CN111289555A - Full-field test method for thermal fatigue load of friction plate - Google Patents
Full-field test method for thermal fatigue load of friction plate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a full-field test method for a thermal fatigue load of a friction plate, belongs to the technical field of friction plate test and solves the problems that the existing thermal fatigue load test of the friction plate can only obtain limited data and cannot realize the full-field test. The testing method comprises the steps of acquiring a surface temperature field of a friction plate by a thermal imager, namely by adopting an infrared thermal imaging method; the surface image of the friction plate is obtained through the high-speed camera, and the load result is obtained through analysis by a digital image correlation method, so that the thermal fatigue load borne by the friction plate in the thermal simulation test can be accurately obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction plate test and test, relates to a friction plate thermal fatigue load characteristic test, and particularly relates to a friction plate thermal fatigue load full-field test method.
Background
Clutches are an important component in the transmission system, which directly affects the normal operation and driving safety of the vehicle. The friction plate is one of the main parts of the clutch, and the thermal stress caused by friction work generated between the friction pairs in a friction state has great influence on the performance of the clutch. The friction pair surface temperature distribution is more uniform in the initial extremely short time in the friction sliding process, but along with the progress of heat generation and heat conduction, the friction pair surface temperature distribution is not more uniform, the difference is larger in temperature gradient, the expansion deformation amount of each part of the friction plate is inconsistent, and therefore, the thermal stress is generated. The magnitude of the thermal stress of each point in the working process changes along with the change of the conditions such as temperature, constraint and the like. Once the value increases beyond the yield point of the material, irreversible plastic strain occurs in the material and the friction plate undergoes permanent deformation.
The friction plate thermal simulation test simulates the accumulation of heat generated in the friction process of the friction plate, and the thermal fatigue load characteristic of the friction plate is researched in cooperation with temperature and stress tests, so that the method has important significance for the anti-fatigue design of the friction plate. The thermal fatigue load of the friction plate is obtained, the thermal stress is solved, and the temperature field and the strain and stress field are determined. The conventional general thermal fatigue load acquisition method is to measure the temperature of different positions on the surface of a friction plate by adopting a thermocouple contact method or an infrared temperature measurement sensor non-contact method, and a high-temperature strain gauge acquires stress strain at each position, so that only limited point data can be acquired, and the full-field temperature distribution and the thermal stress strain distribution of the friction plate are difficult to acquire.
Therefore, aiming at the difficulty in testing the thermal fatigue load of the friction plate, the full-field testing method for the thermal fatigue load of the friction plate is innovatively provided, and the problems that the thermal fatigue load is difficult to test in the thermal simulation test of the friction plate, and the full-field temperature and the stress distribution of the friction plate cannot be obtained are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a full-field test method for thermal fatigue loads of friction plates, and solves the problems that the existing thermal fatigue load test of the friction plates can only obtain limited data and cannot realize the full-field test.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a full-field test method for a thermal fatigue load of a friction plate comprises the following steps: acquiring a surface temperature field of the friction plate by a thermal imager, namely by adopting an infrared thermal imaging method; acquiring a surface image of the friction plate through a high-speed camera and analyzing by adopting a digital image correlation method to obtain a load result; the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: manufacturing speckles on the surface of the friction plate;
s2, placing and adjusting the thermal imager and the high-speed camera; the positions of the thermal imager and the high-speed camera are kept unchanged, and the thermal imager and the high-speed camera shoot the friction plate set area;
s3: a thermal imager and a high-speed camera collect temperature distribution images and speckle images of the friction plate at room temperature;
s4: after the surface of the friction plate rises to a specified temperature A, acquiring a temperature distribution image of a thermal imager of the friction plate and a speckle image of a high-speed camera at the specified temperature A;
s5: the surface of the friction plate is heated to the specified temperature B, C … …, and under each temperature, the temperature distribution image of the thermal imager of the friction plate and the speckle image of the high-speed camera are collected; acquiring surface temperature distribution images and speckle images of the friction plate at different temperatures;
s6: and for the speckle images, the speckle images of the surface of the friction plate at room temperature are used as reference, the strain field and the stress field of the friction plate at each specified temperature are calculated, and the full-field thermal fatigue load at different temperatures is obtained by combining the temperature distribution images of the surface of the friction plate.
