CN110188941A - Design partition method in Urban Waterfront based on water body climatic effect - Google Patents
Design partition method in Urban Waterfront based on water body climatic effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
It is related to the Urban Waterfront design partition method based on water body climatic effect, steps are as follows: handling using ENVI software remote sensing image data, and carries out Surface Temperature Retrieval using atmospheric correction method；Polycyclic buffer area is set under GIS platform, extracts the surface temperature average value in target plot and each buffer area, calculates the average cooling value of each buffer area.To average cooling value and buffering offset from regression analysis is carried out, water body effective temperature-reducing range is obtained, weather-sensitive area delimited；By the analysis to city ventilation gallery, identification region wind environment, the air intake vent or cool island for determining city ventilation gallery with crossing, divide control zone windward；By fluid calculation machine software sunykatuib analysis wind environment, the ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD that can construct artificial draft gallery delimited out according to wind speed scale.This method sufficiently blends water body climatic effect feature and urban design objects, qualitative and quantitatively delimit Climate Design subregion, and scientific auxiliary programming department builds Urban Waterfront.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to urban climate environmental applications fields, more particularly to the Urban Waterfront based on water body climatic effect to set
Count partition method.
Background technique
The relationship of urban design and urban climate environment is towards urban construction and the common sustainable development of ecological environment
One of important research direction.Wherein, water front is a special ecological zone in city, due to the climatic effect by water body
So that wind, heat, wet environment change in region.Water front is often because become people's hobby with open water surface space
Outdoor leisure region can make that human and environment is more harmonious, evenly sends out by the Design guidance of the climatic elements to water front
Exhibition.
But traditional water front design is mostly planned with designer according to design experiences, it is less to water body play
Climatic effect accounts for.For subtropical zone, the high weight in wet base of summer temperature, solar radiation is big, and water front is as improvement office
The major area of geothermal environment, should be in the design process in view of the effect of climatic elements performance.
Summary of the invention
For the technical problems in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide one kind to be based on water body climatic effect
Urban Waterfront design partition method, which sufficiently mutually melts the feature of water body climatic effect with urban design objects
It closes, water front is qualitatively and quantitatively divided into weather-sensitive area, windward control zone and ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD, passes through reasonable subregion
Design guidance, the more scientific design city water front of auxiliary programming department.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Partition method is designed in Urban Waterfront based on water body climatic effect, for imitating to target plot according to water body weather
Rule is answered to carry out subregion, subregion includes weather-sensitive area, windward control zone and ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD；The partition method includes following step
It is rapid: step S1: the meteorological data in city, -8 remote sensing image data of summer Landsat, city ventilation where obtaining target plot
Gallery structure figure, target plot plan view；Step S2: reading the remote sensing image data in target plot using ENVI software, and
Radiation calibration is carried out to remote sensing image data, Land surface emissivity is calculated, is then finally inversed by ground with the image of Land surface emissivity
Table temperature pattern；Step S3: surface temperature image is read using GIS software, establishes water body face in target plot and target plot
Then shape element presses distance to water body area pattern and several buffer areas is arranged；Step S4: target plot is extracted using GIS software
With the surface temperature average value of each buffer area, use formula: the surface temperature average value-in average cooling value=target plot is every
Surface temperature average value in layer buffer area obtains average cooling value and the critical point with a distance from water body, i.e. water body effects of reduced temperature
Effective range, thus quantitatively delimit weather-sensitive area；Step S5: ventilation gallery structure figure in analysis city determines target plot
City ventilation gallery air intake vent or cool island cross ground, and width of corridor minimum value of mainly being divulged information with city is refers to qualitative stroke
Divide control zone windward；Step S6: the plan view according to target plot establishes physical model and imports root in cfdrc
Physical condition and boundary are set according to meteorological data, and physical model is subjected to grid dividing and is separated into calculating grid model；Step
Rapid S7: the discrete of governing equation is carried out using the staggered grid method of cfdrc, software is using pressure and speed coupling
The SIMPLEST algorithm of conjunction, computer are iterated calculating automatically, obtain the wind environment simulation drawing in target plot；Step S8: root
It is divided into zone of silence, the area Shi Feng and strong wind area according to the wind speed scale of wind environment simulation drawing, determines the excellent situation of target plot ventilation, with
The secondary ventilation width of corridor minimum value in city is reference, and the ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD of artificial draft gallery can be constructed by delimiting out status.
