CN111282399A - Medium-high temperature gas purification cooler - Google Patents
Medium-high temperature gas purification cooler Download PDFInfo
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- CN111282399A CN111282399A CN202010133976.1A CN202010133976A CN111282399A CN 111282399 A CN111282399 A CN 111282399A CN 202010133976 A CN202010133976 A CN 202010133976A CN 111282399 A CN111282399 A CN 111282399A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1487—Removing organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
- C10K1/046—Reducing the tar content
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
- C10K1/102—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids containing free acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/16—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with non-aqueous liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
Abstract
The invention provides a medium-high temperature gas purification cooler, which comprises an input pipe for inputting target gas with polluting gas and particulate matters, an absorption liquid nozzle, a gas-liquid mixing chamber, a purification cooling pipe, a pipe plate, a gas-liquid separation chamber and an absorption liquid circulating pump. After the target gas with particles and pollutant gas enters the gas purification cooler, the target gas is immediately sprayed and mixed by the absorption liquid sprayed by the nozzle positioned on the upper part of the gas-liquid mixing chamber, and then the target gas is sent into the purification cooling pipe for purification, and meanwhile, the liquid is cooled on line to ensure high absorption efficiency. The purifying and cooling pipe is internally provided with a device for promoting rotational flow, so that liquid-gas mixture flows in the pipe in a rotational flow mode to promote liquid-gas mixing, the outside of the pipe is cooled by cold air or liquid, and the online cooling further promotes the purifying effect. After passing through the purge cooling tube, the liquid absorbs contaminants and contaminant particles from the gas and separates from the clean gas. The invention realizes the high-efficiency capture of gas pollutants and particles in the medium-high temperature target gas and the on-line cooling of the absorption liquid by using a single purifier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy and environmental protection, and can be used for purifying flue gas or combustible gas. In particular, the invention relates to a medium-high temperature gas purification cooler.
Background
The classified collection of the municipal solid waste is greatly promoted in China, and the dry waste after the classified collection can be subjected to reduction, harmlessness and recycling treatment by adopting pyrolysis and gasification technologies. However, the gas generated by the pyrolysis and gasification of the municipal solid waste contains tar components, and the pyrolysis gas which is not purified cannot easily reach the air inlet standard of lower-level fuel gas utilization equipment; for example, the content of tar in the pyrolysis gas entering the internal combustion engine must be less than 100 mg/Nm3The content of particulate matter must be less than 50 mg/Nm3. Therefore, the removal of tar and particulate matters is the key to realize the high-value utilization of the fuel gas generated by the pyrolysis and gasification of the garbage. Currently, existing tar removal devices can be classified into the following types: 1) the spray tower sprays pyrolysis gas entering from the bottom of the tower from top to bottom by using different absorbents such as water, edible vegetable oil, self-sourced tar and the like, and the absorbents remove the tar in a condensing and absorbing mode. Use of liquid CO as described in the invention patent "method and apparatus for Coke oven gas cleaning" with application number 201410651179.72Spraying the cooling medium from the top of the tower to reversely contact with the coal gas entering from the bottom of the tower, and condensing most of tar in the coal gas in a liquid form to separate out and collect at the bottom of the tower; but volatilized CO2Will reduce the heat value of the fuel gas to carry out CO2Again, energy is consumed for separation. 2) Filler materialThe tower uses metal (such as Raschig ring, pall ring, ladder ring, etc.) and ceramics (such as arc saddle, intalox saddle, etc.) as filler, and makes the absorbent flow along the surface of filler to form liquid film, and contact with pyrolysis gas entering from the tower bottom to remove tar. The utility model patent with application number 201320580442.9, which is a device for removing tar from crude gas containing tar and quenching the crude gas, uses Grignard grid as filler and uses self-source tar as absorbent to remove tar from the crude gas; however, the particulate matter in the gas will block the pores of the packing for a long time and the washing and loading of the packing is very heavy. 