CN105784184A - Temperature-strain integrated measuring method in high-temperature tension test - Google Patents

Temperature-strain integrated measuring method in high-temperature tension test Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105784184A
CN105784184A CN201610149023.8A CN201610149023A CN105784184A CN 105784184 A CN105784184 A CN 105784184A CN 201610149023 A CN201610149023 A CN 201610149023A CN 105784184 A CN105784184 A CN 105784184A
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temperature
gray
scale
initial
strain
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魏榛
陈校生
彭向和
岳兴
杨昌棋
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Chongqing University
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Chongqing University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

A temperature-strain integrated measuring method in high-temperature tension test comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a relation between gray scale and temperature; 2) in the calibration stage: (1) heating material to be detected, collecting temperature change data of points to be measured by a two-color thermometer, and collecting image data simultaneously by an industrial camera; (2) converting the image data into a grey-scale map in a computer and extracting the grey level of the tested points; (3) fitting a formula according to the gray level data and the temperature data; and (4) determining parameters A and B; and 3) in the measuring stage: (1) extracting initial coordinates and initial grayscale characteristics of two mark points in an initial grey-scale map; and (2) converting the grey-scale map into a temperature map according to the relation between gray scale and temperature and the parameters A and B obtained in the calibration stage, so that full-field temperature can be obtained in real time. Meanwhile, by utilizing the initial grayscale characteristics of the two mark points and through an initial scale distance L and a follow-up scale distance L', scale distance change delta L can be obtained, thereby obtaining axial strain delta L/L. Through the utilization of the two-color thermometer and the high-resolution industrial camera, both high-precision full-field high temperature measurement and high-precision strain measurement are realized.