Water body climatic effect theory includes two kinds, one is land and water wind scorpion, since the roughness on land and water surface is different, water
Upper wind speed is bigger than land, forms land and water wind；The second is water body effects of reduced temperature, water body is by largely reflecting, evaporating and storing
Fuel factor reduces surrounding area temperature.
Weather-sensitive area is set based on water body effects of reduced temperature, control zone windward and ventilation potentiality are arranged based on land and water wind scorpion
Area.
Ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD is the REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD that analysis has building artificial draft gallery in built water front environment, right
The water front that do not build should excavate the REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD that air duct can be constructed by design means according to built environment around；Ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD
It is the region by the artificial constructed ventilation gallery of design techniques.
In step S2, radiation calibration is sought automatically by radiation calibration module in ENVI software, Land surface emissivity and
Surface temperature is calculated by formula.
In step S6, grid dividing is carried out to physical model and uses gradient mesh method, the number of grid where physical model
More, the number of grid far from physical model is few, does transition processing on the boundary of two kinds of number of grids, gradient mesh method is guaranteeing to count
Calculating speed is improved under the premise of calculating precision.
In step S6, setting parameter includes: that wind speed, wind direction, energy be quantitative, equation, energy equation, turbulence model.
In step S3, one buffer area, setting to 500m are arranged every 20m to water body area pattern.
In step S1, meteorological data includes climate type, cardinal wind, wind speed.
Generally speaking, the present invention has the advantage that
1. partition method of the invention is sufficiently by the concept phase of the feature of water body climatic effect and urban design function division
Coupling, be based on the unique climatic effect of water body, qualitatively and quantitatively by water front be divided into weather-sensitive area, windward control zone and
Ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD, is guided, the more scientific design city water front of auxiliary programming department by reasonable zoning design, promotes city gas
Wait application of the environment in terms of urban design.
2. the present invention carries out scientific division from qualitative and quantitative two aspect, facilitates designer and recognize different weathers
Partition characteristics, and suitable design techniques is selected to be finely adjusted water front climatic environment according to this, it avoids because of design method not
Weather " blind area " caused by.The analysis software of technology selected by the present invention is all the software proved by numerous studies, institute
The data result accuracy with higher obtained, and it is all easily operated for designer, and this method can be applicable in
In different cities.
3. weather-sensitive area is to explore water body to surrounding area cooling range, tradition actual measurement and simulation means can not determine it
Specific range.The present invention obtains the surface temperature value in target plot using Surface Temperature Retrieval, then carries out buffer area using GIS
It divides, obtains each buffer area averagely cooling value.By the analysis to its surrounding area averagely cooling value, specific water body is determined
Division to surrounding area cooling range areas, for weather-sensitive area.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Urban Waterfront Climate Design partition system figure.
Fig. 2 is Zhongshan city inner city Surface Temperature Retrieval figure.
Fig. 3 is 500 meters of buffer areas of qi rivers water body averagely cooling value trend graph.
Fig. 4 is target plot weather-sensitive area schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that (A indicates that city ventilation gallery, B indicate land and water wind, arrow to control zone schematic diagram in figure windward in target plot
Indicate that the wind direction of land and water wind, C indicate main cool island).
Fig. 6 is target plot CFD wind environment simulation drawing.
Fig. 7 is target plot ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to examples and drawings, the present invention will be further described in detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not
It is limited to this.