3) The bubble column, namely using water, edible vegetable oil, self-sourced tar and the like as absorbents to be stored in a slurry pool at the bottom of the tower, introducing pyrolysis gas from the bottom of the tower to impact the slurry to generate a large amount of bubbles, and mixing and contacting the gas and the liquid to remove the tar; if the temperature of the pyrolysis gas is high, the temperature of the absorption liquid is inevitably increased after a period of operation, so that volatile components in the tar enter the combustible gas again. To prevent this, the absorption liquid must be additionally cooled, occupied and energy consuming. 4) The adsorption tower uses active carbon, pyrolysis semicoke, ceramics and the like as adsorbents to collect tar in the pyrolysis gas. As described in the utility model patent "a tar pretreatment equipment for a coking and dust removal system" with application number 201820460130.7, coke powder is used as an adsorbent, and the coke powder is sprayed from the top of the tower and is collided with the flue gas entering from the bottom of the tower to be fully mixed, so that the tar is completely adsorbed on the surface; however, the adsorbent has a limited adsorption capacity and needs to be continuously regenerated. Therefore, the adsorption tower needs to replace or regenerate the adsorbent periodically, which increases the operation cost. 5) The cooling tower uses air, water and the like as a coolant, and cools the pyrolysis gas in an indirect heat exchange mode to reduce the temperature of tar to be lower than the dew point temperature, so that the tar is condensed and removed in a liquid state. The utility model discloses a use water as the coolant that flows in the coiled pipe as described in "a living beings gasification gas removes tar device" of utility model patent application No. 201420643225.4, the living beings gasification gas outside the cooling tube, tar condense collect in the oil collecting tank under the coiled pipe after reaching dew point temperature; the method has low efficiency, and the outer wall surface of the coiled pipe is adhered with tar and particulate matters to block heat transfer, and needs to be periodically disassembled and cleanedAnd (6) washing. Increasing the maintenance cost of the system. 6) The electric tar removing device moves to the opposite electrode and deposits on the opposite electrode under the action of the electric field even if tar in the pyrolysis gas is electrified, thereby removing the tar in the pyrolysis gas and simultaneously removing particulate matters. The electric tar removing device comprising an electric tar remover rectifier cabinet, an electric tar removing device control cabinet and an electric tar removing insulating box can effectively remove tar as described in the utility model patent with the application number of 201220591197.7. And tar and particles can be attached to the electrode, so that discharge is influenced, frequent cleaning is required, the maintenance workload is large, and the efficiency of electrically capturing the tar and the particles is low.
The spray tower is used as a common gas purification device in industry, and is not only used for purifying combustible gas, but also used for purifying flue gas. In a specified liquid-gas ratio range, the cooling and gas-liquid contact effect of the absorption liquid on the target gas to be purified depends on the contact of the gas and the liquid, and the packing layer and the liquid are sprayed and atomized to increase the contact area of the gas and the liquid and improve the removal efficiency of the spray tower. However, the waste thermal gasification pyrolysis gas generally has high tar viscosity and also contains particles which are easy to deposit in gaps of the filler, so that the filler tower is blocked; the problems of large system resistance and high cost of the bubble tower and the electric tar removing device can not economically and reliably treat the purification and tar removal of combustible gas containing certain particles and tar; in addition, the temperature of the general pyrolysis gasification gas is usually higher than that of the flue gas which needs to be purified finally, the emission temperature is about 200 ℃ generally when the flue gas is purified, and the proper purification temperature of 60-70 ℃ can be reduced through water vapor evaporation. The temperature range of the pyrolysis gasification gas is 400-800 ℃, and water evaporation cooling is not suitable, otherwise, a large amount of oily wastewater is generated and is difficult to treat. Therefore, when oil is used as the absorption liquid, the absorption liquid needs to be cooled, and a cooling system is specially designed, so that the cost is too high, and the occupied area is too large. Comprehensive analysis, the prior art can not economically and effectively solve the problem of removing polluting gas and tar in medium-high temperature target gas, particularly the tar and particulate matters carried in the pyrolysis gasification combustible gas. The development of a medium-high temperature target gas purification device with strong implementation, high economy and high removal efficiency is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a medium-high temperature gas purification cooler.