Description

The integral measurement method of a kind of temperature-strain in high temperature tension test
Technical field
The invention belongs to temperature and strain measurement technique field, particularly under superhigh temperature to whole regional temperature field and axial strain The temperature simultaneously measured-strain integral measurement method.
Background technology
At present, thermometric instruments is broadly divided into contact and contactless two big classes.Conventional contact type measurement instrument is mainly wrapped Include thermocouple, resistance thermometer and semiconductor thermistor thermometer etc., be characterized in simple, intuitive and reliable.But, it is surveyed The temperature universal office of scope is in less than 2000 DEG C, and the temperature of testee is easily impacted by the mode contacted；And grasp in reality In work, its poor dynamic, the reaction time is long.Another kind of is the contactless thermometric instruments utilizing radiation theory to develop, Mainly include the infrared thermometer of infrared band thermometric, utilize the two-color thermometer etc. of the ratio of the radiation intensity of different-waveband.With red As a example by outer thermal imaging system, its fast response time, the temperature field of whole plane can be obtained, the temperature field of testee is not had any dry Disturbing, but its resolution ratio is relatively low, certainty of measurement is poor, is easily subject to the impact of airborne dust in visual field.Two-color thermometer measures essence Degree height, is not affected by airborne dust, but the method can only measure temperature a little at present, it is impossible to measure the temperature field in whole territory.
Similarly, strain measuring instrument is also classified into contact and contactless two big classes.The strain measurement instrument master of contact Strain ga(u)ge to be included, extensometer etc., it is easy to use.Such as resistance strain gage method, just may be used by Wheatstone bridge Record the strain of a bit.But foil gauge is sensitive to the temperature of measured point, and result can be caused by the fluctuation of temperature, coupled thermomechanics effect The biggest impact.Due to the restriction of resistance-strain sheet material, it uses temperature to be also unable to reach higher temperature.Development in recent years The contactless method got up is mainly loading by means of digital image correlation method, can realize the measurement of strain field at 1200 DEG C, it is difficult to further It is applied to the measurement under higher temperature: be on the one hand that the preparation of high temperature lower surface speckle encounters challenge, be on the other hand under high temperature What the decorrelation effect that oxidation and heat radiation cause caused cannot measure.
Additionally, existing temperature and strain measurement system are all the most independent systems, needs are measured simultaneously to temperature and strain Situation, there is no the system of temperature-strain integrated measuring.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is contemplated to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, the method designing a kind of temperature-strain integrated measuring.
Temperature involved in the present invention-strain integral measurement method, its step is as follows:
1.) set up gray scale and temperature relation
Wien equation
Wherein M (λ, T) is radiation intensity, and λ is spectral wavelength, and T is temperature, and ε (λ, T) is material emissivity, C1And C2It is One and second Planck's constant.
Gray scale and radiation intensity conversion formula G (λ, T)=RS (λ) M (λ, T) (2)
Wherein G (λ, T) is gray value, and R is instrumental constant, and S (λ) is opto-electronic conversion spectrum sensitivity.
Bring formula (2) into formula (1), be integrated obtaining in visible-range
G ( T ) = ∫ λ 1 λ 2 R S ( λ ) ϵ ( λ , T ) C 1 λ 5 · e - C 2 λ T d λ - - - ( 3 )
Wherein λ1And λ2The lower limit of wavelength and the upper limit for visible ray.
It is further assumed that the relation of gray scale and temperature is
G ( T ) = Ae B T - - - ( 4 )
Wherein assume ε (λ, T)=ε1(λ)·ε2(T),A and B is often Number, has i.e. obtained the relation of gray scale-temperature.
2.) calibration phase
(1) heating detected materials, in heating process, Two-color Measure Thermometer gathers the delta data of tested point temperature, and industrial camera is same Time gather view data；
(2) in a computer view data is converted to gray-scale map, extracts the gray value of measured point；
(3) according to gradation data and temperature data fitting formula (4), parameter A and B numerical value are determined.
3.) measuring phases
(1) by the image of material surface under industrial camera one normal temperature of shooting, convert the image into gray-scale map in a computer, carry Take coordinate and the gray feature of 2 mark points in gray-scale map, thus obtain the initial ash of initial gage L and the two mark point of 2 mark points Degree feature；
(2) industrial camera capturing material view data at high temperature is converted to gray-scale map on computers, according to the gray scale-temperature of formula (4) Gray-scale map is converted to hygrogram by parameter A and B that degree relation and calibration phase obtain, thus obtains the temperature of the whole audience in real time.Meanwhile, Utilize the initial gray feature of 2 mark points, gray-scale map marks according to loading by means of digital image correlation method search two position of point, obtains The coordinate of 2 mark points and gauge length L'.I.e. be can get changes delta L of gauge length by initial gage L and follow-up gauge length L', thus obtain axle To strain Δ L/L.
The present invention uses Two-color Measure Thermometer and industrial camera, it is achieved that temperature-strain integrated measuring.Utilize Two-color Measure Thermometer and height Resolution ratio industrial camera had both achieved high-precision whole audience high-temperature temperature and had measured, and achieved again high-precision strain measurement.The present invention Advantage as follows:
(1) achieving the accurate measurement of whole audience temperature under ultra-high temperature, adaptability is good, overcomes the impact of component environment factor, Avoid difficult problems such as determining emissivity；
(2) measurement of axial strain under ultra-high temperature is achieved；
(3) temperature-strain integrated measuring is achieved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is test specimen and marks accordingly a little
Fig. 2 is heating experimental device in air
Fig. 3 is heating experimental device in vacuum tank
In above-mentioned figure: 1. base plate；2. test specimen supports platform；3. test specimen；4. industry CMOS camera；5. Two-color Measure Thermometer；6. vacuum tank； 7. observation window.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
In Fig. 2, base plate 1 fixes test specimen and supports platform 2, industrial camera 4, Two-color Measure Thermometer 5, test specimen 3 is arranged on Support on platform 2；Regulation industrial camera 4 and the position of Two-color Measure Thermometer 5, make the visual field and the Two-color Measure Thermometer 5 of industrial camera 4 Point for measuring temperature be positioned on test specimen 3.Industrial camera 4 is directly connected with computer, controls its acquisition rate by software, gathers calibration For 1S/s；Two-color Measure Thermometer 5 is connected with computer by capture card, and acquisition rate is set to 10S/s.
After experimental facilities is ready, first carry out grayscaling: use high-power DC power supply that test specimen is heated, when When temperature reaches 1000 DEG C, Two-color Measure Thermometer starts to record temperature data, and test specimen is taken pictures by industrial camera, when temperature reaches pre- If 1500 DEG C time unloading power supply.In a computer the view data of industrial camera collection is converted to gray-scale map, and extracts every The gray value of point for measuring temperature in gray-scale map.Utilize the gradation data and temperature data, gray scale-temperature that fitting theory is derived by obtained Relation, obtains the parameter value in gray scale-temperature relation, thus completes to demarcate.
In the process of measurement, test specimen is constantly heated, and meanwhile, industrial camera constantly gathers the view data of test specimen.In independent development MATLAB program in view data is converted to gray-scale map, and utilize the gray scale temperature relation of demarcation to be converted to by gray-scale map Hygrogram, thus realize the real-time acquisition of whole audience temperature.Meanwhile, the coordinate of test specimen two mark point in Program extraction initial gray figure And gray feature, obtain initial gage and the initial gray feature of two marks point of 2 mark points.Then, 2 mark points are utilized Initial gray feature, marks the position of point in follow-up gray-scale map by MATLAB program according to loading by means of digital image correlation method search two Put, obtain the subsequent coordinates position of 2 mark points and follow-up gauge length.The change of gauge length is obtained by initial gage and follow-up gauge length, Thus obtain axial strain the most in real time.
Embodiment 2:
In Fig. 3, vacuum tank 6, industrial camera 4, Two-color Measure Thermometer 5 are fixed on base plate 1, and test specimen supports platform 2 and is fixed on very In empty van 6, test specimen 3 is installed test specimen and supports on platform 2.Industrial camera 4 and Two-color Measure Thermometer 5 observe position through observation window 7 In the test specimen within vacuum tank 6, regulation industrial camera 4 and the position of Two-color Measure Thermometer 5, make the visual field of industrial camera 4 with double The point for measuring temperature of look temperature measurer 5 is positioned on test specimen.Industrial camera 4 is directly connected with computer, controls its acquisition rate by software, And the image collected directly is stored in a computer；Two-color Measure Thermometer 5 connects on computers by capture card, capture card Temperature acquisition rate is directly controlled, and the temperature data collected is stored in a computer.
After experimental facilities is ready, first carry out grayscaling: vacuum tank is vacuumized, use high power DC electricity Test specimen is heated by source, and when temperature reaches 1000 DEG C, Two-color Measure Thermometer starts to record temperature data, and test specimen is entered by industrial camera Row is taken pictures, and unloads power supply when temperature reaches default 1500 DEG C.The view data conversion in a computer industrial camera gathered For gray-scale map, and extract the gray value of point for measuring temperature in every gray-scale map.Utilizing the gradation data and temperature data obtained, matching is managed Gray scale-temperature relation that opinion is derived by, obtains the parameter value in gray scale-temperature relation, thus completes to demarcate.
In the process of measurement, test specimen is constantly heated, and meanwhile, industrial camera constantly gathers the view data of test specimen.In independent development MATLAB program in view data is converted to gray-scale map, and according to the gray scale-temperature relation obtained in calibration process by ash Degree figure is converted to hygrogram, it is achieved thereby that the real-time acquisition of the temperature of the whole audience.Meanwhile, test specimen in Program extraction initial gray figure The coordinate of 2 mark points and gray feature, obtain initial gage and the initial gray feature of two marks point of 2 mark points.Then, Utilize the initial gray feature of 2 mark points, searched according to loading by means of digital image correlation method in follow-up gray-scale map by MATLAB program The position of rope two mark point, obtains the subsequent coordinates position of 2 mark points and follow-up gauge length.By initial gage and follow-up gauge length Obtain the change of gauge length, thus obtain axial strain the most in real time.

