CN111280011A - 大豆大田栽培新方法 - Google Patents

大豆大田栽培新方法 Download PDF

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CN111280011A
CN111280011A CN202010253858.4A CN202010253858A CN111280011A CN 111280011 A CN111280011 A CN 111280011A CN 202010253858 A CN202010253858 A CN 202010253858A CN 111280011 A CN111280011 A CN 111280011A
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任春元
曹亮
张玉先
金喜军
张明聪
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Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
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Abstract

本发明涉及农作物的栽培技术领域,具体涉及一种大豆大田栽培新方法,包括以下步骤:1)先将土地进行深层施肥,于每年阳历6月中下旬至7月上旬,选用大豆良种,进行播种,开始育苗;2)当子叶张开后,于无菌条件下,切除所有主根系后,放入萌发培养基上,室内培养7‑8天;3)待主叶长出后切除主叶,继续培养至形成双茎,然后对大豆苗的根部4±0.5cm之处至底部涂刷一圈灭菌药剂,然后移栽至大田,大田每亩栽1300‑1350穴;4)进行大田管理。该发明中栽培的大豆高产质优,大豆收获后平均亩产可超过300公斤,甚至有超过400公斤。

Description

大豆大田栽培新方法
技术领域
本发明涉及农作物的栽培技术领域,具体涉及一种大豆大田栽培新方法。
背景技术
大豆是我国主要的粮食作物,不仅具有丰富的营养价值,也具有很高的经济价值。但大豆在种植栽培过程中,会遇到重茬、耕地不合理、肥料配比不合理等问题,这会严重影响大豆的产量和质量。大豆不适合轮作,否则会降低大豆营养物质的积累,进而影响品质。一般来说,大豆出现重茬、迎茬减产,多是因为根部病虫害严重,根系分泌物、根茬腐解物以及微生物的作用,直接导致土壤周围环境恶化,降低了根系生理活力,进而影响了大豆的正常生长。以家庭为主的耕作方式,耕层较薄,土壤的透气性较差,抗旱以及抗洪能力弱,易出现水土流失。现阶段,我国大部分地区都是重施化肥,轻施农肥,钾肥微肥施用量不足,追肥量不足,不合理,导致土壤吸收肥力效果不好,都会影响大豆生长。大豆栽培过程中,对种子、土壤肥力、栽培技术等众多方面都有很高的要求,大豆栽培技术的综合性很强,其中每一个要素都会影响大豆的产量和品质,为了获得高品质的大豆,必须从多方面控制大豆栽培种的问题,以此保障大豆高质高产。
发明内容
本发明为了克服上述技术问题,提供了一种大豆大田栽培新方法,在大豆子叶产生时,用灭菌的方法,培养出根部健康优异的大豆苗,再对大豆苗的根部进行灭菌之后移栽,保证了移栽后的大豆根部不受病虫害严重,提高了根系生理活力,为高产优质大豆提供了有力依据。
解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:
1)先将土地进行深层施肥,于每年阳历6月10日至6月25日,最迟不超过7月10日,选用大豆良种,进行播种,开始育苗;
2)当子叶张开后,于无菌条件下,切除所有主根系后,放入萌发培养基上,室内培养7-8天;
3)待主叶长出后切除主叶,继续培养至形成双茎,然后对大豆苗的根部4±0.5cm之处至底部涂刷一圈灭菌药剂,然后移栽至大田,大田每亩栽1300-1350穴;可以防止大豆受灰斑病、霜霉病、斑疹病的伤害。
4)进行大田管理。