The invention provides a medium-high temperature gas purification cooler, which consists of a target gas input pipe 12, an absorption liquid nozzle 2, a gas-liquid mixing chamber 3, a purification cooling pipe 4, a pipe plate 14, a gas-liquid separation chamber 7 and an absorption liquid circulating pump 9, wherein the upper end of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 3 is connected with one end of the target gas input pipe 12, target gas 1 enters from the other end of the target gas input pipe 12, the absorption liquid nozzle 2 is arranged at the inlet at the upper end of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 3, the absorption liquid nozzle 2 is used for spraying absorption liquid 13, the lower end of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 3 is connected with the upper end of the purification cooling pipe 4 through the pipe plate 14, the lower end of the purification cooling pipe 4 is connected with the upper end of the gas-liquid separation chamber;
one side of the absorption liquid storage tank 8 is connected with the absorption liquid nozzle 2 through an absorption liquid circulating pump 9 and a connecting pipeline 11, so that the absorption liquid 13 circulates in the purification cooler through the absorption liquid circulating pump 9;
an auxiliary rotational flow structure 16 is vertically arranged in the purification cooling pipe 4, and a cooling medium 5 penetrating through the purification cooling pipe area is arranged on the outer side of the purification cooling pipe;
the method comprises the following steps that medium-high temperature target gas 1 to be purified is sent to a gas-liquid mixing chamber 3, is mixed with absorption liquid 13 sprayed by an absorption liquid nozzle 2 positioned at the upper part of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 3, then enters a purification cooling pipe 4 through distribution of a pipe plate 14, the target gas 1 is purified, the absorption liquid 13 is cooled at the same time, finally enters a gas-liquid separation chamber 7 from the lower end of the purification cooling pipe 4, the absorption liquid 13 is separated from the target gas 1, and more than 99% of particulate matters and pollutant gas are taken away; the purified target gas 6 is led out; the absorption liquid 13 only needs to be cooled in the purge cooling tube 4 during the circulation operation.
In the present invention, the target gas 1 may be a gas generated by pyrolysis of various organic wastes, sludge, and biomass, a gas generated by gasification of various organic wastes, sludge, and biomass, or a flue gas generated by incineration. The temperature range is 200-800 ℃.
In the present invention, the nozzle 2 of the absorption liquid 13 is selected from a hollow cone nozzle or a solid nozzle in the prior art.
In the invention, the auxiliary rotational flow structure 16 is selected from a helical blade or a twist structure, and the target gas 1 and the absorption liquid 13 are in rotational flow in the purification cooling pipe and are fully contacted; the gas contaminants and particulate matter carried in the target gas 1 are sufficiently transferred to the absorption liquid 13.
In the present invention, the cooling medium 5 passing through the purification cooling pipe region is provided outside the purification cooling pipe 4 to cool the absorption liquid 13 and the target gas 1 in the pipe from outside the pipe, and the cooling medium 5 is selected from any one of cooling air blown by a cooling fan, humidified air supplied from a fan, cooling water supplied from a cooling water pump, and the like.
In the invention, the outside of the purifying and cooling pipe 4 is provided with a light pipe or a finned pipe.
In the invention, the outside of the purifying and cooling pipe 4 is provided with a finned pipe, the fins 15 of the finned pipe are any one of integral fins, split ring ribs, split rectangular fins or spiral fins, the planes of the fins are parallel to the direction of cooling air and the airflow of humidified air sent by a fan, and the material is selected from copper, aluminum or steel and the like.
In the present invention, the absorption liquid 13 is circulated inside the purification cooler by the absorption liquid circulation pump 9. The absorption liquid nozzle 2 is connected with an outlet of an absorption liquid circulating pump 9 through a connecting pipeline 11, an inlet of the absorption liquid circulating pump 9 is connected with a liquid storage tank 8 at the lower part of the gas-liquid separation chamber 7, and the absorption liquid 13 only needs to be cooled in the purification cooling pipe 4 in the circulating working process.
In the invention, the absorption liquid circulating pump 9 is selected from a common oil pump or a waste oil pump, and the lift is 1.2-1.5 times of the height of the medium-high temperature gas purification cooler.