Further, in step S1, the speckles on the surface of the friction plate are randomly distributed on the surface of the friction plate, that is, they cannot be regularly arranged; the speckles are uniformly distributed on the whole surface and have consistent sizes.
Further, in step S1, the requirement for the speckle size of the friction plate is: one speckle in a speckle image acquired by a high-speed camera is 3-4 pixels; in a certain area near the tooth profile of the friction plate, the size and the number of speckles meet the following requirements: the total area of speckles is equivalent to the total area of non-speckles.
Further, the speckles are made of matte white paint and black paint, and high-temperature resistant paint is adopted.
Further, in step S2, the friction plate setting area is vertically photographed by the high-speed camera.
Further, after the speckles on the surface of the friction plate are completely solidified, the friction plate is arranged on a device for heating the friction plate, and the position of the friction plate is fixed and kept unchanged; then, step S2 is performed.
Further, the friction plate is mounted in a device for heating the friction plate, and the heating temperature of the heating device is set according to the required temperature.
Further, in step S6, the speckle images obtained by the high-speed camera are imported into DIC analysis software, a sub-region of interest is set, the speckle images on the surface of the friction plate at room temperature are used as a reference, and the strain field and the stress field of the friction plate at each specified temperature are calculated to obtain a temperature-stress strain curve.
A full-field test method for a thermal fatigue load of a friction plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: acquiring a surface temperature field of the friction plate by a thermal imager, namely by adopting an infrared thermal imaging method; acquiring an image through a high-speed camera and analyzing by adopting a digital image correlation method to obtain a load result; the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) manufacturing speckles on the surface of the friction plate;
2) keeping the position of the friction plate unchanged;
3) placing and adjusting a thermal imager and a high-speed camera; the positions of the thermal imaging camera and the high-speed camera are kept unchanged, and the high-speed camera vertically shoots the set area of the friction plate,
4) a thermal imager and a high-speed camera collect temperature and speckle images of the friction plate at room temperature;
5) starting a heating device, setting a specified temperature A, and heating the friction plate;
6) after the surface of the friction plate rises to a specified temperature A, collecting a temperature distribution image and a speckle image of the friction plate at the specified temperature A;
7) setting an appointed temperature B, C … …, repeating the step 5 and the step 6, and acquiring surface temperature distribution images and speckle images of the friction plate at different temperatures;
8) setting an interested sub-region for the speckle image acquired by the high-speed camera, taking the speckle image on the surface of the friction plate at room temperature as a reference, calculating the strain field and the stress field of the friction plate at each specified temperature, and combining the surface temperature distribution acquired by an infrared thermal imaging method to acquire the full-field thermal fatigue load at different temperatures.
Further, fitting to obtain a temperature-stress strain curve of any point in the sub-region.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the infrared thermal imaging method and the DIC test have the characteristics of strong anti-interference capability, high precision, wide measurable range, no damage to the surface load distribution of the friction plate and the like, so that the thermal fatigue load full-field test method for the friction plate can accurately obtain the thermal fatigue load borne by the friction plate in the thermal simulation test, and can extract and fit to obtain a temperature-stress strain curve of any point. Meanwhile, the method is a non-contact measurement, has good operability, can acquire the heat load distribution of any region of interest, and provides an effective and reliable method for acquiring the heat fatigue load of the friction plate for researching the heat fatigue load characteristics of the friction plate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a full-field testing method for thermal fatigue load of a friction plate according to the invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a principle of obtaining a surface temperature field of a friction plate by an infrared thermal imaging method
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for obtaining a surface stress strain field of a friction plate by DIC
FIG. 4 DIC speckle image of friction plate surface
FIG. 5 different point temperature-strain diagram
FIG. 6 different point temperature-stress diagrams
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below.
