CN111277229B - Low noise amplifier and method for reducing noise - Google Patents
Low noise amplifier and method for reducing noise Download PDFInfo
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- CN111277229B CN111277229B CN202010101269.4A CN202010101269A CN111277229B CN 111277229 B CN111277229 B CN 111277229B CN 202010101269 A CN202010101269 A CN 202010101269A CN 111277229 B CN111277229 B CN 111277229B
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a low-noise amplifier and a method for reducing noise, wherein the low-noise amplifier comprises: the device comprises a first MOS tube, a second MOS tube and a coupling transformer; the coupling transformer at least comprises a first input coil, a second input coil and an output coil; the turn ratio between the first input coil and the output coil is N times of the turn ratio between the second input coil and the output coil, and the coupling directions are opposite; the source electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the second MOS tube and is used for receiving an input signal; the drain electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the first input coil, and the drain electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the second input coil; the effective transconductance of the second MOS tube is N times that of the first MOS tube, and the ratio of N/N meets a preset range. Through the design of two MOS tube devices and a coupling transformer, an input signal is amplified, and noise signals are mutually offset according to a preset proportion, so that a higher signal-to-noise ratio is obtained; and the structure is simple, and higher cost is not needed.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of signal transmission, and in particular, to a low noise amplifier and a method for reducing noise.
Background
The transmission of communication signals is closely related to the life of people, and noise is a factor which has a large influence on the transmission of communication signals, so that how to reduce noise and how to reduce the cost consumed by noise are always the hot research.
However, the inventor finds that the device for noise reduction of the ultra-wideband signal at present has a complex structure and high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a low-noise amplifier and a method for reducing noise, which amplify an input signal through the design of two MOS tube devices and a coupling transformer, and mutually offset noise signals according to a preset proportion, thereby obtaining a higher signal-to-noise ratio; and the structure is simple, and higher cost is not needed.
To solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a low noise amplifier, including: the device comprises a first MOS tube, a second MOS tube and a coupling transformer; the coupling transformer at least comprises a first input coil, a second input coil and an output coil; the turn ratio between the first input coil and the output coil is N times of the turn ratio between the second input coil and the output coil, and the coupling directions are opposite; the source electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the second MOS tube and is used for receiving an input signal; the drain electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the first input coil, and the drain electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the second input coil; the effective transconductance of the second MOS tube is N times that of the first MOS tube, and the ratio of N/N meets a preset range.
Compared with the prior art, the low-noise amplifier is designed in the embodiment of the invention, and the source electrode of the first MOS tube and the grid electrode of the second MOS tube receive the radio-frequency signal and amplify the radio-frequency signal; through the design of the number of turns of the coil of the coupling transformer, the directions of induced currents generated by the first MOS tube at the drain electrodes of the two MOS tubes through the coupling transformer are opposite, the magnitude ratio meets the preset error range, the two noise signals are mutually offset, the noise of the whole system is reduced, and therefore the higher signal-to-noise ratio is obtained; and the whole system has simple structure and saves cost.
In addition, the ratio of N/N satisfies a preset range, and specifically includes: the ratio of N/N is equal to 1. By obtaining the transconductance relation between the first MOS tube and the second MOS tube, the turn ratio of the two input coils is reasonably designed, so that two induced currents generated by the two input coils coupled to the same output coil are equal in magnitude and same in direction; the two noise signals have the same size and opposite directions, so that the two noise signals are mutually offset, the noise reduction effect is better, and the signal-to-noise ratio acquired by the system is larger.
In addition, the output coil includes: a first output terminal and a second output terminal; the first output end is connected with one input end of the differential amplifier, and the second output end is connected with the other input end of the differential amplifier; the first output end is used for outputting induced current generated by the first input coil on the output coil; the second output end is used for outputting the induced current generated by the second input coil on the output coil.
In addition, the coupling transformer includes: a first coupling transformer and a second coupling transformer; the first input coil is an input coil of the first coupling transformer, the second input coil is an input coil of the second coupling transformer, and the output coil of the first coupling transformer and the output coil of the second coupling transformer are two identical coils.
In addition, the first input coil and the second input coil are integrated on one coil. By integrating two coils on one coil, the cost required for the entire system is further reduced.
In addition, the coupling direction is opposite, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the current directions of the first input coil and the second input coil are consistent, and the winding directions of the first input coil and the second input coil are opposite; or the winding directions of the first input coil and the second input coil are consistent, and the current directions of the first input coil and the second input coil are opposite.
