CN103324984A - Method for judging urban minimum ecological land based on GIS - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for judging urban minimum ecological land based on a GIS, and relates to the GIS, landscape ecology and model construction. The method for judging the urban minimum ecological land based on the GIS is used for solving the technical problem of determining the minimum ecological land range in urban development. According to the technical scheme, the method for judging the urban minimum ecological land based on the GIS comprises the steps of: S1, combining the landscape ecology model and an ecosystem service function value assessment method, constructing an urban minimum ecological land space analysis model under the support of the GIS technology, S2, setting four scenes, namely, reserving 30% of the urban area as the ecological land, reserving 40% of the urban area as the ecological land, reserving 50% of the urban area as the ecological land and reserving 60% of the urban area as the ecological land, analyzing the rationality of the minimum ecological land space distribution, and S3, extracting the land with important ecosystem service functions from the constructed minimum ecological land model. The method for judging the urban minimum ecological land based on the GIS is a scientific and workable technical method.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the structure of Geographic Information System (GIS), landscape ecology and model, relate generally to a kind of city minimum ecological land used decision method based on GIS.
Background technology:
The city is an economic society complex ecosystem of taking as the leading factor with the mankind, has open characteristics, depends on its Administrative boundaries local area ecological system in addition necessary Ecosystem Service is provided.The matter and energies such as the needed grain of city productive life, raw material, the energy, resource need to be inputted from the external world by trade, and the refuse that the city material energy metabolism produces also depends on the absorption of external ecology system and decomposes and the function of dissolving.Even city does not keep any ecological land and can depend on the perimeter ecosystem service function yet and keep down, if and only depend on ecosystem service function in the municipal administration border, almost any one city is not continuable in the world, all can surpass the ecosystem carrying capacity of himself.Therefore; city minimum ecological land used is not an objective threshold value of only calculating according to ecological theory as urban carrying capacity; but subjective index; need to can the determining with target side of ecology, economy and culture each side that needs the overall equilbrium city; namely when satisfying certain socio-economic development target, protect to greatest extent important urban ecological land according to the importance of urban ecological land.
The importance of urban ecological land is not only relevant with its land use pattern, but also depends on its zoology energy, Landscape Structure feature.The importance of ecological land is at first relevant with its land type.The importance of ecological land also is subjected to the impact of its zoology energy power, and ecosystem vigor is higher, its load-bearing capacity, bio-diversity and also just stronger to jamproof ability.In the various land use patterns in city, the factor that ecological effect is had the greatest impact is the greenery patches, especially the forest land.Landscape Structure also is the key factor that affects urban ecological land importance, ecological and the landscape ecology in island has a large amount of scientific observations to prove to safeguard nature and landscape pattern's continuity to the meaning of human ecological environment sustainability, and the species number that reaches equilibrium state depends primarily on the size on island and island from the distance of provenance, i.e. areal effect and distant effect.
This shows, Landscape Spatial Pattern Analysis method with " centralization and decentralization combine ", combine the Ecosystem Services Value estimation, take landscape component (land use pattern, zoology energy), ecosystem service function and Landscape Structure as the main factor of estimating, foundation is that the good background of ecological land evaluation space supports based on the minimum ecological land used spatial analysis model of goal for urban development.
On this basis, determine city minimum ecological land used quantity, area and component in conjunction with the scenario analysis method, be the basis of the work such as city planning, city planning (strategy) environmental impact assessment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will provide a kind of city minimum ecological land used decision method based on GIS.
The present invention realizes by following approach:
A kind of city minimum ecological land used decision method based on GIS is:
1, data source is selected.The data source of selecting is mainly the SPOT remote sensing images of multidate Landsat-5 satellite TM remote sensing image and high spatial resolution, and the non-remotely-sensed data obtained of auxiliary vector data and field investigation.
2, Landscape Spatial Pattern Analysis method.Landscape Spatial Pattern Analysis method with " centralization and decentralization combine ", estimate in conjunction with Ecosystem Services Value, take landscape component (land use pattern, zoology energy), ecosystem service function and Landscape Structure as the main factor of estimating, foundation is based on the minimum ecological land used spatial analysis model of goal for urban development, for the ecological land evaluation space provides good theoretical foundation.
