CN108760329B - Low-pressure turbine noise test method and improvement method thereof - Google Patents
Low-pressure turbine noise test method and improvement method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108760329B CN108760329B CN201810487215.9A CN201810487215A CN108760329B CN 108760329 B CN108760329 B CN 108760329B CN 201810487215 A CN201810487215 A CN 201810487215A CN 108760329 B CN108760329 B CN 108760329B
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/14—Testing gas-turbine engines or jet-propulsion engines
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of aeroacoustics of aeroengines, in particular to a low-pressure turbine noise test method and an improvement method thereof. The low-pressure turbine noise test method comprises the following steps of S1: inputting structural parameters of a tested turbine test piece; s2: carrying out numerical simulation analysis on the sound field characteristics of each working condition of the turbine, formulating a test scheme according to the sound field characteristics, and then optimizing the test scheme; s3: setting an allowable error range, and judging whether the error requirement is met; s4: selecting the axial position of the test section as a test point, installing a noise sensor, and starting a test; s5: ensuring that the inlet air temperature of the turbine test piece is kept constant, adjusting the state point, and recording the noise test data of the turbine; s6: the noise test data of the turbine in S5 is corrected. The invention also provides an improved method for the low-pressure turbine noise test, in the method, the step of cooling the temperature of the turbine outlet is added, and a normal-temperature noise sensor is selected, so that the test cost is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aeroacoustics of aeroengines, in particular to a low-pressure turbine noise test method and an improvement method thereof.
Background
At present, the research and the development of the domestic military and civil aviation engines with large bypass ratio are carried out actively, and in the research and the development process, the noise level of the engines is an important index in the design of the engines with large bypass ratio.
In recent 50 years, with the application of large-bypass-ratio aircraft engines, the increasing bypass ratio of civil aircraft engines and the adoption of various noise reduction technologies, the noise of the civil aircraft engines is greatly reduced, so that the noise of fans and jet flows is reduced, the noise problem of other components (such as a low-pressure turbine) is gradually highlighted, and therefore, the noise problem of the low-pressure turbine becomes another important research direction for paying attention to the noise reduction of the civil engines.
At present, the noise related test work of the low-pressure turbine part is not carried out in China, and an effective noise test method of the low-pressure turbine part is lacked. The two methods are respectively under the complete machine test state of the engine or the low-pressure turbine component test state, test and test contents such as a pipeline sound mode, a far-field sound pressure level, sound power and the like are developed, and quantitative detection and test evaluation of the noise characteristic and the radiation intensity of the low-pressure turbine are realized. The first method, namely the whole machine test method, has the advantage of being capable of directly obtaining measurement data, but has the problems of mutual influence and mutual interference of noise of all parts, and the noise characteristics of unaffected low-pressure turbine parts are difficult to directly obtain. Meanwhile, because the internal temperature of the low-pressure turbine of the engine is extremely high, higher requirements are provided for noise testing, and the ultrahigh-temperature noise sensor is expensive in cost, so that the noise testing cost is greatly increased, and millions of yuan of sensor consumption is usually required for one-time testing; the second method, namely the component noise test method, is to test the internal and external noises of the low-pressure turbine on a low-pressure turbine component with a reduced ratio or a full size, so that the problem that the noise of the low-pressure turbine is measured in the complete machine state and the noise of other components is interfered is solved, and the problem that a large number of ultrahigh-temperature noise sensors are expensive is still solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-pressure turbine noise test method and an improved method thereof, so as to solve at least one problem in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a low pressure turbine noise testing method, comprising:
s1: inputting structural parameters of a tested turbine test piece;
s2: carrying out numerical simulation analysis on the sound field characteristics of each working condition of the turbine, formulating a test scheme according to the sound field characteristics, and then optimizing the test scheme;
s3: setting an allowable error range, judging whether the error requirement is met, if not, repeating S2, and if so, carrying out S4;
s4: selecting the axial position of the test section as a measuring point for installation according to the installation condition of instruments and meters on each section of the test piece and the structural characteristics of the test piece, and starting a test;
s5: guarantee turbine test piece inlet air temperature and keep invariable, adjust the state point to the noise test data of admission turbine, concrete step is: changing the expansion ratio and the rotating speed of a turbine test piece by changing the air inlet flow and the pressure of the turbine and the water inlet flow of a dynamometer to change the test state of the low-pressure turbine, keeping the state of the test piece when the test state of the low-pressure turbine reaches a state point 1, starting to record the noise test data of the turbine, adjusting the state of the low-pressure turbine to a state point 2 after recording is finished, keeping the state of the test piece, recording the noise test data of the turbine, repeating the steps if the noise test data of all the state points are not recorded, and if the noise test data of all the state points are recorded, carrying out S6;
s6: the noise test data of the turbine in S5 is corrected.