Partition method is designed in Urban Waterfront based on water body climatic effect, for imitating to target plot according to water body weather
It answers rule to carry out subregion, guide related personnel can purposefully and be more reasonably distributed with control design case element.The square partition
Method sufficiently blends the feature of water body climatic effect and urban design objects, in remote sensing, GIS-Geographic Information System (GIS), calculates
Under the supports of software platforms such as hydrodynamics (CFD:Computational Fluid Dynamics), qualitatively and quantitatively delimit
The weather-sensitive area of water front, windward control zone and ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD.The water body climatic effect theory is two kinds, one is water
Land wind effect: since the roughness on land and water surface is different, wind speed waterborne is bigger than land, forms land and water wind；The second is water body
Effects of reduced temperature, water body is by largely reflecting, evaporating and regenerative effect reduces surrounding area temperature.In the present embodiment, it is based on
Weather-sensitive area is arranged in water body effects of reduced temperature, and control zone windward and ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD is arranged based on land and water wind scorpion.
In the present embodiment, using the partition method using target plot --- Zhongshan city qi rivers park is right as physical model
Zhongshan city qi rivers park carries out subregion according to water body climatic effect rule, includes the following steps:
Step S1: the meteorological data (including climate type, cardinal wind etc.) in city, summer land where obtaining target plot
Ground satellite -8 (landsat8) remote sensing image data, city ventilation gallery structure figure, target plot plan view.
Step S2: the remote sensing image data in target plot is read using ENVI software, calculates Band10's by formula
A series of indexes such as radiance image, normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), vegetation coverage image, finally by black body radiation
Luminance picture is finally inversed by surface temperature image.
(1) it is fixed radiate to remote sensing image data by Radiometric Calibration module in ENVI software
Mark, specifically:
Radiometric Correction-Radiometric Calibration tool is selected in Toolbox.
Thermal Infrared1 (10.9) wave band is selected after opening in Spectral Subset.
Radiometric Calibration panel is opened, selecting calibration type is radiance value (radiance),
He defaults parameter, exports the radiance image of Band10.
(2) Land surface emissivity is then calculated, step is specifically calculated are as follows:
Spectral-Vegetation-NDVI tool is selected, to the summer Landsat -8 in target plot
(landsat8) RED:4 in remote sensing image data, Near IR:5 wave band calculate normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) value.
Band Ratio-Band Math tool is selected, vegetation coverage image is calculated, inputs calculation formula:
(b1 gt 0.7)*1+(b1 lt 0.05)*0+(b1 ge 0.05 and b1 le 0.7)*((b1-0.05)/
(0.7-0.05)) (1)
In formula: b1 is normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI).
Band Ratio-Band Math tool is selected, Land surface emissivity is calculated, inputs calculation formula:
0.004*b2+0.986 (2)
In formula: b2 is vegetation coverage image.
(3) surface temperature is calculated, surface temperature image is finally inversed by with the image of Land surface emissivity, specifically calculates step
Are as follows:
Band Ratio-Band Math tool, the black body radiation luminance picture under calculating is synthermal are selected, input calculates
Formula:
(b4-0.71-0.9*(1-b3)*1.21)/(0.9*b3) (3)
In formula: b3 is the image of Land surface emissivity；B4 is Band10 radiance image.
Then Band Ratio-Band Math tool is selected, calculation formula is inputted:
(1321.08)/alog(774.89/b5+1)-273 (4)
In formula: b5 be it is synthermal under black body radiation luminance picture；Natural logrithm is sought in alog (x) expression；TIRS Band10
K1 and K2 value be to be obtained from " * _ MTL.txt " meta data file, respectively K1=774.89, K2=1321.08.
It is calculated as surface temperature image (unit is DEG C).
Step S3: reading surface temperature image using GIS software, carries out grid turning point element to earth's surface temperature pattern, obtains
Take surface temperature polar plot；Water body planar (polygon) element in target plot and target plot is established, then to water body planar
(polygon) buffer area, range setting to 500m is arranged every 20m in element.
Step S4: being converted to vector image for surface temperature image using GIS software, then passes through space linkage function,
Surface temperature polar plot and target plot range are subjected to space connection, seek surface temperature average value within the scope of target plot.