In addition, the source electrode of the first MOS tube and the grid electrode of the second MOS tube are also used for receiving the same bias current.
In addition, the equivalent impedance of the first MOS tube is the same as the impedance of the input signal. The impedance of the whole system is matched with the impedance of a broadband signal source by reasonably designing the equivalent impedance of the first MOS tube to be the same as the impedance of the output signal.
In addition, the turn ratio of the second input coil to the output coil is M: 1, M is a positive real number.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for reducing noise, which is applied to the low-noise amplifier and comprises the following steps: the source electrode of the first MOS tube is used for receiving an input signal, and an amplified signal formed at the drain electrode of the first MOS tube forms a first output signal through a coupling transformer; the grid electrode of the second MOS tube is used for receiving an input signal, and an amplified signal formed at the drain electrode of the second MOS tube forms a second output signal through a coupling transformer; the noise signal in the first output signal and the noise signal in the second output signal cancel each other out.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, which correspond to the figures in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and which are not to scale unless otherwise specified.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a low noise amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a low noise amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present invention for canceling a noise signal of a first MOS transistor;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the balun effect involved in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of the coupling amplifier using the same coil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of multiple coupled amplifiers according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
At present, the device for reducing the noise of the ultra-wideband signal has a complex structure and higher cost.
To solve the above problem, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a low noise amplifier including: the device comprises a first MOS tube, a second MOS tube and a coupling transformer; the coupling transformer at least comprises a first input coil, a second input coil and an output coil; the turn ratio between the first input coil and the output coil is N times of the turn ratio between the second input coil and the output coil, and the coupling directions are opposite; the source electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the second MOS tube and is used for receiving an input signal; the drain electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the first input coil, and the drain electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the second input coil; the effective transconductance of the second MOS tube is N times that of the first MOS tube, and the ratio of N/N meets a preset range.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application in various embodiments of the present invention. However, the technical solution claimed in the present application can be implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments. The following embodiments are divided for convenience of description, and should not constitute any limitation to the specific implementation manner of the present invention, and the embodiments may be combined with each other and referred to each other without contradiction.
As a detailed description of the implementation of the low noise amplifier of the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the low noise amplifier includes:
a first MOS tube 101, a second MOS tube 102 and a coupling transformer 201;
specifically, the first MOS transistor 101 is in a common-gate configuration, and the second MOS transistor 102 is in a common-source configuration; the gate of the first MOS transistor 101 is connected to a bias voltage, and the source of the first MOS transistor 101 and the gate of the second MOS transistor 102 also receive the same bias current 103, so as to ensure that the first MOS transistor 101 and the second MOS transistor 102 are in a normal operating state.
In this embodiment, the first MOS transistor 101 is sized and configured such that the equivalent impedance seen from the source is approximately the reciprocal of its equivalent transconductance gm1, and the equivalent impedance of the first MOS transistor 101 is the same as the impedance 105 of the input signal to the low noise amplifier. Impedance 105 matching of the low noise amplifier to the input signal is achieved.
The effective transconductance gm2 of the second MOS transistor 102 is n times (n is a real number) the effective transconductance gm1 of the first MOS transistor 101. It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the equivalent impedance of the first MOS transistor 101 and the impedance 105 of the input signal are 50 ohms which are commonly used, but it is not excluded that resistance values with other values are adopted in other application scenarios, and it is clear to those skilled in the art that a scheme of changing only the impedance value without changing the circuit structure should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The source of the first MOS transistor 101 is connected to the gate of the second MOS transistor 102, and both are used for receiving an input signal 104. In this embodiment, the input signal 104 is connected to the source of the first MOS transistor 101 and the gate of the second MOS transistor 102 through the capacitor 106, and the capacitor 106 is used for blocking the dc signal by the ac signal, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the low noise amplifier circuit.
The coupling transformer 201 includes at least a first input coil, a second input coil, and an output coil; the turn ratio between the first input coil and the output coil is N times (N is a real number) of the turn ratio between the second input coil and the output coil, and the coupling directions are opposite. It should be noted that the ratio of N/N satisfies the preset range (0.8 < N/N < 1.25); the more the ratio of N/N is close to 1, the better the noise reduction effect is; in the present embodiment, the ratio of N/N is equal to 1.