Optionally, in S1, the structural parameters include intake air flow rate, intake air temperature, expansion ratio, rotation speed, number and distribution of rotor and stator blades, and test piece flow path size.
Optionally, in S2, the preparing of the test plan includes determining the number of the test points and the distribution form of the test points.
Optionally, in S5, the noise test data of the turbine includes aerodynamic performance and acoustic characteristics.
Optionally, in S6, specifically, the method includes: and (4) considering the conversion and correction of the aerodynamic performance parameters, and performing acoustic correction according to the difference between the working state of the turbine and the working state of the actual turbine component.
Optionally, the modification mode is according to the following principle:
a. geometric similarity, i.e. corresponding points are scaled equally;
b. the motions are similar, namely the corresponding point velocity triangles are similar;
c. the power is similar, namely the Mach numbers of corresponding points are equal, and the Strouhal numbers are equal;
d. the Reynolds numbers during the test are all in the self-mode area;
e. and correcting the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the internal noise of the turbine aiming at the condition of constant inlet temperature.
A low pressure turbine noise test improvement method comprises the following steps:
s1: inputting structural parameters of a tested turbine test piece;
s2: carrying out numerical simulation analysis on the sound field characteristics of each working condition of the turbine, formulating a test scheme according to the sound field characteristics, and then optimizing the test scheme;
s3: setting an allowable error range, judging whether the error requirement is met, if not, repeating S2, and if so, carrying out S4;
s4: selecting the axial position of the test section as a measuring point to install a noise sensor according to the installation condition of instruments and meters on each section of the test piece and the structural characteristics of the test piece, and starting a test;
s5: guarantee turbine test piece inlet air temperature and keep invariable, adjust the condition point, monitor turbine outlet temperature, judge whether turbine outlet temperature transfinites, if, then cool down the processing and get back to S5' S initial step again to turbine outlet temperature, if not, then the noise test data of admission turbine, concrete step is: changing the expansion ratio and the rotating speed of a turbine test piece by changing the air inlet flow and the pressure of the turbine and the water inlet flow of a dynamometer to change the test state of the low-pressure turbine, keeping the state of the test piece when the test state of the low-pressure turbine reaches a state point 1, monitoring the temperature of the outlet of the turbine, judging whether the temperature of the outlet of the turbine exceeds the limit, if so, cooling the temperature of the outlet of the turbine and returning to the step of adjusting the test state again, if not, recording the noise test data of the turbine, adjusting the state of the low-pressure turbine to a state point 2 after the recording is finished, keeping the state of the test piece, monitoring the temperature of the outlet of the turbine, judging whether the temperature of the outlet of the turbine exceeds the limit, if so, cooling the temperature of the outlet of the turbine and returning to the step of adjusting the test state again, if not, recording the noise test data of the turbine again, and so on, completing noise test work of all state points, judging whether the test of all state points is completed or not, if not, repeating the step, and if so, performing S6;
s6: the noise test data of the turbine in S5 is corrected.
The invention has the following effects:
the invention relates to a low-pressure turbine noise test method and an improvement method thereof, and provides a test method capable of carrying out noise test on a scaled or full-size low-pressure turbine test piece; the improved method optimizes the low-pressure turbine noise test method, greatly improves the high-temperature severe environment in the turbine noise test process on the premise of ensuring the test precision, and uses the normal-temperature sensor to complete the test, thereby greatly reducing the cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a turbine noise test shafting;
FIG. 2 is a turbine noise test cross-sectional axial position schematic;
FIG. 3 is a schematic turbine noise test cross-sectional circumferential position;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a turbine noise test process;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a low pressure turbine noise test method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a low pressure turbine noise test improvement method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The method for testing the noise of the low-pressure turbine and the improvement method thereof according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1 to 6.
The invention provides a low-pressure turbine noise test method and an improvement method thereof.