The surface temperature average value of each buffer area is obtained with same method.Then formula is used:
Surface temperature average value in the surface temperature average value-every layer buffer area in average cooling value=target plot
Can obtain average cooling value and critical point with a distance from water body by formula is 120m, i.e., water body effects of reduced temperature has
Effect range is 120m, to quantitatively delimit the weather-sensitive area of water front along qi rivers water body 120m.
Step S5: control zone refers to that the main air intake vent of city ventilation gallery and cool island wait regions with crossing windward, to mesh
The ventilation gallery in city is analyzed where mark plot, determines that target plot is the main ventilation gallery node in city north-south,
And locates two large-scale cool island and cross ground.By comparative analysis, the main air intake vent and cool island in target plot cross such as Fig. 5 institute
Show, the width of corridor minimum value 150m that mainly divulged information with city is to divide control zone windward with reference to qualitative.
Step S6: establishing physical model according to target plot plan view and import CFD software, and physics is arranged according to meteorological data
Condition and boundary, and physical model is subjected to grid dividing and is separated into calculating grid model.Grid is carried out to physical model to draw
Point use gradient mesh method, it should be noted that density degree, the number of grid needs in physical model region increase, further away from physics mould
Type number of grid can be reduced, and do transition processing on the boundary of two kinds of number of grids, it is proposed that grid gradual change coefficient uses 1.3, gradual change
Gridding method improves calculating speed under the premise of guaranteeing computational accuracy.Parameter, which is arranged, includes:
Wind speed (Wind speed): 1.2m/s (Zhongshan city's average of the whole year wind speed)；
Wind direction (Wind direction): 135deg (Zhongshan city's cardinal wind)；
Profile type (Profile Type): energy is quantitative (Power Law)；
Equation (Equation formulation): oval-staggeredly (Elliptic-Staggered)；
Energy equation (Energy Equantion): off；
Turbulence model (Turbulence models): two equation high reynolds numbers of K-E model (KEMODL) classics.
Step S7: phoenics (Parabolic Hyperbolic Or Elliptic in CFD software is used
Numerical Integration Code Series) staggered grid method carry out governing equation it is discrete, software use pressure
The SIMPLEST algorithm coupled with speed, computer are iterated calculating automatically, obtain the wind environment simulation drawing in target plot.
Step S8: being divided into zone of silence, the area Shi Feng and strong wind area according to the wind speed scale of wind environment simulation drawing, with determining target
The excellent situation of block ventilation.Area within the scope of the selection target plot area Shi Feng and strong wind area, with the secondary ventilation width of corridor in city
Minimum value 80m is reference, and the ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD of artificial draft gallery can be constructed by delimiting out status.Ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD is built
At water front environment in analysis have building artificial draft gallery REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD, the water front that do not build should be built according to surrounding
The REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD that air duct can be constructed by design means is excavated at environment.Since ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD is artificial constructed using design techniques
Ventilation gallery, therefore be with reference to division ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD range with the secondary ventilation width of corridor minimum value 80m in city.