Claims (1)

1. temperature-strain integral measurement method, is characterized in that the method step is as follows:
1.) set up gray scale and temperature relation
Wien equation
Wherein M (λ, T) is radiation intensity, and λ is spectral wavelength, and T is temperature, and ε (λ, T) is material emissivity, C1And C2It is the first and second Planck's constants；
Gray scale and radiation intensity conversion formula G (λ, T)=RS (λ) M (λ, T) (2)
Wherein G (λ, T) is gray value, and R is instrumental constant, and S (λ) is opto-electronic conversion spectrum sensitivity；
Bring formula (2) into formula (1), be integrated obtaining in visible-range
Wherein λ1And λ2The lower limit of wavelength and the upper limit for visible ray；
It is further assumed that the relation of gray scale and temperature is
Wherein assume ε (λ, T)=ε1(λ)·ε2(T),A and B is constant, has i.e. obtained the relation of gray scale-temperature；
2.) calibration phase
(1) heating detected materials, in heating process, Two-color Measure Thermometer gathers the delta data of tested point temperature, and industrial camera gathers view data simultaneously；
(2) in a computer view data is converted to gray-scale map, extracts the gray value of measured point；
(3) according to gradation data and temperature data fitting formula (4), parameter A and B numerical value are determined；
3.) measuring phases
(1) by the image of material surface under industrial camera one normal temperature of shooting, convert the image into gray-scale map in a computer, extract coordinate and the gray feature of 2 mark points in gray-scale map, thus obtain the initial gray feature of initial gage L and the two mark point of 2 mark points；
(2) industrial camera capturing material view data at high temperature is converted to gray-scale map on computers, gray-scale map is converted to hygrogram by parameter A and B that gray scale-temperature relation according to formula (4) and calibration phase obtain, thus obtains the temperature of the whole audience in real time；Meanwhile, utilize the initial gray feature of 2 mark points, gray-scale map marks according to loading by means of digital image correlation method search two position of point, obtains coordinate and the gauge length L' of 2 mark points；I.e. be can get changes delta L of gauge length by initial gage L and follow-up gauge length L', thus obtain axial strain Δ L/L.
CN201610149023.8A 2016-03-16 2016-03-16 Temperature-strain integrated measuring method in high-temperature tension test Pending CN105784184A (en)

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CN108344373A (en) * 2017-01-24 2018-07-31 通用电气公司 The method for making the component with integral type strain indicator
CN108344372A (en) * 2017-01-23 2018-07-31 通用电气公司 The method for making and monitoring the component with integral type strain indicator
CN109839072A (en) * 2019-02-27 2019-06-04 东南大学 A kind of method and device in the temperature field based on DIC and deformation field synchro measure
CN110081981A (en) * 2018-01-26 2019-08-02 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司 Thermometry
CN112067132A (en) * 2020-07-13 2020-12-11 北京化工大学 Flame high-temperature measurement calibration method based on random consistency sampling technology
CN112577439A (en) * 2020-12-03 2021-03-30 华中科技大学 Microelectronic substrate warpage measurement method and system based on infrared and optical images
CN112762812A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-05-07 南京航空航天大学 Dynamic strain measurement system resistant to intense pulse radiation
CN114509166A (en) * 2022-01-27 2022-05-17 重庆大学 High transient high temperature plasma temperature measurement system
CN114688990A (en) * 2020-12-28 2022-07-01 北京振兴计量测试研究所 Multi-parameter three-dimensional measuring device, system and method based on light field camera

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108344372A (en) * 2017-01-23 2018-07-31 通用电气公司 The method for making and monitoring the component with integral type strain indicator
CN108344372B (en) * 2017-01-23 2022-06-03 通用电气公司 Method of making and monitoring a component having an integral strain indicator
CN108344373A (en) * 2017-01-24 2018-07-31 通用电气公司 The method for making the component with integral type strain indicator
CN110081981B (en) * 2018-01-26 2021-09-03 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司 Temperature measuring method
CN110081981A (en) * 2018-01-26 2019-08-02 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司 Thermometry
CN109839072A (en) * 2019-02-27 2019-06-04 东南大学 A kind of method and device in the temperature field based on DIC and deformation field synchro measure
CN109839072B (en) * 2019-02-27 2020-02-18 东南大学 DIC-based temperature field and deformation field synchronous measurement method and device
CN112067132A (en) * 2020-07-13 2020-12-11 北京化工大学 Flame high-temperature measurement calibration method based on random consistency sampling technology
CN112577439A (en) * 2020-12-03 2021-03-30 华中科技大学 Microelectronic substrate warpage measurement method and system based on infrared and optical images
CN114688990A (en) * 2020-12-28 2022-07-01 北京振兴计量测试研究所 Multi-parameter three-dimensional measuring device, system and method based on light field camera
CN114688990B (en) * 2020-12-28 2023-11-03 北京振兴计量测试研究所 Multi-parameter three-dimensional measurement device, system and method based on light field camera
CN112762812A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-05-07 南京航空航天大学 Dynamic strain measurement system resistant to intense pulse radiation
CN114509166A (en) * 2022-01-27 2022-05-17 重庆大学 High transient high temperature plasma temperature measurement system
CN114509166B (en) * 2022-01-27 2024-02-23 重庆大学 High-transient high-temperature plasma temperature measurement system

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