Specifically, the low-pressure turbine noise test is carried out on the basis of a conventional low-pressure turbine simulation state performance test, wherein the inlet air temperature and the outlet pressure of a low-pressure turbine test piece are relatively fixed, the state change of the test piece is realized by changing the inlet air flow and the pressure of the low-pressure turbine and adjusting the load (namely, a dynamometer) of the test piece, and the shafting arrangement of the conventional low-pressure turbine performance test is shown in fig. 1 and comprises a dynamometer 1, a gear box 2, a button shaft 3, a test piece 4, an exhaust pipe 5 and a volute 6; the dynamometer 1 is connected with the gear box 2 through a coupling shaft 7, the gear box 2 is connected with the test piece 4 through the button shaft 3, and the test piece 4 is connected with the exhaust pipe 5; the dynamometer 1 is a power consumption device, the gear box 2 is a speed change device, and the torsion shaft 3 is a power measurement device. High-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the low-pressure turbine to drive the turbine to do work, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is changed into low-temperature and normal-pressure gas after the work is done and is discharged into the silencing tower, meanwhile, the output work of the turbine is transmitted to the gear box 2 and the dynamometer 1 through the shafting, and the dynamometer 1 consumes the power generated by the low-pressure turbine. The noise test can be completed by adjusting the air inlet flow, the pressure, the expansion ratio, the rotating speed and the like and controlling the low-pressure turbine to run to a test state.
The following description is directed to a low-pressure turbine noise test process, and the analog noise test is different from the analog noise test of a conventional low-pressure turbine in that the content of the noise test is increased, that is, the section of the noise test and the test mode need to be determined.
The noise test method of the low-pressure turbine of the invention carries out the noise test by the scheme of arranging the noise sensor at the outlet of the low-pressure turbine, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: inputting structural parameters of a tested turbine test piece, wherein the structural parameters comprise air inlet flow, air inlet temperature, expansion ratio, rotating speed, rotor and stator blade number and distribution, flow path size of the test piece and the like;
s2: carrying out numerical simulation analysis on the sound field characteristics of each working condition of the turbine, formulating a test scheme according to the sound field characteristics, and then optimizing the test scheme, wherein the formulating of the test scheme comprises determining the number of the measuring points and the distribution form of the measuring points;
s3: setting an allowable error range, judging whether the error requirement is met, if not, repeating S2, and if so, carrying out S4;
s4: selecting the axial position of a test section (the specific position is shown in figures 2 and 3, wherein 8 is a noise test section, and 9 is a noise sensor) as a measuring point to install the noise sensor according to the installation condition of instruments and meters on each section of the test piece and the structural characteristics of the test piece, and starting a test; when the noise sensor is installed, a specific sensor installation form is adopted, so that on one hand, the sensor can acquire accurate and effective noise data under the condition that the flow characteristic and the sound transmission characteristic of gas in a flow channel are not influenced, and on the other hand, the noise sensor is prevented from falling off or being sucked into the flow channel due to the action of air pressure;
s5: the method has the advantages that the inlet air temperature of the turbine test piece is kept constant (the temperature is kept constant and means that the temperature floats in a small range), the state point is adjusted, noise test data (including pneumatic performance and acoustic characteristics) of the turbine are recorded, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: changing the expansion ratio and the rotating speed of a turbine test piece by changing the air inlet flow and the pressure of the turbine and the water inlet flow of a dynamometer to change the test state of the low-pressure turbine, keeping the state of the test piece when the test state of the low-pressure turbine reaches a state point 1, starting to record the noise test data of the turbine, adjusting the state of the low-pressure turbine to a state point 2 after recording is finished, keeping the state of the test piece, recording the noise test data of the turbine, and so on, finishing the noise test work of all the state points (as shown in figure 4), judging whether to finish the test of all the state points, if not, repeating the step, and if so, carrying out S6;
s6: correcting the noise test data of the turbine in the step S5, specifically: on the one hand, the conversion and correction of the aerodynamic performance parameters need to be considered, and more importantly, the acoustic correction needed due to the difference between the turbine operating state and the actual turbine component operating state. The following similarity criteria should be mainly followed: a. geometric similarity, i.e. corresponding points are scaled equally; b. the motions are similar, namely the corresponding point velocity triangles are similar; c. the power is similar, namely the Mach numbers of corresponding points are equal, and the Strouhal numbers are equal; d. the Reynolds numbers during the test are all in the self-mode area; e. and correcting the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the internal noise of the turbine aiming at the condition of constant inlet temperature.