In the present invention, the upper end of the gas-liquid separation chamber 7 is connected to the purification cooling pipe 4, and the lower end thereof is connected to the absorption liquid storage tank 8. The volume and the shape of the gas-liquid separation chamber 7 can be selected from a cylinder, a cone or a cuboid according to the gas-liquid separation requirement, the flowing speed of the gas in the gas-liquid separation chamber is less than 0.1-0.25 m/s, the separation of the target gas 1 and the absorption liquid 13 is realized, the particles and the polluting gas in the target gas 1 are efficiently removed, and the clean gas 6 is obtained.
In the present invention, the gas-liquid separation chamber 7 is made of a material selected from any one of carbon steel, stainless steel, titanium material, HDPE, PP, and the like. The gas-liquid separation chamber 7 can be further provided with a liquid level meter, a gas outlet, a liquid discharge hole, a cleaning port and the like so as to facilitate operation.
In the invention, the auxiliary rotational flow structure 16 is detachable, the auxiliary rotational flow structure 16 is connected with the support plate 17 by welding, and the support plate 17 is fixed at the upper end of the tube plate 14 by bolts; alternatively, the support plate 17 is fixed below the liquid-gas outlet 10 by bolts. All the auxiliary swirling structures 16 can be removed together with the support plate 17 at one time by removing the bolts pressed on the support plate 17; accordingly, all the auxiliary swirling structures 16 can be mounted together with the support plate 17 at a time by mounting bolts on the support plate 17.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device can purify pollutant gas and particles in high-temperature target gas and cool the absorption liquid at the same time, so that the purification effect of the absorption liquid on the particles and pollutant gas components in the target gas is greatly improved;
2. the functions of purifying pollutants and cooling the absorption liquid are integrated, so that the equipment investment and the space occupation are reduced; the investment cost is greatly reduced; meanwhile, the blockage is avoided, the cleaning workload is reduced, and the operation cost is reduced.
3. The method has good removal effect on tar, gas pollutants and particulate matters in the gas, and achieves multiple purposes;
4. the purification efficiency of more than 99 percent of tar and particulate matters in the waste pyrolysis gasification gas is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of the purification cooler provided by the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of the purification cooler provided by the present invention, the purification cooling tubes are externally finned.
FIG. 3 is a view showing one form of the auxiliary swirling structure in the purification tube according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is one form of support structure for the auxiliary swirling structure provided by the present invention.
Fig. 5 is another form of the support structure of the auxiliary swirling structure provided by the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1 is a target gas; 2 is an absorption liquid nozzle; 3 is a gas-liquid mixing chamber; 4 is a purge cooling tube; 5 is an external cooling medium; 6 is the purified target gas; 7 is a gas-liquid separation chamber; 8 is an absorption liquid storage tank; 9 is an absorption liquid circulating pump; 10 is a liquid-gas outlet; 11 is a connecting pipe; 12 is a target gas input pipe; 13 is an absorption liquid; 14 is a tube sheet; 15 is a fin; 16 is an auxiliary swirl structure; and 17 is an auxiliary cyclone structure supporting plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
In a mobile garbage pyrolysis device of a certain company, the combustible gas generated in the garbage pyrolysis gasification process needs to be 500 ℃, and the acid (HCl, H) needs to be removed2S), removing tar and other particles, returning to the heating chamber for combustion, reducing the volume of the equipment as much as possible on the premise of meeting the function due to limited equipment installation space, and removing acid (HCl and H) by adopting a plurality of traditional equipment2S), removal of tar and other particulates is not suitable.