The coupling direction between the first input coil and the output coil is opposite to the coupling direction between the second input coil and the output coil. The setting can be specifically carried out in the following two ways:
the first method is as follows: the current input to the first input coil and the current input to the second input coil are consistent in direction, and the second input coil of the first input coil is opposite in winding direction.
The second method comprises the following steps: the second input coil of the first input coil has the same winding direction, and the current input to the first input coil and the second input coil has opposite directions.
The drain of the first MOS transistor 101 is connected to the first input coil of the coupling transformer 201, the drain of the second MOS transistor 102 is connected to the second input coil of the coupling transformer 201, and the input signal 104 is amplified by the first MOS transistor 101, and then an amplified signal in1 formed at the drain of the first MOS transistor 101 passes through the coupling transformer 201 to form a first output signal out 1; after the input signal 104 is amplified by the second MOS transistor 102, an amplified signal in2 formed at the drain of the second MOS transistor 102 passes through the coupling transformer 201 to form a second output signal out 2; the output coil comprises two output ends which are respectively a first output end and a second output end; the first output end is used for outputting an induced current out1 generated by the first input coil at the output coil; the second output terminal is used for outputting the induced current out2 generated by the second input coil at the output coil.
Assuming that the voltage of the input signal 104 is V, the values of the amplified signals are in the following table:
in this embodiment, the turn ratio of the second input coil to the output coil is M: 1(M is a real number); it is clear to those skilled in the art that the ratio of the voltage across the second input coil to the induced voltage generated across the output coil is M: 1; the ratio of the current input into the second input coil to the induced current generated in the output coil is 1: and M. As can be seen from the foregoing, the turn ratio between the first input coil and the output coil is N times (N is a real number) of the turn ratio between the second input coil and the output coil, that is, the turn ratio between the first input coil and the output coil is N × M: 1(M is a real number); it is clear to those skilled in the art that the ratio of the voltage across the first input coil to the induced voltage generated across the output coil is N × M: 1; the ratio of the current input into the second input coil to the induced current generated in the output coil is 1: n M.
As can be seen from the above table, the induced current out1 generated by the first input coil at the output coil is V × gm1 × N × M; the second input coil generates an induced current out2 ═ V × gm1 × n × M at the output coil. As can be seen from the foregoing, in the present embodiment, the ratio of N/N is equal to 1, i.e., N ═ N; that is, out1 is equal to out2, i.e., the two induced currents have the same magnitude; because the common-source amplifier is reversely amplified, the common-gate amplifier is forwardly amplified, and the coupling direction of the first input coil and the output coil is opposite to the coupling direction of the second input coil and the output coil, that is, the induced current out1 generated by the first input coil at the output coil and the induced current out2 generated by the second input coil at the output coil are equal in magnitude and same in direction, so that the low-noise amplifier can obtain a larger output signal.
Neglecting the input signal to analyze the noise of the M0 transistor, referring to fig. 2, the noise exists in the first MOS transistor 101, and the noise is equivalent as one signal input, i.e. M0 equivalent gate noise 202, and it can be known from circuit analysis that the noise current in3 generated by the M0 equivalent gate noise 202 at the drain of the first MOS transistor 101 and the noise current in4 generated at the drain of the second MOS transistor 102 are in the same direction, and in4 n in3, when the noise current passes through the coupled amplifier, the noise signal between the two currents is cancelled out due to the balun effect.
Referring to fig. 3, it is assumed that the winding squares between the first input coil 501 and the second input coil 502 are the same, and N-2. The noise current in3 of the first input coil 501 and the noise current in4 of the second output coil 502 are input in different directions, and induced currents having the same magnitude and opposite directions are generated in the output coil 503 and cancelled by the balun effect. So that the system obtains a larger new noise ratio. It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the ratio of N/N satisfies the predetermined range (0.8 < N/N < 1.25), i.e., the noise current is proportionally cancelled by the balun effect.
In other embodiments, the first input coil and the second input coil may also be integrated on one coil. Referring to fig. 4, the coupling transformer 301 includes an input coil and an output coil, the input coil has three input terminals, namely an in1 input terminal, an in2 input terminal and a vdd terminal, and since the input coil and the input coil are the same coil and the winding direction is the same, the coupling direction with the output coil is different by ensuring that the input direction of the input current is different.