3, model construction.Model construction is based on GIS and RS technology, according to the deciphering to the aspect information such as spatial relation between the character of ecoscape self, some service functions that its residing locus has (such as water source self-restraint, soil erosion protection etc.) and this ecoscape and other ecoscape, choose the index system of representational index factor composition model, by overlay analysis and the calculating to achievement data, realize the quantification of city minimum ecological land used is expressed.
4, the selection of evaluation index.Take the landscape theories of Richard T T Forman as guidance, with the systematicness of index system and comprehensive, the representativeness of index and independence, the property obtained of data is principle, has established the indicator evaluation system of research.Because the type of each evaluation index is complicated, its good and bad being difficult to compares with actual numerical value, therefore the dimension of indices is unified to process, numeral with 1～5, larger its numerical value of forward impact of estimating the factor pair ecosystem is also larger, and the classification scoring criteria of each index then draws by corresponding data research or through analytical hierarchy process.Specific targets such as Fig. 1.
5, scenario analysis.Estimate aggregative index with Urban Ecology Landscape and reflect the rank that ecological land need be protected, the exponential distribution scope is 0～5, and index is higher, needs shielded rank also just higher.With comprehensive evaluation result by from high to low ordering, respectively take whole city's land area 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% as standard, from comprehensive evaluation result, extract corresponding ecological land scope.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1, the representative and independence of the selected evaluation index of the present invention, and more easily obtain.The dimension of indices is unified to process, be conducive to each evaluation index numerical value is compared.
2, data of the present invention are more easily obtained, and remote sensing image has high resolving power, high-precision characteristics, can guarantee the counting accuracy of minimum ecological land used scope.
3, the computing method easy operating of the minimum ecological land used scope of suitable goal for urban development of the present invention, method operability, favorable repeatability.
Description of drawings
Figure view ecology synthesis assessment indicator system makes up schematic diagram
Embodiment
City on probation overview: the Shenzhen, be positioned at the Delta of Pearl River of southeast China rapid economic development, north borders on Dongguan City, Huizhou City, and south is adjacent with Hong Kong, and Daya Gulf and Tai Pang Wan are faced in east, and the mouth of the Zhujiang River In Lingding Yang Area is on the point of in the west.Set up the special zone so far, Shenzhen GDP is every year on average with 27.8% speed increment, and population development has been finished the course that other city centuries even more than one thousand years are passed by to nearly ten million.Shenzhen's rapid economic development depends critically upon the exploitation of land resource, city development land demand and ecological land protection contradiction grow in intensity, show: (1) Shenzhen construction land increases rapidly, ecological land is occupied in a large number, during 1989～2003 years these 15 years, the city-building land used is increased to 35.63% from accounting for 6.7% of the total area, and ecological land then falls sharply to 61.37% from 88.46%; (2) from domestic and international international metropolitan practical experience, good urban ecology quality must be kept again for realizing the goal for urban development of " modern international city " in Shenzhen, and livable ecologic environment is provided.According to the principle of " exchanging larger income for less cost ", the minimum ecological land used that in time protection plays an important role to the health of keeping city and local area ecological system, the tempo of development of control construction land is the current urgent problem in Shenzhen.
1, data source is selected.The remotely-sensed data source comprises the SPOT5 remote sensing image of the 4 phase TM of Shenzhen remote sensing images in 1989,1995,2000 and 2003 and 2003 years.Wherein the TM remotely-sensed data is mainly used in Shenzhen's state of ecological environment performance analysis; The SPOT remotely-sensed data is mainly utilized the advantage of its high spatial resolution, merges with Landsat-5 image in 2003 in order to extract accurately to comprise the thematic informations such as present status of land utilization, River, ocean water front and wetland, road traffic, distribution of green areas.No matter be that TM remote sensing images or SPOT remotely-sensed data all adopt Shenzhen coordinate system.In the non-remotely-sensed data of collecting, vector data mainly comprises the data such as the dem data, Shenzhen's pedological map of Shenzhen.Dem data is used for the Extracting Thematic Information such as the gradient, slope aspect, soil erosion.Other non-remotely-sensed data comprises data that field investigation obtains and the written historical materials of collection.The vegetation that ground observation obtains covers and urban sprawl investigation data can be used for auxiliary remote Sensing Interpretation simultaneous verification remote Sensing Interpretation result.Collect written material and comprise the data such as the formal statistical yearbook of promulgating of government and statistical communique.
