiCan be expressed by the product of the building area of each floor and the number of floors in the building; m isiAnd can also be simplified to 1.
Further, in step (12), the road is determined according to actual conditions, if the park entrance R isjConnecting positions G of structures to be selectedkSetting a line segment intersecting the inlet-side water system boundary as a road if the line segment does not intersect the water system boundary; if the line segment has an intersection with the water system boundary, the park entrance R is setjTaking a line segment to the first intersection point as a road; the road can be properly bent and changed according to the terrain elements and the aesthetic requirements.
Further, in the step (13), the other main roads are roads which are set based on the water-front road and the road in the step (12) according to actual requirements, so that park roads on two sides of the water system form rings respectively; in the step (14), the secondary road is a road which is further designed according to the density of the designed road and by combining terrain elements, touring requirements and road tortuosity changes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention greatly reduces the accumulated distance cost of citizens in the service coverage area of the park from the building to the park entrance and reaching the park at the other side of the water system; traffic and tourism of garden path design are considered, and the requirements of convenience accessibility and tourism diversity of parks for citizens are met.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a GIS-based waterfront park road design method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an alternative location of an entrance location across a water system structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a primary road and a secondary road route according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the drawings are: 1. a park is to be designed; 2. water systems flowing through parks; 3. non-industrial buildings within the park service footprint; 4. a point element representing a location of the building; 5. a road network; 6. an entry location; 7. crossing the position to be selected of the water system structure; 8. optimal positions for laying out structures; 9. a road connecting the entrance and the structure; 10. a waterfront road; 11. loops and secondary roads.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the invention provides a GIS-based waterfront park road design method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1): introducing geospatial data of a park to be designed, a water system flowing through the park, surrounding buildings and a road network into ArcGIS 10.1 software, and uniformly converting the geospatial data into vector data and the same projection coordinate system (Xiaoan _1980_3_ Degrid _ GK _ CM _ 120E); the park to be designed is an independent park;
step (2): determining a service radius d of the park; the park is divided into a tour according to 'classification standard of urban green land' CJJ/T85-2017, and the service radius d of the park is determined to be 400m according to 'special planning of development and protection of a Yangzhou city park system';
and (3): in ArcGIS 10.1 software, utilizing service area analysis in a network analysis module to obtain a service area range S which is 400m away from the park on the basis of real road network data;
and (4): selecting all non-industrial buildings in the range S as objects for counting the total cost of the distance to the park, wherein the number of the buildings is 256, and each building is marked as Ji，i∈{1，2，...，256}；
And (5): setting the number of park entrances and entrance positions at the boundary of park and the dense road network area, wherein the number of entrances is 9, and each entrance is marked as Rj，j∈{1，2，...，9}；
And (6): in ArcGIS 10.1 software, building data is converted into point elements through an 'element point conversion' tool, and a 'nearest facility point analysis' tool is utilized to obtain a building JiTo its nearest park entrance RjIs counted as DijAnd outputting the data set;
and (7): since the cross section of the water system is wider at two ends of the park part, 5 points are selected at equal intervals from the part with narrower middle as the candidate positions crossing the water system structure, and the number is GkK ∈ {1, 2,..., 5 }; the structure is a bridge;
and (8): in ArcGIS 10.1 software, each software is calculated according to actual conditionsPark entrance RjTo the position G of the structure to be selectedkThe distance of the path at the intersection with the boundary of the inlet-side water system is Djk(ii) a Position G of the structure to be selectedkWith the park entrance RjThe intersection points of the boundary of the side water system are as follows: passing through the position G of the structure to be selectedkMaking a straight line perpendicular to the water system, the straight line intersecting the boundary of the inlet side water system; the path distance is determined according to the actual situation, if the park entrance RjConnecting positions G of structures to be selectedkWith the park entrance RjIf there is no intersection between the line segment of the intersection of the side water system boundary and the water system boundary, the straight line distance between the two is Djk(ii) a If park entrance RjConnecting positions G of structures to be selectedkWith the park entrance RjThe intersection point of the line segment of the intersection point of the side water system boundary and the water system boundary is selectedjThe straight line passes through a first intersection point with the water system boundary and then reaches a position G corresponding to a structure to be selected along the water system boundary (namely a waterfront road)kThe distance between the water inlet side water system and the water inlet side water system is Djk。
And (9): calculating Dik＝Dij+Djk；
Wherein D isikFor a single building JiRoute is from its nearest park entrance RjTotal distance to the intersection of the selected structure with the boundary of the inlet side water system, i.e. single building JiCorresponding to the structure G to be selectedkDistance cost of (d);
step (10): calculating Dk＝D1k+D2k+...+D256kTo yield D1＝153202.6m，D2＝149924.0m，D3＝143592.0m，D4＝140315.3m，D5＝139654.0m；
Wherein D iskFor all buildings JiRoute is from its nearest park entrance RjTo the position G of the structure to be selectedkThe total distance at the intersection with the boundary of the inlet-side water system, i.e. all buildings JiCorresponding to the structure G to be selectedkDistance cost of location; in this example mi(population correction factor) simple1 is reduced;
step (11): 5 of DkValue of D5Has the smallest value of G5The optimal selection of the position of the structure is obtained;
step (12): is provided with a connecting park entrance RjAnd structure position G5The line segment of (1) is a road; the road is determined according to the actual situation, if the park entrance RjConnecting structure position G5Setting a line segment intersecting the inlet-side water system boundary as a road if the line segment does not intersect the water system boundary; if the line segment has an intersection with the water system boundary, the park entrance R is setjTaking a line segment to the first intersection point as a road; the road can be properly bent and changed according to topographic factors and aesthetic requirements;
step (13): water fronting roads are arranged at the positions of the water fronting systems at the two sides, and loops are arranged according to actual requirements, so that the park roads at the two sides of the water system form loops respectively.