In other embodiments, the coil coupling may also be performed by two coupling transformers. Referring to fig. 5, the coupling transformer 201 includes a first coupling transformer 401 and a second coupling transformer 402; the first input coil is the input coil of the first coupling transformer 401; the second input coil is an input coil of the second coupling transformer 402, and the output coil of the first coupling transformer 401 and the output coil of the second coupling transformer 402 are two identical coils.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first output end of the output coil is further configured to be connected to one of the input ends of the differential amplifier, and the second output end of the output coil is configured to be connected to the other input end of the differential amplifier.
Compared with the prior art, the low-noise amplifier is designed in the embodiment of the invention, and the source electrode of the first MOS tube and the grid electrode of the second MOS tube receive the radio-frequency signal and amplify the radio-frequency signal; through the design of the number of turns of the coil of the coupling transformer, the directions of induced currents generated by the first MOS tube at the drain electrodes of the two MOS tubes through the coupling transformer are opposite, the magnitude ratio meets the preset error range, the two noise signals are mutually offset, the noise of the whole system is reduced, and therefore the higher signal-to-noise ratio is obtained; and the whole system has simple structure and saves cost.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, each unit is a logical unit, and in practical applications, one logical unit may be one physical unit, may be a part of one physical unit, and may be implemented by a combination of a plurality of physical units. In addition, in order to highlight the innovative part of the present invention, elements that are not so closely related to solving the technical problems proposed by the present invention are not introduced in the present embodiment, but this does not indicate that other elements are not present in the present embodiment.
The second embodiment of the invention relates to a method for reducing noise, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s101, providing a low-noise amplifying circuit.
Referring to fig. 1, a low noise amplifier includes: a first MOS tube 101, a second MOS tube 102 and a coupling transformer 201; the source of the first MOS transistor 101 is connected to the gate of the second MOS transistor 102, and both are used for receiving an input signal 104.
In this embodiment, the first MOS transistor 101 is sized and configured such that the equivalent impedance seen from the source is approximately the reciprocal of its equivalent transconductance gm1, and the equivalent impedance of the first MOS transistor 101 is the same as the impedance 105 of the input signal to the low noise amplifier. The effective transconductance gm2 of the second MOS transistor 102 is n times (n is a real number) the effective transconductance gm1 of the first MOS transistor 101.
In this embodiment, the input signal 104 is connected to the source of the first MOS transistor 101 and the gate of the second MOS transistor 102 through the capacitor 106, and the capacitor 106 is used for blocking the dc signal by the ac signal, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the low noise amplifier circuit.
The coupling transformer 201 includes at least a first input coil, a second input coil, and an output coil; the turn ratio between the first input coil and the output coil is N times (N is a real number) of the turn ratio between the second input coil and the output coil, and the coupling directions are opposite. In the present embodiment, the ratio of N/N is equal to 1.
The drain of the first MOS transistor 101 is connected to the first input coil of the coupling transformer 201, the drain of the second MOS transistor 102 is connected to the second input coil of the coupling transformer 201, and the input signal 104 is amplified by the first MOS transistor 101, and then an amplified signal in1 formed at the drain of the first MOS transistor 101 passes through the coupling transformer 201 to form a first output signal out 1; after the input signal 104 is amplified by the second MOS transistor 102, an amplified signal in2 formed at the drain of the second MOS transistor 102 passes through the coupling transformer 201 to form a second output signal out 2; the output coil comprises two output ends which are respectively a first output end and a second output end; the first output end is used for outputting an induced current out1 generated by the first input coil at the output coil; the second output terminal is used for outputting the induced current out2 generated by the second input coil at the output coil.
And S102, accessing an input signal.
The source electrode of the first MOS tube is used for receiving an input signal, and an amplified signal formed at the drain electrode of the first MOS tube forms a first output signal through a coupling transformer; the grid electrode of the second MOS tube is used for receiving an input signal, and an amplified signal formed at the drain electrode of the second MOS tube forms a second output signal through the coupling transformer.
The noise signal in the first output signal and the noise signal in the second output signal cancel each other out.
Specifically, the first input coil generates an induced current out1 ═ V × gm1 × N × M at the output coil; the second input coil generates an induced current out2 ═ V × gm1 × n × M at the output coil. As can be seen from the foregoing, in the present embodiment, the ratio of N/N is equal to 1, i.e., N ═ N; out 1-out 2; and the coupling direction of the first input coil and the output coil is opposite to the coupling direction of the second input coil and the output coil, that is, the induced current out1 generated by the first input coil at the output coil is equal to the induced current out2 generated by the second input coil at the output coil in size and direction, so that the low-noise amplifier can obtain a larger output signal.