进一步地说,步骤1)中所述的施肥是,肥种分开,施于种侧下4-5厘米,每亩施10-12公斤磷酸二铵。播种时,整地后土壤水分含量为22.5%(干土重%),确保种子正常吸水出芽。不重茬,不迎茬。
对于前茬作物非大豆时,需要对田地进行发酵,把发酵好的有机肥均匀地撒施于地表,然后用耙将肥料耙入土中,粪、土充分混合后进行深翻,翻后耙瓶耢细起垄,也可平种大豆。
进一步地说,步骤2)所述的萌发培养基配方为:B5-A盐、B5-B盐、MS-C盐、B5有机物、3%蔗糖、0.8%琼脂粉、1mg/L的BA,pH值为5.8,培养条件为,室温通风,日常光照。
进一步地说,步骤3)所述的灭菌药剂为腐霉剂、甲基硫菌灵、异菌脲、蓓立健吡唑醚菌酯、水按照质量比为1:1:1:1:6混合配制成的杀菌剂。
进一步地说,步骤4)所述大田管理包括:苗高10±0.5cm时,进行锄地,然后每隔10天锄地一次,锄地的同时兼顾物理除草,不采用药物除草;并根据大豆生长情况进行合理浇水与追肥。
本发明的有益效果是:
该发明中栽培的大豆高产质优,大豆收获后平均亩产可超过300公斤,甚至有超过400公斤。育苗子叶张开后,进行培养萌发,使得植株长成双茎后再对大豆苗根部进行灭菌后移栽,有效地保证了大豆苗的耐肥料性能和抗病虫害能力,使得大豆苗的生长朝着有利于提高作物产量和质量的方向发展。本发明从每一个步骤综合优化栽培步骤,提高了大豆生长的综合能力,保障了大豆高质高产。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1:
1)6月10日,先将土地进行深层施肥,肥种分开,施于种侧下4-5厘米,每亩施10-12公斤磷酸二铵。选用大豆良种,进行播种,开始育苗;播种时,整地后土壤水分含量为22.5%(干土重%),不重茬,不迎茬。
2)当子叶张开后,于无菌条件下,切除所有主根系后,放入萌发培养基上,室内培养7天;萌发培养基配方为:B5-A盐、B5-B盐、MS-C盐、B5有机物、3%蔗糖、0.8%琼脂粉、1mg/L的BA,pH值为5.8,培养条件为,室温通风,日常光照。
3)待主叶长出后切除主叶,继续培养至形成双茎,然后对大豆苗的根部4±0.5cm之处至底部涂刷一圈灭菌药剂,然后移栽至大田,大田每亩栽1300-1350穴;灭菌药剂为腐霉剂、甲基硫菌灵、异菌脲、蓓立健吡唑醚菌酯、水按照质量比为1:1:1:1:6混合配制成的杀菌剂。
4)进行大田管理:苗高10±0.5cm时,进行锄地,然后每隔10天锄地一次,锄地的同时兼顾物理除草;并根据大豆生长情况进行合理浇水与追肥,大豆收获后平均亩产可超过400公斤。
实施例2:
1)6月25日,先将土地进行深层施肥,肥种分开,施于种侧下4-5厘米,每亩施10-12公斤磷酸二铵。播种时,整地后土壤水分含量为22.5%(干土重%),不重茬,不迎茬。选用大豆良种,进行播种,开始育苗;
2)当子叶张开后,于无菌条件下,切除所有主根系后,放入萌发培养基上,室内培养8天;萌发培养基配方为:B5-A盐、B5-B盐、MS-C盐、B5有机物、3%蔗糖、0.8%琼脂粉、1mg/L的BA,pH值为5.8,培养条件为,室温通风,日常光照。
3)待主叶长出后切除主叶,继续培养至形成双茎,然后对大豆苗的根部4±0.5cm之处至底部涂刷一圈灭菌药剂,然后移栽至大田,大田每亩栽1300-1350穴;灭菌药剂为腐霉剂、甲基硫菌灵、异菌脲、蓓立健吡唑醚菌酯、水按照质量比为1:1:1:1:6混合配制成的杀菌剂。
4)进行大田管理:苗高10±0.5cm时,进行锄地,然后每隔10天锄地一次,锄地的同时兼顾物理除草;并根据大豆生长情况进行合理浇水与追肥,大豆收获后平均亩产可超过400公斤。
实施例3:
1)前茬作物为玉米,需要对田地进行发酵,把发酵好的有机肥均匀地撒施于地表,然后用耙将肥料耙入土中,粪、土充分混合后进行深翻,翻后耙瓶耢细起垄,选用大豆良种,进行播种,开始育苗;
2)当子叶张开后,于无菌条件下,切除所有主根系后,放入萌发培养基上,室内培养8天;萌发培养基配方为:B5-A盐、B5-B盐、MS-C盐、B5有机物、3%蔗糖、0.8%琼脂粉、1mg/L的BA,pH值为5.8,培养条件为,室温通风,日常光照。
