CN111288884A - Device and method for measuring blade tip clearance based on closed environment - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring blade tip clearance based on closed environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111288884A CN111288884A CN202010220109.1A CN202010220109A CN111288884A CN 111288884 A CN111288884 A CN 111288884A CN 202010220109 A CN202010220109 A CN 202010220109A CN 111288884 A CN111288884 A CN 111288884A
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- tip clearance
- blade tip
- blade
- rotor
- measuring device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring a tip clearance based on a closed environment, wherein the tip clearance measuring device is used for being nested and installed on a rotor blade to be detected, the rotor blade is positioned in a casing, the tip clearance measuring device comprises a capacitance sensor, a detection circuit unit, a wireless transmission module, a power supply battery and a fastening device, the capacitance sensor is arranged at the top of the tip clearance measuring device, and the radial position of the tip clearance measuring device is adjusted by adjusting the fastening device so that a polar plate of the capacitance sensor is parallel to the top end of the rotor blade; the capacitance sensor, the detection circuit unit and the wireless transmission module are sequentially connected, and the power supply battery is used for providing electric energy required by the blade tip clearance measuring device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of blade tip clearance measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring blade tip clearance based on a closed environment.
Background
In rotary machines such as aero-engines, gas turbines, steam turbines, etc., the minute distance between the tip of a rotor blade and the inner wall of a casing is called the tip clearance, which is one of the important parameters affecting the performance of the rotary machine. The reduction of the blade tip clearance can reduce the fuel consumption rate and obviously improve the operation efficiency of the rotary machine, but the too small blade tip clearance value can cause the collision and friction of the blade and the casing, and the operation safety of the rotary machine is seriously damaged. Therefore, the blade tip clearance measurement technology has important significance for improving the performance of the rotating machinery and guaranteeing the safe operation of the rotating machinery.
At present, mature blade tip clearance measuring methods include a discharge probe method, a laser triangulation method, an optical fiber bundle method, an eddy current method, a capacitance method and a microwave method, except the eddy current method, no hole needs to be formed when a casing is thin, sensors need to be installed on the surfaces of the casings in other methods, and clearance value measurement is achieved by measuring the distance between the top end of a blade and the top end of each sensor. The method breaks the tightness of the internal environment of the rotary machine, easily causes fluid leakage, and meanwhile, the opening of the casing is a permanent damage, and once a measuring point is replaced, the opening needs to be made again, so that great damage is caused to the rotary machine, and faults are easily caused.
In order to ensure the sealing property of the environment of the rotating machine, a common blade tip clearance measuring method is a plasticine method. The plasticine is uniformly coated on the inner wall of the casing, redundant plasticine can be cut off by the blades rotating at high speed, and the height of the residual plasticine is measured after the machine is stopped, namely the minimum value of the blade tip clearance in the working process. The method is simple to implement, low in cost and incapable of causing any damage to the rotating machinery, but the measurement precision is low, the minimum value of the clearance of the primary blade in the whole working process can be measured only, the measurement can be carried out only when the machine is started and stopped, and the real-time value of the blade tip clearance cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that in the prior art, the closed environment of a rotating machine is damaged, the measurement precision of a clearance value is low, the minimum clearance value of a primary rotor blade in the whole working process can only be measured, and the real-time display of the clearance values of a plurality of blades cannot be realized, and provides a blade tip clearance measurement device and a blade tip clearance measurement method which are suitable for the closed environment, can realize the high-precision and real-time performance of a plurality of blades, and have simple structure and low cost.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a blade tip clearance measuring device based on a closed environment is used for being nested and installed on a rotor blade to be detected, the rotor blade is located in a casing, the blade tip clearance measuring device comprises a capacitance sensor, a detection circuit unit, a wireless transmission module, a power supply battery and a fastening device, the capacitance sensor is arranged at the top of the blade tip clearance measuring device, and the fastening device is adjusted to adjust the radial position of the blade tip clearance measuring device, so that a polar plate of the capacitance sensor is parallel to the top end of the rotor blade; the capacitance sensor, the detection circuit unit and the wireless transmission module are sequentially connected, and the power supply battery is used for providing electric energy required by the blade tip clearance measuring device.