As shown in fig. 1, a gas purification cooler is composed of a target gas input pipe 12, an absorption liquid nozzle 2, a gas-liquid mixing chamber 3, a purification cooling pipe 4, a pipe plate 14, a gas-liquid separation chamber 7, an absorption liquid circulating pump 9 and the like, wherein the target gas 1 can be gas generated by pyrolysis of various organic wastes, sludge and biomass, gas generated by gasification of various organic wastes, sludge and biomass, and flue gas generated by incineration. The temperature range is 200-800 ℃. The nozzle 2 is selected from a hollow conical nozzle and a solid nozzle in the prior art. The upper end of the purification cooling tube 4 is connected with the gas-liquid mixing chamber 3 through a tube plate 14, an auxiliary rotational flow structure 16 is arranged inside the purification cooling tube 4, and the auxiliary rotational flow structure 16 is selected from a helical blade structure and a twisted structure; the target gas 1 and the absorption liquid 13 are in rotational flow in the purification cooling pipe and are fully contacted; the gas contaminants and particulate matter carried in the target gas 1 are sufficiently transferred into the absorption liquid. The outer side of the purification cooling pipe 4 is provided with a cooling medium 5 which passes through the purification cooling pipe area and cools the absorption liquid 13 and the target gas 1 in the pipe from the outside of the pipe, and the cooling medium 5 is selected from cooling air blown by a cooling fan, humidified air sent by the fan, cooling water sent by the cooling water pump and the like. A light pipe is arranged outside the purification cooling pipe 4; or, the outside of the purifying cooling pipe 4 is a finned pipe, and the cooling medium 5 outside the pipe is selected from cooling air blown by a cooling fan and humidified air sent by the fan. The fins 15 outside the purifying and cooling pipe 4 are selected from integral fins, split ring ribs, split rectangular fins and spiral fins, the planes of the fins are parallel to the airflow direction of the cooling air and the humidified air sent by the fan, and the materials are selected from copper, aluminum, steel and the like. The absorption liquid 13 is circulated inside the purification cooler by the absorption liquid circulation pump 9. The absorption liquid nozzle 2 is connected with an outlet of an absorption liquid circulating pump 9 through a connecting pipeline 11, an inlet of the absorption liquid circulating pump 9 is connected with a liquid storage tank 8 at the lower part of the gas-liquid separation chamber 7, and the absorption liquid 13 only needs to be cooled in the purification cooling pipe 4 in the circulating working process. The absorption liquid circulating pump 9 is selected from a common oil pump and a waste oil pump, and the lift is 1.2-1.5 times of the height of the equipment. The upper end of the gas-liquid separation chamber 7 is connected with the purification cooling pipe 4, and the lower part is connected with the absorption liquid storage tank 8. The volume and the shape of the gas-liquid separation chamber 7 can be selected from a cylinder, a cone and a cuboid according to the gas-liquid separation requirement, the flowing speed of the gas in the gas-liquid separation chamber is less than 0.1-0.25 m/s, the separation of the target gas 1 and the absorption liquid 13 is realized, and the particulate matters and the polluting gas in the target gas 1 are efficiently removed. The gas-liquid separation chamber 7 is made of carbon steel, stainless steel, titanium material, HDPE and PP. The gas-liquid separation chamber 7 can be further provided with a liquid level meter, a gas outlet, a liquid discharge hole, a cleaning port and the like so as to facilitate operation. The auxiliary rotational flow structure 16 is detachable, the auxiliary rotational flow structure 16 is connected with a support plate 17 through welding, and the support plate 17 is fixed at the upper end of the tube plate 14 through bolts; alternatively, the support plate 17 is fixed below the liquid-gas outlet 10 by bolts. All the auxiliary swirling structures 16 can be removed together with the support plate 17 at one time by removing the bolts pressed on the support plate 17; accordingly, all the auxiliary swirling structures 16 can be mounted together with the support plate 17 at a time by mounting bolts on the support plate 17.