Step (14): and (4) setting a secondary road according to the density of the designed road by combining terrain elements, touring requirements and road tortuosity changes.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A GIS-based waterfront park road design method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): importing geographic space data of a park to be designed, a water system flowing through the park, surrounding buildings and a road network into ArcGIS software, and uniformly converting the geographic space data into vector data and a same projection coordinate system;
step (2): determining a service radius d of the park;
and (3): in ArcGIS software, utilizing 'service area analysis' in a 'network analysis' module to obtain a service area range S which is at a distance d from the park on the basis of real road network data;
and (4) selecting the buildings in the range S as objects for counting the total cost of the distance to the park, wherein the number of the buildings is α, and each building is recorded as Ji，i∈{1，2，...，α}；
Setting the number of park entrances and entrance positions, wherein the number of the entrances is β, and each park entrance is recorded as Rj，j∈{1，2，...，β}；
And (6): in ArcGIS software, building vector data is converted into point elements through an 'element point conversion' tool, and a 'nearest facility point analysis' tool is utilized to obtain a building JiTo its nearest park entrance RjIs counted as DijAnd outputting the data set;
and (7): setting up candidate positions crossing over the water system structure, wherein the number of the candidate positions is gamma, and recording the candidate positions of each structure as Gk，k∈{1，2，...，γ}；
And (8): in ArcGIS software, each park entrance R is measured and calculatedjTo the position G of the structure to be selectedkAnd the inlet RjThe path distance at the boundary intersection of the side water system is calculated as Djk；
And (9): calculating Dik＝Dij+Djk；
Wherein D isikFor a single building JiRoute is from its nearest park entrance RjTotal distance to the intersection of the selected structure with the boundary of the inlet side water system, i.e. single building JiCorresponding to the position G of the structure to be selectedkDistance cost of (d);
step (10): calculating Dk＝m1D1k+m2D2k+...+mαDαk；
Wherein D iskFor all buildings JiRoute is from its nearest park entrance RjTo the position G of the structure to be selectedkThe total distance at the intersection with the boundary of the inlet-side water system, i.e. all buildings JiCorresponding to the position G of the structure to be selectedkDistance cost of (d); m isi(i e {1, 2.., α }) is a building JiThe corresponding population correction coefficient is used for better reflecting the distance cost of citizens in the park coverage area in the whole process of visiting the park;
step (11): gamma pieces of DkComparing the values of the two-dimensional space data, wherein the position of the structure to be selected corresponding to the minimum value is the best selection and is counted as G;
step (12): is provided with a connecting park entrance RjAnd a road at structure location G;
step (13): arranging a waterfront road and other main roads at the positions close to the water system on the two sides;
step (14): a secondary road is set.
2. The GIS-based waterfront park road design method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the park to be designed is a segment of an independent park or a strip park.
3. The GIS-based waterfront park road design method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the park category is defined according to city greenfield classification standard CJJ/T85-2017, and the service radius d is determined according to the park category through national garden city series standard or park site local standard.
4. The GIS-based waterfront park garden path design method of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the building JiA residential building with a high demand for parks may be selected, or all buildings excluding industrial buildings with a low demand for parks may be selected.
5. The GIS-based waterfront park path design method of claim 1, wherein in step (5), the park entrance RjThe number β and the position are determined according to the park scale and the road network distribution, and are arranged in the dense road network area.
6. The GIS-based waterfront park road design method of claim 1, wherein in step (7), the structure can be a bridge or a plank road; position G of the structure to be selectedkSelecting according to the section width, landscape distribution and geological conditions of the water system; position G of the structure to be selectedkPoints may be selected at equal distances from the park section as the water flows through the park section to represent candidate locations.
7. The GIS-based waterfront park path design method according to claim 1, wherein in step (8), the structure position G to be selectedkWith the park entrance RjThe intersection points of the boundary of the side water system are as follows: passing through the position G of the structure to be selectedkMaking a straight line perpendicular to the water system, the straight line intersecting the boundary of the inlet side water system; the path distance is determined according to the actual situation, if the park entrance RjConnecting positions G of structures to be selectedkWith the park entrance RjIf there is no intersection between the line segment of the intersection of the side water system boundary and the water system boundary, the straight line distance between the two is Djk(ii) a If park entrance RjConnecting positions G of structures to be selectedkWith the park entrance RjThe intersection point of the line segment of the intersection point of the side water system boundary and the water system boundary is selectedjThe straight line passes through a first intersection point with the water system boundary and then reaches a position G corresponding to a structure to be selected along the water system boundarykThe distance between the water inlet side water system and the water inlet side water system is Djk。
8. The GIS-based waterfront park path design method of claim 1, wherein in step (10), the m isiCan be expressed by the product of the building area of each floor and the number of floors in the building; m isiAnd can also be simplified to 1.
9. The GIS-based waterfront park path design method of claim 1, wherein in step (12), the path is determined according to actual conditions if park entrance RjConnecting object positions of structures to be selectedPut GkSetting a line segment intersecting the inlet-side water system boundary as a road if the line segment does not intersect the water system boundary; if the line segment has an intersection with the water system boundary, the park entrance R is setjTaking a line segment to the first intersection point as a road; the road can be properly bent and changed according to the terrain elements and the aesthetic requirements.
10. The GIS-based waterfront park road design method according to claim 1, wherein in step (13), the other main roads are roads which are set based on the waterfront road and the road in step (12) according to actual requirements, so that park roads on both sides of the water system are respectively looped; in the step (14), the secondary road is a road which is further designed according to the density of the designed road and by combining terrain elements, touring requirements and road tortuosity changes.
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