2, Landscape Spatial Pattern Analysis method.Landscape Spatial Pattern Analysis method with " centralization and decentralization combine ", estimate in conjunction with Ecosystem Services Value, take landscape component (land use pattern, zoology energy), ecosystem service function and Landscape Structure as the main factor of estimating, foundation is based on the minimum ecological land used spatial analysis model of goal for urban development, for the ecological land evaluation space provides good theoretical foundation.
3, model construction.Model construction is based on GIS and RS technology, according to the deciphering to the aspect information such as spatial relation between the character of ecoscape self, some service functions that its residing locus has (such as water source self-restraint, soil erosion protection etc.) and this ecoscape and other ecoscape, choose the index system of representational index factor composition model, by overlay analysis and the calculating to achievement data, realize the quantification of city minimum ecological land used is expressed.
4, the selection of evaluation index.Take the landscape theories of Richard T T Forman as guidance, with the systematicness of index system and comprehensive, the representativeness of index and independence, the property obtained of data is principle, has established the indicator evaluation system of research.Because the type of each evaluation index is complicated, its good and bad being difficult to compares with actual numerical value, therefore the dimension of indices is unified to process, numeral with 1～5, larger its numerical value of forward impact of estimating the factor pair ecosystem is also larger, and the classification scoring criteria of each index then draws by corresponding data research or through analytical hierarchy process.Specific targets such as accompanying drawing.
According to the concrete characteristics of Shenzhen, as follows to the acquisition methods of the value of specific indexes: (1) landscape component.Consider the singularity of Shenzhen's water surface for aquaculture, to its area assignment the time, take the strategy consistent with green substrate view, when carrying out the land type assignment, give the score value consistent with shrub land/gardens to it.As the zoology energy index of weighing green vegetation, to the NDVI of Shenzhen divided rank, and the criteria for classifying such as table 1 are finally determined in knot and Shenzhen's field investigation with average annual NDVI value.(2) Ecosystem Service.Use Shenzhen's dem data, under the support of GIS analysis software AVSWAT, the factors such as the distance take Watershed Unit apart from water head site, the susceptibility of soil erosion power, vegetation state and precipitation are as the factor, self-restraint district, water source grade to Shenzhen is divided, give respectively 5,4,3 evaluation score value with the landscape patch in self-restraint district, one-level water source, secondary source self-restraint district, the self-restraint district, accurate water source, the unified assignment in other zones is 1.Little in conjunction with Shenzhen regional scale, the characteristics that the climate influence is weak, emphasis chooses soil and two factors of the gradient are carried out spatial overlay analysis, estimate soil erosion safeguard function, and analysis result carried out grade classification, thereby judge the space distribution situation of the responsive safeguard function of Shenzhen's soil erosion.According to the investigation to Shenzhen's animals and plants distribution situation in imminent danger, chosen the zone of 14 rich biodiversity such as Chinese parasol tree mountain, seven ma mountains as the key area (seeing table 2 for details) of bio-diversity conservation.(3) Landscape Structure.Emphasis has been chosen the large-scale vegetative patch of rare and endangered species distributive province, Shenzhen and 7 medium-sized potable water seedbed reservoirs as the seed patch of research.According to the above seed patch of choosing, do respectively the buffer zone that 3km, 4km, three kinds of distances of 5km do not wait.Concrete index assignment table sees table 3 for details.
Table 1 Shenzhen landscape component is estimated level of factor classification and assignment
The Assessment of Ecosystem Services level of factor classification of table 2 Shenzhen and assignment
Table 3 range index assignment table
5, undertaken by Urban Ecology Landscape comprehensive evaluation step.The first step, index item, desired value divided rank and corresponding evaluation score value according to tri-layer in the assessment indicator system generate corresponding thematic raster data.Second step carries out product calculation according to the classification in assessment indicator system the second level to index under separately, and the Coherent addition computing method are as shown in table 5.The 3rd step, 3 indexs in the second level are weighted superposition draw comprehensive evaluation index, its formula is as follows: and urban look is comprehensive=and landscape pattern * the W1+ landscape component * W2+ Ecosystem Service * W3 is wherein, W1=0.3, W2=0.4, W3=0.3 is 3 index factors weighted values separately, and weighted value is obtained by expert's marking.In the 4th step, in order to prevent the interference of the non-ecological land types such as construction land and unused land, in final result, the zone of this land used type is composed with minimum score value " 0 ".The second level individual index item computing method see Table 4.