With the gas purification cooler of the present invention, it is practiced using an optimized embodiment of the system, namely the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, which comprises two purification coolers in series. Pyrolysis combustible gas, namely target gas 1 generated in a pyrolysis gasification furnace is conveyed into a gas-liquid mixing chamber 3 of a first purification cooler through an input pipe 12 after passing through a cyclone dust collector, and is mixed with absorption liquid 13 sprayed through an absorption liquid nozzle 2, wherein the absorption liquid is selected from a mixture of vegetable oil and soda water. The mixture of the target gas 1 and the absorption liquid 13 enters the purification cooling pipe 4 after being distributed by the pipe plate 14, the absorption liquid falls on the pipe plate 14 and also flows into the purification cooling pipe 4, and flows downwards along the pipe wall of the purification cooling pipe 4 and the auxiliary rotational flow structure 16, meanwhile, cold air is sent to the outer side of the purification cooling pipe 4 by a fan for cooling, a split ring rib is arranged on the outer side of the purification cooling pipe 4, and the plane of the ring rib is parallel to the flow direction of cooling air. The target gas 1 and the absorption liquid 13 are fully mixed and contacted with the help of the auxiliary cyclone structure 16, so that dust particles and tar particles in the target gas 1 can be transferred into the absorption liquid 13, a good purification effect is achieved, finally, the purified gas 6 is led into the gas-liquid separation chamber 7 through the liquid-gas outlet 10, the space of the gas-liquid separation chamber 7 is large, the flowing speed of the gas is 0.08 m/s, liquid drops can be separated, the purified target gas 6 is sent into the liquid drop separator, after further liquid drop particle separation is carried out through a porous metal wire mesh in the prior art, HCl and H are separated from each other2The concentration of S is less than 20 mg/Nm3The tar concentration is lower than 100 mg/Nm3The concentration of the particulate matter is less than 50 mg/Nm3The fuel gas reaches the quality required by common fuel gas and is sent into a heating chamber for combustion.
In this embodiment, all the components of the purification cooler are made of stainless steel, and after the absorption liquid 13 runs for a period of time, part of the absorption liquid is discharged and is static, oil and water separation is performed, the alkali liquor at the bottom is discarded, and the oil at the upper part is returned to the absorption liquid storage tank 8 and is supplemented with soda powder. The bottom of the absorption liquid storage tank 8 is provided with a slurry sedimentation groove, and slurry precipitated by the particles is periodically pumped out.
Example 2
The biomass straw is gasified to produce combustible gas in certain villages and towns, and the combustible gas is expected to be purified in the production process and comprises ash H2S, tar and particles to obtain high-quality fuel gas, so as to ensure normal use of fuel gas equipment and smoothness of pipelines of gas transmission equipment, reduce occupied space and save equipment investment and operating cost. The daily treatment scale of the gasification plant is 100 t/d, and the gas production is 6000 Nm3H is used as the reference value. Supply enterprise gas, request H2The concentration of S is less than 20 mg/Nm3The tar concentration is lower than 100 mg/Nm3The concentration of the particulate matter is lower than 30 mg/Nm3. Because the conventional purifier needs a spray quenching tower to cool the gasification gas, then the conventional purifier needs an electric tar catching and acid system washing tower to purify the gasification gas, and the oily and particle-containing wastewater discharged from the quenching tower needs to be treated, the purification cost of the fuel gas reaches 30 yuan/1000 Nm3Above all, the investment and operating costs are high.
By using the gas purification cooling device of the invention and the embodiment shown in figure 1 of the system, the high-temperature target gas 1 from the gasification furnace is conveyed into the gas-liquid mixing chamber 3 through the input pipe 12, the absorption liquid 13 is sprayed downwards by the nozzle 2 and is mixed with the target gas 1, wherein the absorption liquid 13 is selected from vegetable oil, the sprayed target gas 1 and the absorption liquid 13 are distributed through the pipe plate 14 and flow into the purification cooling pipe 4, and meanwhile, the absorption liquid 13 is also cooled by cold water outside the purification cooling pipe 4 to generate hot water which is reserved for the next purification cooling device. As the target gas 1 and the absorption liquid 13 are cooled and shrunk in volume, the target gas 1 and the absorption liquid 13 can overcome resistance and be further mixed and contacted in the purification cooling pipe, and tar and particles in the target gas 1 can be well purified and separated. Then the target gas 1 and the absorption liquid 13 enter a gas-liquid separation chamber 7 through a gas-liquid discharge port 10, the gas-liquid separation chamber 7 is arranged so that the average flow velocity of the gas is 0.15 m/s, and finally the purified gas 6 is sent to a second purifier, wherein the tar and the particulate matters are purifiedThe chemical efficiency has reached 99%. The second purifier is also a purification cooling device of the present invention, also selected from the type shown in fig. 1, the working flow is similar to the above, but in this case the absorption liquid 13 is selected from a soda solution for removing H in the target gas 12S, in order to ensure H2The purification efficiency and the working temperature of S are 65-70 ℃, the hot water generated by the first purification cooler is used as a heat source to heat the outside of the purification cooling pipe 4, and the purification cooling pipe is changed into a purification heating pipe mode at the moment, so that H is realized2The purification efficiency of S reaches 99%.