3)待主叶长出后切除主叶,继续培养至形成双茎,然后对大豆苗的根部4±0.5cm之处至底部涂刷一圈灭菌药剂,然后移栽至大田,大田每亩栽1300-1350穴;灭菌药剂为腐霉剂、甲基硫菌灵、异菌脲、蓓立健吡唑醚菌酯、水按照质量比为1:1:1:1:6混合配制成的杀菌剂。
4)进行大田管理:苗高10±0.5cm时,进行锄地,然后每隔10天锄地一次,锄地的同时兼顾物理除草;并根据大豆生长情况进行合理浇水与追肥,大豆收获后平均亩产可超过300公斤。
实施例4:
1)前茬作物为高粱,需要对田地进行发酵,把发酵好的有机肥均匀地撒施于地表,然后用耙将肥料耙入土中,粪、土充分混合后进行深翻,平种大豆。选用大豆良种,进行播种,开始育苗;
2)当子叶张开后,于无菌条件下,切除所有主根系后,放入萌发培养基上,室内培养8天;萌发培养基配方为:B5-A盐、B5-B盐、MS-C盐、B5有机物、3%蔗糖、0.8%琼脂粉、1mg/L的BA,pH值为5.8,培养条件为,室温通风,日常光照。
3)待主叶长出后切除主叶,继续培养至形成双茎,然后对大豆苗的根部4±0.5cm之处至底部涂刷一圈灭菌药剂,然后移栽至大田,大田每亩栽1300-1350穴;灭菌药剂为腐霉剂、甲基硫菌灵、异菌脲、蓓立健吡唑醚菌酯、水按照质量比为1:1:1:1:6混合配制成的杀菌剂。
4)进行大田管理:苗高10±0.5cm时,进行锄地,然后每隔10天锄地一次,锄地的同时兼顾物理除草;并根据大豆生长情况进行合理浇水与追肥,大豆收获后平均亩产可超过300公斤。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质上对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.大豆大田栽培新方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)先将土地进行深层施肥,于每年阳历6月中下旬至7月上旬,选用大豆良种,进行播种,开始育苗;
2)当子叶张开后,于无菌条件下,切除所有主根系后,放入萌发培养基上,室内培养7-8天;
3)待主叶长出后切除主叶,继续培养至形成双茎,然后对大豆苗的根部4±0.5cm之处至底部涂刷一圈灭菌药剂,然后移栽至大田,大田每亩栽1300-1350穴;
4)进行大田管理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的大豆大田栽培新方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中所述的施肥是,肥种分开,施于种侧下4-5厘米,每亩施10-12公斤磷酸二铵。
3.根据权利要求1所述的大豆大田栽培新方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中播种的日期为每年阳历6月10日至6月25日。
4.根据权利要求1所述的大豆大田栽培新方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中播种时,整地后土壤水分含量为22.5%(干土重%),不重茬,不迎茬。
5.根据权利要求1所述的大豆大田栽培新方法,其特征在于,步骤2)所述的萌发培养基配方为:B5-A盐、B5-B盐、MS-C盐、B5有机物、3%蔗糖、0.8%琼脂粉、1mg/L的BA,pH值为5.8,培养条件为,室温通风,日常光照。
6.根据权利要求1所述的大豆大田栽培新方法,其特征在于,步骤3)所述的灭菌药剂为腐霉剂、甲基硫菌灵、异菌脲、蓓立健吡唑醚菌酯、水按照质量比为1:1:1:1:6混合配制成的杀菌剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的大豆大田栽培新方法,其特征在于,步骤4)所述大田管理包括:苗高10±0.5cm时,进行锄地,然后每隔10天锄地一次,锄地的同时兼顾物理除草;并根据大豆生长情况进行合理浇水与追肥。
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