Table 4 the second level individual index item computing method
6, scenario analysis.Estimate aggregative index with Shenzhen city ecoscape and reflect the rank that ecological land need be protected, the exponential distribution scope is 0～5, and index is higher, needs shielded rank also just higher.With comprehensive evaluation result by from high to low ordering, respectively take whole city's land area 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% as standard, from comprehensive evaluation result, extract corresponding ecological land scope.Extracted the land use structure in the Shenzhen ecological land scope and the result analyzed.
The result shows: based on the about beam analysis of above scenario analysis and goal for urban development, follow the principle of " exchanging larger income for less cost ", determine to account for the ecological land scope of administrative region of a city area 50% as city, Shenzhen minimum ecological land used in scenario analysis.The minimum ecological land used of selecting had both met theoretic Landscape optimization general layout and the protection of important ecological functions, can satisfy again Shenzhen future urban development target to the demand of ecologic environment; Simultaneously, can be because excessively not paying close attention to the ecological socio-economic development of ignoring yet.
Claims (1)
1. city minimum ecological land used decision method based on GIS is characterized in that:
1. landscape ecological conceptual model and Assessment Methods for Valuation of Ecosystem Service Function are combined, under the support of GIS and RS technology, made up city minimum ecological land used spatial analysis model, respectively according to 4 kinds of sights that keep urban size 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% ecological land, analyze the rationality of minimum ecological land used space distribution, the soil that has the important ecosystem service function in the middle of the city is extracted.
2. clear and definite city minimum ecological land used quantity, area and component, this is the basis of the work such as city planning, city planning (strategy) environmental impact assessment.
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| CN105243262A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-13 | 北京东方园林生态股份有限公司 | Measurement method and evaluation method for ecological service functions of landscape ecological project |
| CN107480630A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-12-15 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method that Ecological Function zoning is carried out using remote sensing technology |
| CN107908858A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-04-13 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of seashore wetland aquatic bird active path analogy method based on GIS and RS |
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| CN110298411A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-01 | 中国城市建设研究院有限公司 | A kind of impaired identification and evaluation method of group of cities ecological space |
| CN111291437A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-16 | 《中国名城》杂志社(扬州市历史文化名城研究院、世界名城研究院) | Method for designing waterfront park road based on GIS |
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| CN102121318A (en) * | 2010-01-11 | 2011-07-13 | 北京师范大学 | Ecological planning method for small-town landscape |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102121318A (en) * | 2010-01-11 | 2011-07-13 | 北京师范大学 | Ecological planning method for small-town landscape |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105243262A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-13 | 北京东方园林生态股份有限公司 | Measurement method and evaluation method for ecological service functions of landscape ecological project |
| CN105243262B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2018-06-22 | 北京东方园林环境股份有限公司 | A kind of ecological engineering of landscape Ecosystem Service assay method and evaluation method |
| CN107480630A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-12-15 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method that Ecological Function zoning is carried out using remote sensing technology |
| CN107480630B (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2020-05-26 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | Method for zoning forest ecological function by using remote sensing technology |
| CN107908858A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-04-13 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of seashore wetland aquatic bird active path analogy method based on GIS and RS |
| CN107908858B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2021-01-12 | 福建农林大学 | Coastal wetland waterfowl movement path simulation method based on GIS and RS |
| CN109933901A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-06-25 | 福州大学 | A kind of MCR urban sprawl analogy method that value of ecosystem service optimizes |
| CN109933901B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2022-07-26 | 福州大学 | MCR city expansion simulation method for optimizing service value of ecosystem |
| CN110298411A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-01 | 中国城市建设研究院有限公司 | A kind of impaired identification and evaluation method of group of cities ecological space |
| CN110298411B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2020-05-26 | 中国城市建设研究院有限公司 | Urban group ecological space damage identification method |
| CN111291437A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-16 | 《中国名城》杂志社(扬州市历史文化名城研究院、世界名城研究院) | Method for designing waterfront park road based on GIS |
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Application publication date: 20130925 |