The noise of the M0 transistor is analyzed to ignore the input signal, referring to fig. 2, the noise exists in the first MOS transistor 101, the noise is equivalent as one signal input, i.e. M0 equivalent gate noise 202, and circuit analysis shows that the noise current in3 generated by the M0 equivalent gate noise at the drain of the first MOS transistor 101 and the noise current in4 generated at the drain of the second MOS transistor 102 are in the same direction, and in4 n in3, when the noise current passes through the coupled amplifier, the noise signal between the two currents is cancelled out due to the balun effect.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention cancels the two noise signals by the design of the two MOS tube devices and the coupling transformer, thereby reducing the noise and leading the system to obtain higher signal-to-noise ratio; and the structure is simple, and higher cost is not needed.
The above steps are divided for clarity, and the implementation may be combined into one step or split some steps, and the steps are divided into multiple steps, so long as the steps include the same logical relationship, which is within the protection scope of the present patent; it is within the scope of the patent to add insignificant modifications to the flow or to introduce insignificant design, but not to change the core design of the flow.
Since the first embodiment corresponds to the present embodiment, the present embodiment can be implemented in cooperation with the first embodiment. The related technical details mentioned in the first embodiment are still valid in this embodiment, and the technical effects that can be achieved in the first embodiment can also be achieved in this embodiment, and are not described herein again in order to reduce the repetition. Accordingly, the related-art details mentioned in the present embodiment can also be applied to the first embodiment.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
Claims (9)
1. A low noise amplifier, for application to a current signal, comprising:
the device comprises a first MOS tube, a second MOS tube and a coupling transformer;
the coupling transformer at least comprises a first input coil, a second input coil and an output coil;
the turn ratio between the first input coil and the output coil is N times of the turn ratio between the second input coil and the output coil, and the coupling directions are opposite;
the source electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the second MOS tube and is used for receiving an input signal;
the drain electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the first input coil, and the drain electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the second input coil; the effective transconductance of the second MOS tube is N times of that of the first MOS tube, and the ratio of N/N is equal to 1.
2. The low noise amplifier of claim 1, wherein the output coil comprises: a first output terminal and a second output terminal;
the first output end is connected with one input end of a differential amplifier, and the second output end is connected with the other input end of the differential amplifier;
the first output end is used for outputting induced current generated by the first input coil on the output coil; the second output end is used for outputting the induced current generated by the second input coil on the output coil.
3. The low noise amplifier of claim 1, wherein the coupling transformer comprises: a first coupling transformer and a second coupling transformer;
the first input coil is an input coil of the first coupling transformer, the second input coil is an input coil of the second coupling transformer, and an output coil of the first coupling transformer and an output coil of the second coupling transformer are two same coils.
4. The low noise amplifier of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the first input coil and the second input coil are integrated on one coil.
5. The low noise amplifier of claim 1, wherein the coupling directions are opposite, in particular comprising:
the current directions of the first input coil and the second input coil are consistent, and the winding directions of the first input coil and the second input coil are opposite;
or the winding directions of the first input coil and the second input coil are consistent, and the current directions of the first input coil and the second input coil are opposite.
6. The low noise amplifier of claim 1, wherein the source of the first MOS transistor and the gate of the second MOS transistor are further configured to receive a same bias current.
7. The low noise amplifier of claim 1, wherein the first MOS transistor equivalent impedance is the same as the impedance of the input signal.
8. The low noise amplifier of claim 1, wherein a turns ratio of the second input coil to the output coil is M: 1, and M is a positive real number.
9. A method of reducing noise using a low noise amplifier according to any of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
the source electrode of the first MOS tube is used for receiving an input signal, and an amplified signal formed at the drain electrode of the first MOS tube forms a first output signal through a coupling transformer;
the grid electrode of the second MOS tube is used for receiving the input signal, and an amplified signal formed at the drain electrode of the second MOS tube forms a second output signal through the coupling transformer;
the noise signal in the first output signal and the noise signal in the second output signal cancel each other out.
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| WO2015100402A1 (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-02 | Vigraham Baradwaj | Circuits for low noise amplifiers |
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| CN104221294A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-12-17 | 高通股份有限公司 | A single-ended receiver with a multi-port transformer and shared mixer |
| CN105830341A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2016-08-03 | 高通股份有限公司 | Distortion cancellation for low noise amplifier (lna) non-linear second order products |
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