Furthermore, the detection circuit unit comprises a signaling module and a main control chip.
The invention provides another technical scheme as follows:
a blade tip clearance measuring method based on a closed environment comprises the following steps:
(301) the capacitance sensor converts displacement signals from the top end of the rotor blade to the inner wall of the casing into changes of capacitance values, and the changes are transmitted to the detection circuit unit through a sensor cable;
(302) the detection circuit unit comprises a signal modulation module and a main control chip, and the main control chip comprises an ARM and an FPGA; the signal modulation module receives a capacitance signal transmitted by a capacitance sensor cable, converts the capacitance signal into an electric signal after denoising, and transmits the electric signal to the main control chip; the main control chip carries out corresponding calculation according to the received electric signals, carries out back calculation on the electric signals to obtain a blade tip clearance value, and transmits the obtained blade tip clearance value to the wireless transmission module;
(303) the wireless transmission module receives the blade tip clearance value and transmits the blade tip clearance value data to the system upper computer through wireless transmission;
(304) and the upper computer receives the blade tip clearance value and displays the blade tip clearance value in the upper computer software.
The invention also provides another technical scheme as follows:
a design method of a blade tip clearance measuring device based on a closed environment comprises the following steps:
(501) to ensure the gas flow capacity of the rotor blade, the casing height H of the blade tip clearance measuring device should be less than half the rotor blade radius R, i.e. less than half the rotor blade radius R
H<0.SR
(502) When a plurality of blades on the same-stage rotor have the requirement of measuring blade tip clearances, blade tip clearance measuring devices are required to be installed on different blades; in order to enable the tip clearance measuring device to be installed on adjacent rotor blades, the width W of the shell of the tip clearance measuring device should satisfy
Wherein N is the number of rotor blades, R is the radius of the rotor hub, and R is the radius of the rotor blades;
(503) the capacitance signal of the capacitance sensor has errors:
wherein epsilon is a dielectric constant, d is a blade tip clearance value, a is a characteristic length of a polar plate of the capacitance sensor, and theta is a polar plate inclination angle; when the signal error of the capacitive sensor is less than deltaC0When the inclination angle is smaller than theta, the error can be ignored or eliminated through circuit compensation, and then the inclination angle is obtained0When the voltage is applied, the error caused by the change of the inclination angle of the polar plate can be ignored or eliminated by circuit compensation, wherein, Delta C0And theta0Are all constants and are determined by technical level and measurement precision requirements;
(504) the capacitance sensor selects a capacitance polar plate type or a flexible sensing device;
(505) each tip clearance measuring device can be equipped with at least two capacitive sensors for measuring different positions of the same rotor blade.
Furthermore, a plurality of blade tip clearance measuring devices can be installed on a single-stage rotor of the rotary machine, each rotary machine comprises a multi-stage rotor, and data of a plurality of measured blades of the multi-stage rotor can be fused through networking, so that the overall operation state of the rotary machine is obtained.