The development of the low-pressure turbine simulation test is based on a similar principle, the low-pressure turbine simulation noise test is carried out on the basis of the low-pressure turbine performance test, and the low-pressure turbine noise simulation test also needs to establish a corresponding similar principle to guide the low-pressure turbine simulation noise test. Meanwhile, the temperature change of the outlet of the analog low-pressure turbine test piece is large and basically changes from dozens of degrees to hundreds of degrees, and the higher the temperature resistance degree of the existing noise sensor is, the cost of the sensor is doubled and increased, so that a large amount of test cost is correspondingly increased, and the economical efficiency is poor.
In order to reduce the test cost, on the basis of the method, the invention also provides a low-pressure turbine noise test improvement method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: inputting structural parameters of a tested turbine test piece;
s2: carrying out numerical simulation analysis on the sound field characteristics of each working condition of the turbine, formulating a test scheme according to the sound field characteristics, and then optimizing the test scheme;
s3: setting an allowable error range, judging whether the error requirement is met, if not, repeating S2, and if so, carrying out S4;
s4: selecting the axial position of the test section as a measuring point to install a noise sensor according to the installation condition of instruments and meters on each section of the test piece and the structural characteristics of the test piece, and starting a test;
s5: guarantee turbine test piece inlet air temperature and keep invariable, adjust the condition point, monitor turbine outlet temperature, judge whether turbine outlet temperature transfinites, if, then cool down the processing and get back to S5' S initial step again to turbine outlet temperature, if not, then the noise test data of admission turbine, concrete step is: changing the expansion ratio and the rotating speed of a turbine test piece by changing the air inlet flow and the pressure of the turbine and the water inlet flow of a dynamometer to change the test state of the low-pressure turbine, keeping the state of the test piece when the test state of the low-pressure turbine reaches a state point 1, monitoring the temperature of the outlet of the turbine, judging whether the temperature of the outlet of the turbine exceeds the limit, if so, cooling the temperature of the outlet of the turbine and returning to the step of adjusting the test state again, if not, recording the noise test data of the turbine, adjusting the state of the low-pressure turbine to a state point 2 after the recording is finished, keeping the state of the test piece, monitoring the temperature of the outlet of the turbine, judging whether the temperature of the outlet of the turbine exceeds the limit, if so, cooling the temperature of the outlet of the turbine and returning to the step of adjusting the test state again, if not, recording the noise test data of the turbine again, and so on, completing noise test work of all state points, judging whether the test of all state points is completed or not, if not, repeating the step, and if so, performing S6;
s6: the noise test data of the turbine in S5 is corrected.
Advantageously, in the improved test method, the temperature of the outlet of the low-pressure turbine (namely the temperature of the use environment of the noise sensor) is controlled, and the normal-temperature noise sensor is selected, so that the test cost can be effectively reduced.
In the low-pressure turbine component noise test improvement method, in order to keep the outlet temperature within the temperature range in which the noise sensor can be safely used, the temperature and the flow of the turbine inlet airflow need to be repeatedly adjusted in the turbine test process, so that in the test data processing process, on one hand, the conversion and the correction of the pneumatic performance parameters need to be considered, and more importantly, the acoustic correction needed due to the difference between the inlet and outlet temperatures of the turbine and the inlet and outlet temperatures of the actual turbine component needs to be included.
The demonstration process of a certain low-pressure turbine noise test scheme is taken as an example for explanation, the outlet temperature of the low-pressure turbine is changed within 100-150 ℃, if a noise sensor with a large temperature-resistant range is selected, about 5 ten thousand sensors are needed for each sensor, if the outlet temperature of the turbine is kept below 80 ℃ by controlling the test process, a normal-temperature noise sensor can be selected, the cost of each sensor is 1 ten thousand yuan, the calculation is carried out according to the requirement of a conventional test piece noise test sensor, the expenditure can be saved by about 300 ten thousand yuan only by one sensor, and the economy is good.
The test process is described by a normal temperature type noise sensor with the temperature resistance value of-30-80 ℃. The turbine test generally adopts compressed air generated by an air compressor as an incoming flow air source, the incoming flow pressure is generally less than 1MPa, the temperature generally changes within 130-150 ℃, and the temperature can change within 30-150 ℃ after adopting a cooling measure.