The method of the invention comprises the following steps:
the content one is as follows: acquiring a surface temperature field of the friction plate by an infrared thermal imaging method through a thermal imager;
and II, content II: images required for DIC analysis are captured by a high-speed camera.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) manufacturing speckles on the surface of the friction plate, as shown in FIG. 4;
2) installing the friction plate in a device for heating the friction plate, and ensuring the position of the friction plate to be kept unchanged;
3) placing and adjusting a thermal imager and a high-speed camera;
4) collecting the surface temperature and speckle images of the friction plate at room temperature;
5) starting a heating device to heat the friction plate, setting a specified temperature A, and heating the friction plate;
6) after the surface of the friction plate is heated to a specified temperature A, collecting the temperature and speckle images of the friction plate at the specified temperature A;
7) setting an appointed temperature B, C … …, and repeating the steps 5 and 6 to obtain the surface temperature and speckle images of the friction plate at different temperatures;
8) setting an interested sub-area for the speckle image acquired by the high-speed camera, taking the speckle image on the surface of the friction plate at room temperature as a reference, calculating the strain field and the stress field of the friction plate at each specified temperature by adopting a DIC (digital computer) method, combining the surface temperature distribution acquired by an infrared thermal imaging method, acquiring the full-field thermal fatigue load at different temperatures, and extracting and fitting to obtain a temperature-stress strain curve of any point, as shown in fig. 5 and 6.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
in the thermal simulation test of the friction plate, the temperature of different positions of the near friction surface is measured by adopting a thermocouple contact method or an infrared thermometer non-contact method in the existing test method, the stress strain of each position is obtained by the high-temperature strain gauge, and the limited point data can only be obtained by the existing method.
The method disclosed by the invention is combined with an infrared thermal imaging method and a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method to realize the full-field test of the thermal fatigue load on the surface of the friction plate, and can extract a temperature-stress strain curve at any point.
The infrared thermal imaging method uses the photoelectric technology to detect the infrared specific wave band signal of the object heat radiation, converts the signal into the image and graph for visual resolution, and can further calculate the temperature value. In the thermal simulation test process, along with the change of the surface temperature of the friction plate, the thermal radiation intensity and the wavelength distribution characteristic of the friction plate are changed, so that the surface temperature field of the friction plate can be obtained by adopting an infrared thermal imaging method.
Compared with a thermocouple and an infrared temperature measurement sensor, the full-field temperature of the surface of the friction plate can be measured by an infrared thermal imaging method, the limit of a detection distance is avoided, and the temperature distribution of the surface of the friction plate is not damaged.
DIC is to obtain deformation information of corresponding areas through related calculation of two digital images before and after the deformation of the test piece. The basic principle is to grid the region of interest in the pre-deformation image, and treat each sub-region as rigid motion. And then, for each sub-region, performing correlation calculation according to a predefined correlation function by a certain search method, searching the position of the sub-region after deformation in the deformed image, and further obtaining the displacement of the sub-region. And calculating all the subregions to obtain the stress-strain information of the full field. In the thermal simulation process, the friction plate deforms under the action of temperature load, so that the stress strain field of the friction plate in the heating process can be obtained through DIC.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out speckle processing on the surface of the friction plate by a paint spraying method, processing different speckle images before and after deformation of the friction plate by utilizing DIC (digital image computer), and obtaining deformation information of the surface of the friction plate mainly by matching geometric points of the speckle images of the surface of the friction plate so as to obtain a stress strain field of the friction plate in the heating process.
Compared with a high-temperature strain gauge testing method, the method has loose requirements on testing environment, and has the advantages of full-field measurement, strong anti-interference capability, no damage to the surface stress strain field of the friction plate and the like.