Weather-sensitive area in the present embodiment is to explore water body to surrounding area cooling range, tradition actual measurement and simulation means
It can not determine its specific range.The present invention obtains the surface temperature value in target plot using Surface Temperature Retrieval, then uses GIS
Buffering Division is carried out, each buffer area averagely cooling value is obtained.By analyzing its surrounding area averagely cooling value, determine
Division of the specific water body to surrounding area cooling range areas, for weather-sensitive area.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. partition method is designed in the Urban Waterfront based on water body climatic effect, it is used for target plot according to water body climatic effect
Rule carries out subregion, which is characterized in that subregion includes weather-sensitive area, windward control zone and ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD；The partition method
The following steps are included:
Step S1: the meteorological data in city, -8 remote sensing image data of summer Landsat, city ventilation where obtaining target plot
Gallery structure figure, target plot plan view；
Step S2: the remote sensing image data in target plot is read using ENVI software, and remote sensing image data radiate and is determined
Mark calculates Land surface emissivity, is then finally inversed by surface temperature image with the image of Land surface emissivity；
Step S3: reading surface temperature image using GIS software, establish water body area pattern in target plot and target plot,
Then distance is pressed to water body area pattern and several buffer areas is set；
Step S4: the surface temperature average value in target plot and each buffer area is extracted using GIS software, uses formula: average
Surface temperature average value in the surface temperature average value-every layer buffer area of cooling value=target plot obtains average cooling value
With the critical point with a distance from water body, the i.e. effective range of water body effects of reduced temperature, thus quantitatively delimit weather-sensitive area；
Step S5: ventilation gallery structure figure in analysis city determines that the air intake vent of the city ventilation gallery in target plot or cool island are handed over
With converging, and with city width of corridor minimum value of mainly divulging information divides control zone windward for reference is qualitative；
Step S6: the plan view according to target plot is established physical model and is imported in cfdrc according to meteorological data
Physical condition and boundary are set, and physical model is subjected to grid dividing and is separated into calculating grid model；
Step S7: using cfdrc staggered grid method carry out governing equation it is discrete, software using pressure with
The SIMPLEST algorithm of speed coupling, computer are iterated calculating automatically, obtain the wind environment simulation drawing in target plot；
Step S8: being divided into zone of silence, the area Shi Feng and strong wind area according to the wind speed scale of wind environment simulation drawing, determines that target plot is logical
The excellent situation of wind is reference with the secondary ventilation width of corridor minimum value in city, and artificial draft gallery can be constructed by delimiting out status
Ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD.
2. partition method is designed in the Urban Waterfront described in accordance with the claim 1 based on water body climatic effect, it is characterised in that:
Water body climatic effect theory includes two kinds, one is land and water wind scorpion, since the roughness on land and water surface is different, wind speed waterborne is equal
It is bigger than land, form land and water wind；The second is water body effects of reduced temperature, water body by largely reflect, evaporate and regenerative effect come
Reduce surrounding area temperature.
3. partition method is designed in the Urban Waterfront based on water body climatic effect according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
Weather-sensitive area is set based on water body effects of reduced temperature, control zone windward and ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD are arranged based on land and water wind scorpion.
4. partition method is designed in the Urban Waterfront described in accordance with the claim 1 based on water body climatic effect, it is characterised in that:
Ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD is the REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD that analysis has building artificial draft gallery in built water front environment, to the shore that do not build
Pool should excavate the REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD that air duct can be constructed by design means according to built environment around；Ventilation REGION OF WATER INJECTION OILFIELD is by setting
Count the region of the artificial constructed ventilation gallery of gimmick.
5. partition method is designed in the Urban Waterfront described in accordance with the claim 1 based on water body climatic effect, it is characterised in that:
In step S2, radiation calibration is sought automatically by radiation calibration module in ENVI software, Land surface emissivity and surface temperature
It is calculated by formula.
6. partition method is designed in the Urban Waterfront described in accordance with the claim 1 based on water body climatic effect, it is characterised in that:
In step S6, grid dividing is carried out to physical model and uses gradient mesh method, the number of grid where physical model is more, far from object
The number of grid for managing model is few, does transition processing on the boundary of two kinds of number of grids, gradient mesh method is guaranteeing computational accuracy
Under the premise of improve calculating speed.
7. partition method is designed in the Urban Waterfront described in accordance with the claim 1 based on water body climatic effect, it is characterised in that:
In step S6, setting parameter includes: that wind speed, wind direction, energy be quantitative, equation, energy equation, turbulence model.
8. partition method is designed in the Urban Waterfront described in accordance with the claim 1 based on water body climatic effect, it is characterised in that:
In step S3, one buffer area, setting to 500m are arranged every 20m to water body area pattern.
9. partition method is designed in the Urban Waterfront described in accordance with the claim 1 based on water body climatic effect, it is characterised in that:
In step S1, meteorological data includes climate type, cardinal wind, wind speed.
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