In this embodiment, the auxiliary cyclone structure material in the purification cooling pipe 4 of the first purification cooling device is ordinary carbon steel, and the pipe is also an ordinary carbon steel pipe; and the purification cooling pipe 4 of the second purification cooler and the auxiliary rotational flow structure material in the pipe are made of stainless steel. H of last gas2S concentration is less than 20 mg/Nm3The tar concentration is lower than 100 mg/Nm3The concentration of the particulate matter is lower than 30 mg/Nm3The requirement of industrial utilization is met, and the purification cost is less than 20 yuan/1000 Nm3And the investment and operation cost of the prior process is greatly lower.
Example 3
70000 Nm of smoke generated by certain garbage incinerator3And h, adopting the existing purification technology, dedusting the flue gas, then sending the flue gas into a spray washing tower for deacidification at the temperature of 200 ℃, wherein the operation temperature is 65-70 ℃, and water vapor in part of washing liquid for deacidification can be evaporated, so that a large amount of water vapor at the tail part is generated, and the corrosion of equipment is easily caused.
By adopting the gas purification cooling device of the invention and utilizing the scheme shown in the figure 2 of the system, the target gas 1 with dust removal at 200 ℃ is conveyed into the gas-liquid mixing chamber 3 through the input pipe 12, the absorption liquid 13 is sprayed downwards by the nozzle 2 to be mixed with the target gas 1, wherein the absorption liquid 13 is selected from NaOH solution, the sprayed target gas 1 and the absorption liquid 13 are mixed and distributed by the pipe plate 14 and then flow into the purification cooling pipe 4, and meanwhile, the absorption liquid 13 is also cooled by cold air outside the purification cooling pipe 4, thereby avoiding the evaporation of water and avoiding the large amount of water carried by flue gas. The target gas 1 and the absorption liquid 13 are cooled and volumetrically in the purge cooling pipeContraction, which facilitates the downward flow of the target gas 1 and the absorption liquid 13 in the purge cooling tube against resistance, also causes HCl, SO in the target gas 12Is purified. Then the purified target gas 6 and the absorption liquid 13 enter the gas-liquid separation chamber 7 through the discharge port 10, the average flow velocity of the gas is 0.21 m/s due to the arrangement in the gas-liquid separation chamber 7, and finally the purified gas 6 is sent into a denitration system or a chimney for direct discharge, so that the invention can also be used in a flue gas purification system for avoiding the evaporation of a large amount of moisture in the prior spray tower technology, and simultaneously the desulfurization efficiency of the prior packed tower technology is maintained. The purification efficiency of the acid gas reaches more than 95-98 percent.
In conclusion, the present invention effectively overcomes various disadvantages of the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a well high temperature gas purification cooler comprises target gas input tube (12), absorption liquid nozzle (2), gas-liquid mixing room (3), purification cooling tube (4), tube sheet (14), gas-liquid separation room (7) and absorption liquid circulating pump (9), its characterized in that: the upper end of the gas-liquid mixing chamber (3) is connected with one end of a target gas input pipe (12), target gas (1) enters from the other end of the target gas input pipe (12), an absorption liquid nozzle (2) is arranged at an inlet at the upper end of the gas-liquid mixing chamber (3), the absorption liquid nozzle (2) is used for spraying out absorption liquid (13), the lower end of the gas-liquid mixing chamber (3) is connected with the upper end of a purification cooling pipe (4) through a pipe plate (14), the lower end of the purification cooling pipe (4) is connected with the upper end of a gas-liquid separation chamber (7), and the lower end of the gas-liquid separation chamber (7);
one side of the absorption liquid storage tank (8) is connected with the absorption liquid nozzle (2) through an absorption liquid circulating pump (9) and a connecting pipeline (11), so that the absorption liquid (13) circulates in the purification cooler through the absorption liquid circulating pump (9);
an auxiliary rotational flow structure (16) is vertically arranged in the purification cooling pipe (4), and a cooling medium (5) penetrating through the purification cooling pipe area is arranged on the outer side of the purification cooling pipe;
the method comprises the following steps that medium-high temperature target gas (1) needing to be purified is sent to a gas-liquid mixing chamber (3), is mixed with absorption liquid (13) sprayed by an absorption liquid nozzle (2) positioned at the upper part of the gas-liquid mixing chamber (3), then enters a purification cooling pipe (4) through distribution of a pipe plate (14), the target gas (1) is purified, the absorption liquid (13) is cooled, finally enters a gas-liquid separation chamber (7) from the lower end of the purification cooling pipe (4), the absorption liquid (13) is separated from the target gas (1), and more than 99% of particulate matters and pollutant gas are taken away; the purified target gas (6) is led out; the absorption liquid (13) only needs to be cooled in the purification cooling pipe (4) during the circulation working process.