The utility model provides an application based on apex clearance measuring device under the airtight environment, is applicable to rotary machinery such as aeroengine, gas turbine and steam turbine and measures in real time rotor blade apex clearance under the airtight environment.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the blade tip clearance measuring device is installed and nested on the rotor blade to be detected, so that the blade tip clearance value of the rotor blade can be measured in the closed environment of the rotating mechanical casing, a sensor is not required to be installed on the casing in a punching mode, and damage to the rotating mechanical structure is avoided;
2. the blade tip clearance measuring device can send the measured data to the upper computer in real time through the wireless transmission module, so that the blade tip clearance measuring device can measure the clearance of the blade tip on line in real time in a high-speed rotating state of the rotor blade, and overcomes the defect that the blade tip clearance can only be measured at the starting and stopping time in the traditional clearance measuring method;
3. the blade tip clearance measuring device can send the measured data to the upper computer in real time through the wireless transmission module, can realize real-time online measurement of the blade tip clearance of any rotor blade, and overcomes the defect that only the minimum value of the blade tip clearance in the working process can be measured in the traditional clearance measuring method;
4. the blade tip clearance measuring device is small in size and exquisite in design, and structural damage to a rotating machine cannot be caused, so that a plurality of measuring devices can be simultaneously installed on a single-stage blade;
5. through a wireless transmission technology, tip clearance values of a plurality of blades of the multistage rotor can be measured simultaneously;
6. through a wireless transmission technology, networking of a plurality of measuring devices can be realized, so that good technical support is provided for monitoring of the overall running state of the rotating machinery and data fusion;
7. the flexible sensing device is suitable for complex environments with different blade shapes and narrow gaps;
8. the blade tip clearance measuring device with low cost and high precision is provided for the closed environment of the rotating machinery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the installation of the tip clearance measurement device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of the tip clearance measuring device according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flexible sensing structure of the tip clearance measuring device according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-blade tip clearance measuring device, 2-rotor blade, 3-capacitance sensor, 4-fastening device, 5-casing, 6-power supply battery, 7-detection circuit unit, 8-wireless transmission module, 9-flexible sensing device and 10-obstacle
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The blade tip clearance measuring device 1 based on the closed environment can be nested and installed on a rotor blade 2 needing to be detected, as shown in figure 1. The top end of the tip clearance measuring device 1 is provided with a capacitance sensor 3, the radial relative position of the tip clearance measuring device 1 is adjusted, the capacitance sensor 3 is just placed at the top end of the rotor blade 2 to be measured, and the polar plate of the capacitance sensor 3 is ensured to be parallel to the top end of the rotor blade 2 as far as possible. After the position of the blade tip clearance measuring device 1 is determined, the blade tip clearance measuring device is fixed on the rotor blade 2 through the fastening device 4, so that the blade tip clearance measuring device is prevented from generating play in the high-speed rotation process of the rotor blade 2 and influencing the accuracy of clearance measuring data.
The tip clearance measuring device 1 of the invention calculates the tip clearance value of the rotor blade 2 by measuring the capacitance change between the center electrode at the top end of the rotor blade 2 and the inner wall of the casing 5 based on the capacitance sensor ranging technology. Under the static state of the blade, the capacitance value from the central electrode of the capacitive sensor to the casing is as follows:
wherein ε is a dielectric constant, S is a plate area, d1The distance between the central electrode of the capacitive sensor and the inner wall of the casing. Since the tip clearance measuring device 1 is fixed to the rotor blade 2 by the fastening device 4, the distance from the center electrode of the capacitive sensor 3 to the tip of the rotor blade 2 can be considered to be a fixed value d0Therefore, in the static state of the rotor, the tip clearance of the rotor blade is as follows:
d＝d1+d0
during operation, the rotor blade 2 rotates at high speed at high temperature, the strong centrifugal force and thermal stress may cause the blade to elongate, and the tip clearance measuring device 1 may move along with the rotor blade 2 in the fixed state of the fastening device 4, so that the radial relative position between the tip clearance measuring device and the rotor blade 2 may not change. However, the distance from the central electrode of the capacitive sensor 3 to the top end of the rotor blade 2 may change due to the influence of high temperature and centrifugal force, so that the blade tip clearance of the blade in the moving state of the rotor is:
d＝d1+d′0
wherein, d'0The distance from the central electrode of the capacitive sensor to the top end of the rotor blade in the moving state of the rotor. Therefore, the tip clearance measuring device 1 of the present invention can realize dynamic measurement of the tip clearance of the rotor blade in a high-speed moving state.
In summary, the structural design of the tip clearance measuring device 1 is very critical, and the tip clearance measuring device 1 of the present invention is composed of a capacitive sensor 3, a fastening device 4, a power supply battery 6, a detection circuit unit 7, a wireless transmission module 8, and the like, as shown in fig. 2.
First, the capacitance sensor 3 converts a displacement signal from the tip of the rotor blade 2 to the inner wall of the casing 5 into a change in capacitance value, and transmits the change to the detection circuit unit through the sensor cable. The detection circuit unit 7 then comprises a signaling module of the sensor, a main control chip and the like. The signal adjusting module of the sensor receives the capacitance signals transmitted by the sensor cable, removes noise, converts the capacitance signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the main control chip. The main control chip comprises an ARM (advanced RISC machine), an FPGA (field programmable gate array) and the like, performs corresponding calculation according to the received electric signals, performs back calculation on the electric signals to obtain a blade tip clearance value, and transmits the blade tip clearance value to the wireless transmission module. And finally, the wireless transmission module 8 receives the blade tip clearance value and transmits the data to the upper computer of the system through wireless transmission. And the upper computer receives the blade tip clearance value and displays the value in the upper computer software.