Based on the principle analysis, the invention provides a full-field test method for the thermal fatigue load of a friction plate, which is suitable for the full-field (certain one) test of the thermal fatigue load of the surface of the friction plate in the thermal simulation test of the friction plate.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
friction plate surface (DIC) speckle fabrication, as shown in figure 4. The quality of speckles directly influences the accuracy of a result, firstly white paint is uniformly coated on the surface of a friction plate, and black paint is randomly sprayed after the friction plate is solidified, so that the speckles on the surface of the friction plate are randomly distributed and cannot be regularly arranged; and the speckles are distributed uniformly over the entire surface.
It is characterized in that: high-temperature resistant paint is needed to avoid speckle oxidation or dropping at high temperature; the speckle images need to be supplemented with light, so that matte paint is adopted to avoid surface reflection caused by light supplementation and large test errors; sufficient speckles at the stress concentration positions of the friction plate are used as a reference to determine the size of the speckles, so that the distribution of surface stress strain can be accurately obtained; and the size of the speckles needs to ensure that one speckle is 3-4 pixels in the speckle image acquired by the high-speed camera.
For example: the tooth shape of the friction plate is a stress concentration position. Sufficient speckle means that the total area of speckle is comparable to the total area of non-speckle in the defined area.
2) After the speckles on the surface of the friction plate are completely solidified, mounting the friction plate on a heat load simulation device (a device for heating the friction plate), and fixing the position of the friction plate to be kept unchanged;
3) placing and adjusting a thermal imager and a high-speed camera to collect the whole appearance or an interesting area of the friction plate, and supplementing light if the brightness is not enough; in the testing process, the positions of a thermal imager and a high-speed camera are required to be kept unchanged in the whole process, and the high-speed camera is required to vertically shoot a friction plate area as far as possible so as to ensure the accuracy of DIC stress-strain analysis;
4) collecting the temperature and speckle images of the friction plate at room temperature by using a thermal imager and a high-speed camera;
5) starting a thermal simulation device (heating a friction plate), setting a specified temperature A, and heating the friction plate;
6) after the surface of the friction plate is heated to a specified temperature A, removing the heating device on the surface of the friction plate, and collecting the temperature distribution and speckle images of the friction plate at the specified temperature A;
7) setting an appointed temperature B, C … …, and repeating the steps 5 and 6 to obtain the surface temperature and speckle images of the friction plate at different temperatures;
8) the speckle images acquired by the high-speed camera are imported into DIC analysis software (a digital image correlation method is adopted), interested sub-areas are set, the speckle images on the surface of the friction plate at room temperature are used as reference, the strain field and the stress field of the friction plate at each specified temperature are calculated, the surface temperature distribution acquired by an infrared thermal imaging method is combined, the full-field (in the whole area needing to be set) thermal fatigue loads at different temperatures are obtained, and a temperature-stress-strain curve at any point is obtained through extraction and fitting, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
Claims (10)
1. A full-field test method for a thermal fatigue load of a friction plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: acquiring a surface temperature field of the friction plate by a thermal imager, namely by adopting an infrared thermal imaging method; acquiring a surface image of the friction plate through a high-speed camera and analyzing by adopting a digital image correlation method to obtain a load result; the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: manufacturing speckles on the surface of the friction plate;
s2, placing and adjusting the thermal imager and the high-speed camera; the positions of the thermal imager and the high-speed camera are kept unchanged, the thermal imager and the high-speed camera shoot the set area of the friction plate,
s3: a thermal imager and a high-speed camera collect temperature distribution images and speckle images of the friction plate at room temperature;
s4: after the surface of the friction plate rises to a specified temperature A, acquiring a temperature distribution image of a thermal imager of the friction plate and a speckle image of a high-speed camera at the specified temperature A;
s5: the surface of the friction plate is heated to the specified temperature B, C … …, and under each temperature, the temperature distribution image of the thermal imager of the friction plate and the speckle image of the high-speed camera are collected; acquiring surface temperature distribution images and speckle images of the friction plate at different temperatures;
s6: and for the speckle images, the speckle images of the surface of the friction plate at room temperature are used as reference, the strain field and the stress field of the friction plate at each specified temperature are calculated, and the full-field thermal fatigue load at different temperatures is obtained by combining the temperature distribution images of the surface of the friction plate.