2. The medium-high temperature gas purification cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the target gas (1) is gas generated by pyrolysis of various organic wastes, sludge and biomass, or gas generated by gasification of various organic wastes, sludge and biomass, or flue gas generated by incineration, and the temperature range is 200-800 ℃.
3. The medium-high temperature gas purification cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary rotational flow structure (16) is selected from a helical blade or a twist structure, and the target gas (1) and the absorption liquid (13) are in rotational flow in the purification cooling pipe and are in full contact; the gas pollutants and particulate matter carried in the target gas (1) are sufficiently transferred to the absorption liquid.
4. The medium-high temperature gas purification cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a cooling medium (5) which penetrates through the purification cooling pipe area is arranged on the outer side of the purification cooling pipe (4) and cools the absorption liquid (13) and the target gas (1) in the pipe from the outside of the pipe, wherein the cooling medium (5) is selected from any one of cooling air blown by a cooling fan, humidified air sent by the fan or cooling water sent by the cooling water.
5. The medium-high temperature gas purification cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outside of the purifying and cooling pipe (4) is provided with a light pipe or a finned pipe.
6. The medium-high temperature gas purification cooler according to claim 5, wherein: the outside of the purifying and cooling pipe (4) is provided with a finned pipe, fins (15) of the finned pipe are any one of integral fins, split ring ribs, split rectangular fins or spiral fins, the planes of various fins are parallel to the direction of cooling air and humidified air flow sent by a fan, and the material is any one of copper, aluminum or steel.
7. The medium-high temperature gas purification cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the absorption liquid circulating pump (9) is selected from a common oil pump or a waste oil pump, and the lift is 1.2-1.5 times of the height of the medium-high temperature gas purification cooler.
8. The medium-high temperature gas purification cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the volume and the shape of the gas-liquid separation chamber (7) are selected from any one of cylindrical, conical or rectangular bodies according to the gas-liquid separation requirement, the flowing speed of the gas in the gas-liquid separation chamber is less than 0.1-0.25 m/s, the separation of the target gas (1) and the absorption liquid (13) is realized, and the particles and the polluted gas in the target gas (1) are removed efficiently.
9. The medium-high temperature gas purification cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas-liquid separation chamber (7) is made of any one of carbon steel, stainless steel, titanium material, HDPE and PP; the gas-liquid separation chamber (7) can be further provided with a liquid level meter, a gas outlet, a liquid discharge hole and a cleaning port for convenient operation.
10. The medium-high temperature gas purification cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary rotational flow structure (16) is detachable, the auxiliary rotational flow structure (16) is connected with a support plate (17) through welding, and the support plate (17) is fixed at the upper end of the tube plate (14) through bolts; or the support plate (17) is fixed below the liquid-gas outlet (10) through a bolt; all the auxiliary cyclone structures (16) can be taken down together with the supporting plate (17) at one time by removing the bolts pressing on the supporting plate (17); correspondingly, bolts are arranged on the supporting plate (17) to install all the auxiliary cyclone structures (16) together with the supporting plate (17) at one time.
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Application publication date: 20200616 |