The blade tip clearance measuring device 1 is powered by the battery 6, so that the normal work of the whole system is guaranteed. The blade tip clearance measuring device 1 is fixed on the rotor blade 2 through the fastening device 4, and the fastening device 4 can ensure that the measuring device 1 does not move relative to the rotor blade 2 under the severe working conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high-speed rotation.
Further, in order to enable the blade tip clearance measuring device 1 to work normally in a closed environment of the rotary machine, the blade tip clearance measuring device should be designed according to the working environment of the rotor blade of the rotary machine and with reference to the measurement requirement of the blade tip clearance.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the blade tip clearance measuring device should be designed to be small and exquisite due to the limited space on the rotor of the rotating machine in a closed environment. In order to ensure the gas flow capacity of the rotor blade, the casing height H of the tip clearance measuring device should be less than half the rotor blade radius R, i.e. less than half the rotor blade radius R
H＜0.5R
(2) When the same-stage rotor is required to measure the blade tip clearance of a plurality of blades, a plurality of blade tip clearance measuring devices are required to be installed on different blades. In order to enable the gap measuring device to be mounted on adjacent rotor blades, the width W of the device housing should be such that
Wherein N is the number of rotor blades, R is the rotor hub radius, and R is the rotor blade radius.
(3) The capacitive sensor 3 is arranged at the top end of the rotor blade 2, and the parallel of a polar plate of the capacitive sensor and the top end of the blade needs to be ensured as much as possible during installation. However, due to the influence of installation error, high temperature, high pressure or blade rotation, the polar plate of the capacitive sensor may have an inclination angle, so that the capacitive signal of the capacitive sensor has an error:
wherein epsilon is a dielectric constant, d is a blade tip clearance value, a is a characteristic length of a polar plate of the capacitance sensor, and theta is a polar plate inclination angle. When the error of the capacitance signal is less than deltaC, determined by the detection capability and the calculation level of the circuit0When the inclination angle is smaller than theta, the error can be ignored or eliminated by circuit compensation, and then the inclination angle is known to be smaller than theta0When the plate is in use, the error caused by the change of the inclination angle of the plate can be ignored or eliminated by circuit compensation, wherein, Delta C0And theta0Are all constants determined by technical level and measurement accuracy requirements.
(4) In order to adapt to different application environments, the capacitance sensor has different forms, one of which is a capacitance polar plate type, namely a capacitance sensor 3, and is mainly applied to the environment with simple internal structure and no complex barrier; still another is a flexible sensing device 9, which uses flexible PCB, and is suitable for use in the environment of complicated structure with different blade shapes in the turbine or aeroengine, as shown in fig. 3. The flexible sensing device 9 can bypass the complex barrier 10, pass through a narrow gap, and be fixed on the surface of the blade through a magnet, so that the flexible sensing device cannot generate relative position movement with the rotor blade under the working condition of high-speed rotation. The working principle and design process of the flexible sensor means 9 is still as described above, except that the structure of the sensor itself is slightly different.
(5) Each tip clearance measuring device can be provided with a plurality of sensors, and can measure different positions of the same rotor blade. In addition, a plurality of blade tip clearance measuring devices can be installed on a single-stage rotor of the rotary machine, each rotary machine comprises a multi-stage rotor, and fusion of data of a plurality of measured blades of the multi-stage rotor can be realized through networking, so that the overall operation state of the rotary machine is finally obtained.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many changes and modifications to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A blade tip clearance measuring device based on a closed environment is used for being nested and installed on a rotor blade to be detected, and the rotor blade is located in a casing; the capacitance sensor, the detection circuit unit and the wireless transmission module are sequentially connected, and the power supply battery is used for providing electric energy required by the blade tip clearance measuring device.
2. The device for measuring the blade tip clearance based on the closed environment according to claim 1, wherein the detection circuit unit comprises a signal modulation module and a main control chip.