2. The full field test method for the thermal fatigue load of the friction plate as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the speckles on the surface of the friction plate are randomly distributed on the surface of the friction plate, that is, they cannot be regularly arranged; the speckles are uniformly distributed on the whole surface and have consistent sizes.
3. The full field test method for the thermal fatigue load of the friction plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the requirement for the speckle size of the friction plate is as follows: one speckle in a speckle image acquired by a high-speed camera is 3-4 pixels; in a certain area near the tooth profile of the friction plate, the size and the number of speckles meet the following requirements: the total area of speckles is equivalent to the total area of non-speckles.
4. The full-field test method for the thermal fatigue load of the friction plate as recited in claim 1, wherein the speckles are made of matte white paint and black paint, and high temperature resistant paint.
5. The full field test method for the thermal fatigue load of the friction plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the high speed camera vertically photographs the friction plate setting area.
6. The full-field test method for the thermal fatigue load of the friction plate as recited in claim 1, wherein after speckles on the surface of the friction plate are completely solidified, the friction plate is installed on a device for heating the friction plate, and the position of the friction plate is fixed to be kept unchanged; then, step S2 is performed.
7. The full field test method for the thermal fatigue load of the friction plate as recited in claim 1, wherein the friction plate is installed in a device for heating the friction plate, and the heating temperature of the heating device is set according to a desired temperature.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S6, the speckle images obtained by the high-speed camera are further introduced into DIC analysis software, a sub-region of interest is set, and the strain field and the stress field of the friction plate at each specified temperature are calculated with reference to the speckle images on the surface of the friction plate at room temperature, so as to obtain a temperature-stress strain curve.
9. A full-field test method for a thermal fatigue load of a friction plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: acquiring a surface temperature field of the friction plate by a thermal imager, namely by adopting an infrared thermal imaging method; acquiring an image through a high-speed camera and analyzing by adopting a digital image correlation method to obtain a load result; the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) manufacturing speckles on the surface of the friction plate;
2) keeping the position of the friction plate unchanged;
3) placing and adjusting a thermal imager and a high-speed camera; the positions of the thermal imaging camera and the high-speed camera are kept unchanged, and the high-speed camera vertically shoots the set area of the friction plate,
4) a thermal imager and a high-speed camera collect temperature and speckle images of the friction plate at room temperature;
5) starting a heating device, setting a specified temperature A, and heating the friction plate;
6) after the surface of the friction plate rises to a specified temperature A, collecting a temperature distribution image and a speckle image of the friction plate at the specified temperature A;
7) setting an appointed temperature B, C … …, repeating the step 5 and the step 6, and acquiring surface temperature distribution images and speckle images of the friction plate at different temperatures;
8) setting an interested sub-region for the speckle image acquired by the high-speed camera, taking the speckle image on the surface of the friction plate at room temperature as a reference, calculating the strain field and the stress field of the friction plate at each specified temperature, and combining the surface temperature distribution acquired by an infrared thermal imaging method to acquire the full-field thermal fatigue load at different temperatures.
10. The full field test method for the thermal fatigue load of the friction plate as recited in claim 9, wherein a temperature-stress strain curve at any point in a subregion is obtained by fitting.
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| CN114088762A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-02-25 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Method and device for testing equivalent hot spot local thermal fatigue load of floating friction plate |
| CN114117826A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-03-01 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Cross-scale fatigue life prediction method and device for floating friction plate |
| CN114117826B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-29 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Cross-scale fatigue life prediction method and device for floating friction plate |
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