Before the test piece starts to admit air, the future flow temperature is adjusted to 50 ℃, at the moment, the test piece starts to admit air, at the moment, the rotating speed and the expansion ratio of the test piece are small, the temperature difference of an inlet and an outlet of the test piece is not large and basically keeps consistent, at the moment, the running states of the test piece and equipment are monitored, if the running parameters of the test piece and the equipment are normal, the air inflow of the test piece is improved, the test state point of the test piece starts to enter the envelope range of a dynamometer, at the moment, the outlet temperature of the test piece is reduced due to the improvement of the state of the test piece, the test state point is improved to a state point 1, at the moment, the outlet temperature of the turbine test piece is 30 ℃, a noise sensor can work, at the moment, the noise data of the state point 1 can be recorded, after the data recording of the state point 1 is completed, if the state is continuously improved to a state point 2, adjusting the inlet temperature of the turbine test piece, raising the inlet temperature to 90 ℃, keeping the test piece stable at a state point 1, raising the outlet temperature of the test piece to about 70 ℃ without exceeding the limit value of the sensor, raising the state of the test piece to a state point 2 after the inlet temperature adjustment is completed, maintaining the outlet temperature of the test piece at about 30 ℃, recording the noise test data of the state point 2 of the test piece, and so on, and completing the noise test work of the state point 3. After the test work of all state points is finished, the test piece needs to be reversely reduced according to the state lifting path, and the noise sensor is guaranteed not to be damaged.
In summary, the low-pressure turbine noise test method and the improvement method thereof provided by the invention are based on the low-pressure turbine part pneumatic performance test, are provided aiming at the uniqueness of the noise test and comprehensively considering the requirements of economy and usability, and can be used for carrying out the noise test on a scaled or full-size low-pressure turbine test piece; in addition, the low-pressure turbine noise test improvement method greatly improves the high-temperature severe environment in the turbine noise test process on the premise of ensuring the test precision, and the test is completed by using a normal-temperature sensor, so that the cost is greatly reduced.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A low pressure turbine noise test improvement method, characterized by, including:
s1: inputting structural parameters of a tested turbine test piece;
s2: carrying out numerical simulation analysis on the sound field characteristics of each working condition of the turbine, formulating a test scheme according to the sound field characteristics, and then optimizing the test scheme;
s3: setting an allowable error range, judging whether the error requirement is met, if not, repeating S2, and if so, carrying out S4;
s4: selecting the axial position of the test section as a test point to install a noise sensor according to the installation condition of instruments and meters on each section of the tested turbine test piece and the structural characteristics of the tested turbine test piece, and starting a test;
s5: guarantee to be surveyed turbine test piece inlet air temperature and keep invariable, adjust the statepoint, monitor turbine outlet temperature, judge whether turbine outlet temperature transfinites, if, then cool down the processing and get back to S5' S initial step again to turbine outlet temperature, if not, then the noise test data of admission turbine, concrete step is: changing the test state of the low-pressure turbine by changing the air inlet flow, the pressure of the turbine and the water inlet flow of the dynamometer, changing the expansion ratio and the rotating speed of a tested turbine test piece, keeping the state of the tested turbine test piece when the test state of the low-pressure turbine reaches a state point 1, monitoring the temperature of the outlet of the turbine, judging whether the temperature of the outlet of the turbine exceeds the limit, if so, cooling the temperature of the outlet of the turbine and returning to the step of adjusting the test state, if not, recording the noise test data of the turbine, adjusting the state of the low-pressure turbine to a state point 2 after recording is finished, keeping the state of the tested turbine test piece, monitoring the temperature of the outlet of the turbine, judging whether the temperature of the outlet of the turbine exceeds the limit, if so, cooling the temperature of the outlet of the turbine and returning to the step of adjusting the test state again, and if not, recording the noise test data of the turbine, by analogy, noise test work of all state points is completed, whether test of all state points is completed or not is judged, if not, the step is repeated, and if yes, S6 is carried out;
s6: the noise test data of the turbine in S5 is corrected.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in S1, the structural parameters include intake air flow rate, intake air temperature, expansion ratio, rotational speed, number and distribution of rotor and stator blades, and test piece flow path size.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in S2, the step of preparing the test plan includes determining the number of test points and the distribution of the test points.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in S5, the noise test data of the turbine includes aerodynamic performance and acoustic characteristics.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in S6, specifically: and (4) considering the conversion and correction of the aerodynamic performance parameters, and performing acoustic correction according to the difference between the working state of the turbine and the working state of the actual turbine component.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the manner of correction is according to the following principle:
a. geometric similarity, i.e. corresponding points are scaled equally;
b. the motions are similar, namely the corresponding point velocity triangles are similar;
c. the power is similar, namely the Mach numbers of corresponding points are equal, and the Strouhal numbers are equal;
d. the Reynolds numbers during the test are all in the self-mode area;
e. and correcting the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the internal noise of the turbine aiming at the condition of constant inlet temperature.
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