3. A blade tip clearance measuring method based on a closed environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(301) the capacitance sensor converts displacement signals from the top end of the rotor blade to the inner wall of the casing into changes of capacitance values, and the changes are transmitted to the detection circuit unit through a sensor cable;
(302) the detection circuit unit comprises a signal modulation module and a main control chip, wherein the signal modulation module receives a capacitance signal transmitted by a capacitance sensor cable, converts the capacitance signal into an electric signal after denoising, and transmits the electric signal to the main control chip; the main control chip carries out corresponding calculation according to the received electric signals, carries out back calculation on the electric signals to obtain a blade tip clearance value, and transmits the obtained blade tip clearance value to the wireless transmission module;
(303) the wireless transmission module receives the blade tip clearance value and transmits the blade tip clearance value data to the system upper computer through wireless transmission;
(304) and the upper computer receives the blade tip clearance value and displays the blade tip clearance value in the upper computer software.
4. The method for measuring the blade tip clearance based on the closed environment as claimed in claim 3, wherein the main control chip comprises an ARM and an FPGA.
5. A design method of a blade tip clearance measuring device based on a closed environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(501) to ensure the gas flow capacity of the rotor blade, the casing height H of the blade tip clearance measuring device should be less than half the rotor blade radius R, i.e. less than half the rotor blade radius R
H＜0.5R
(502) When a plurality of blades on the same-stage rotor have the requirement of measuring blade tip clearances, blade tip clearance measuring devices are required to be installed on different blades; in order to enable the tip clearance measuring device to be installed on adjacent rotor blades, the width W of the shell of the tip clearance measuring device should satisfy
Wherein N is the number of rotor blades, R is the radius of the rotor hub, and R is the radius of the rotor blades;
(503) the capacitance signal of the capacitance sensor has errors:
wherein epsilon is a dielectric constant, d is a blade tip clearance value, a is a characteristic length of a polar plate of the capacitance sensor, and theta is a polar plate inclination angle; when the signal error of the capacitive sensor is less than deltaC0When the inclination angle is smaller than theta, the error can be ignored or eliminated through circuit compensation, and then the inclination angle is obtained0When the voltage is applied, the error caused by the change of the inclination angle of the polar plate can be ignored or eliminated by circuit compensation, wherein, Delta C0And theta0Are all constants and are determined by technical level and measurement precision requirements;
(504) the capacitance sensor selects a capacitance polar plate type or a flexible sensing device;
(505) each tip clearance measuring device can be equipped with at least two capacitive sensors for measuring different positions of the same rotor blade.
6. The design method based on the blade tip clearance measuring device in the closed environment is characterized in that a plurality of blade tip clearance measuring devices can be installed on a single-stage rotor of a rotating machine, each rotating machine comprises a multi-stage rotor, and the data of a plurality of measured blades of the multi-stage rotor can be fused through networking, so that the overall operation state of the rotating machine is obtained.
7. The application of the device for measuring the blade tip clearance based on the closed environment is characterized by being suitable for real-time measurement of the blade tip clearance of a rotor blade of a rotating machine in the closed environment.
8. The use of the closed environment-based tip clearance measurement device according to claim 7, wherein the rotating machinery comprises aircraft engines, gas turbines and steam turbines.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010220109.1A CN111288884A (en) | 2020-03-25 | 2020-03-25 | Device and method for measuring blade tip clearance based on closed environment |
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| CN202010220109.1A CN111288884A (en) | 2020-03-25 | 2020-03-25 | Device and method for measuring blade tip clearance based on closed environment |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112097628A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-18 | 上海电气电站设备有限公司 | Method for measuring radial clearance of turbine blade top, capacitance sensor and storage medium |
| CN114152204A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Aero-engine blade tip clearance detection device |
-
2020
- 2020-03-25 CN CN202010220109.1A patent/CN111288884A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112097628A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-18 | 上海电气电站设备有限公司 | Method for measuring radial clearance of turbine blade top, capacitance sensor and storage medium |
| CN114152204A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Aero-engine blade tip clearance detection device |
| CN114152204B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2023-02-21 | 北京航空航天大学 | Aero-engine blade tip clearance detection device |
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