CN111266678A - Method for strengthening mass transfer efficiency in electrolytic machining micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution and control system - Google Patents
Method for strengthening mass transfer efficiency in electrolytic machining micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution and control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111266678A CN111266678A CN202010106708.0A CN202010106708A CN111266678A CN 111266678 A CN111266678 A CN 111266678A CN 202010106708 A CN202010106708 A CN 202010106708A CN 111266678 A CN111266678 A CN 111266678A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/02—Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply, control, preventing short circuits
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for strengthening the mass transfer efficiency in an electrochemical machining micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution, which comprises a first machining section and a second machining section which are used for alternately switching workpieces arranged in electrolyte, wherein the first machining section is an electrolytic workpiece, and the second machining section is a cathode which is used for performing cathodic hydrogen evolution. The method effectively utilizes the characteristic of cathodic hydrogen evolution in the electrochemical reaction process, can effectively remove the anode insoluble product in the processing gap, particularly the insoluble product adhered to the processing surface of the anode without other technical means, and solves the problems of difficult discharge of the anode product and difficult update of electrolyte in the processing gap, thereby improving the mass transfer speed and the micro-electrolysis processing efficiency in the micro-scale processing gap, improving the quality and the stability of the processing surface, and realizing the processing of the microstructure with a large depth-to-width ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for strengthening mass transfer efficiency in an electrolytic machining micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution and a control system.
Background
The precision and the miniaturization are the mainstream development directions of modern industrial products, and the micro-machining technology is a supporting technology for realizing the miniaturization of the products and is one of important evaluation indexes for measuring the advanced manufacturing level of a country. The micro electrolytic machining technology is a micro manufacturing method based on the electrochemical anode dissolution principle, and has the advantages of no limitation of mechanical properties of materials in machining, good machining surface quality, no cathode loss, reusability and the like. In view of the above advantages, micro electrochemical machining technology has become one of the most promising machining methods in the field of micro fabrication. However, in the micro electrolytic machining process, the gap (machining gap) between the cathode and the anode is usually only several micrometers to tens of micrometers, sometimes even in submicron order, so that the narrow machining gap makes it very difficult to discharge the electrolytic product in the gap during the machining process, especially the flocculent insoluble product generated by the anode is very easy to adhere to the machining surface of the anode, which makes the electrolyte in the machining gap difficult to update, and the quality and stability of the machining surface are reduced, sometimes even the occurrence of spark and short circuit phenomenon is caused, so that the machining cannot be continuously performed. Therefore, there is a great need for a method of enhancing the mass transfer rate in the micro-scale machining gap of electrochemical machining.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for strengthening mass transfer in an electrochemical machining micro gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution, which solves the problems of difficult discharge of anode products and difficult update of electrolyte in the machining gap, thereby improving the micro electrochemical machining efficiency and improving the quality and stability of a machined surface.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for strengthening mass transfer efficiency in an electrochemical machining micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution comprises the steps of alternately switching a first machining section and a second machining section on a workpiece arranged in an electrolyte, wherein the first machining section is used for electrolyzing the workpiece, and the second machining section is used for taking the workpiece as a cathode and performing cathodic hydrogen evolution.
Further, the method comprises: providing a fine electrode and an auxiliary electrode inserted into the electrolyte; the first processing section comprises the following specific steps: taking the micro electrode as a cathode and the workpiece as an anode, and supplying power to form a loop between the micro electrode and the workpiece; the second processing section comprises the following specific steps: and taking the workpiece as a cathode and the auxiliary electrode as an anode, and supplying power to form a loop between the workpiece and the auxiliary electrode.
Further, the second processing stage also comprises that the micro-electrode is used as a cathode, and power is supplied to form a loop between the micro-electrode and the auxiliary electrode.
Further, in the first processing stage, a ultrashort pulse voltage is used; in the second processing stage, a direct current or a high-frequency narrow pulse voltage is used.
Further, the ultrashort pulse voltage is 5.0V, the pulse frequency is 1MHz, and the pulse width is 80 ns; the high-frequency narrow pulse voltage is 2.0V, the pulse frequency is 50KHz, and the duty ratio is 50%.
Further, the fine electrode was a tungsten rod having a diameter of 50 μm, and the auxiliary electrode was a 304 stainless steel sheet and had a size of 30mm × 30mm × 1 mm.
Further, a gap between a lower end surface of the fine electrode and an upper surface of the workpiece is set to 5 μm as an initial machining gap, and the fine electrode is fed to the workpiece at a constant speed v of 1.0 μm in the first machining stage, and is held stationary with respect to the workpiece in the second machining stage.
The invention also provides a control system for realizing the method for strengthening the mass transfer efficiency in the electrochemical machining micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution, which is used for machining a workpiece arranged in electrolyte, the control system comprises a micro electrode and an auxiliary electrode which are inserted into the electrolyte and a power supply device which is respectively and electrically connected with the micro electrode, the auxiliary electrode and the workpiece, the power supply device, the micro electrode and the workpiece form a first loop, the power supply device, the auxiliary electrode and the workpiece form a second loop, the control system also comprises a change-over switch for controlling and changing the conduction of one of the first loop and the second loop, the micro electrode is a cathode in the first loop, and the workpiece is an anode; in the second loop, the workpiece is a cathode, and the auxiliary electrode is an anode.
Further, the second circuit also includes the fine electrode which is parallel to the workpiece and is also a cathode.
Further, the change-over switch is a relay.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for strengthening the mass transfer in the electrochemical machining micro-gap based on the cathodic hydrogen evolution effectively utilizes the characteristic of cathodic hydrogen evolution in the electrochemical reaction process, can effectively remove the anode insoluble product in the machining gap, particularly the insoluble product adhered to the machining surface of the anode without other technical means, and solves the problems of difficult discharge of the anode product and difficult update of electrolyte in the machining gap, thereby improving the mass transfer speed in the micro-scale machining gap, the micro-electrolysis machining efficiency, the quality and the stability of the machining surface and realizing the machining of a large depth-to-width ratio.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a control system for implementing a method for enhancing the mass transfer efficiency in an electrochemical machining micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit board and relay of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of the relay make contact and the fine electrode feed amount with time in FIG. 1, in which (a) is a waveform diagram of the relay make contact with time; (b) is a waveform diagram of the change of the feeding amount of the fine electrode with time.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a control system for implementing a method for enhancing the mass transfer efficiency in an electrochemical machining micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution, which is used for machining a workpiece 2 disposed in an electrolyte. The control system includes a fine electrode 1 and an auxiliary electrode 3 to be inserted in the electrolytic solution, and power supply means electrically connected to the fine electrode 1, the auxiliary electrode 3, and the workpiece 2, respectively. The power supply device, the micro electrode 1 and the workpiece 2 form a first loop, in the first loop, the power supply device is an ultrashort pulse power supply 6 and provides ultrashort pulse voltage, the voltage set by the ultrashort pulse is 5.0V, the pulse frequency is 1MHz, and the pulse width is 80 ns. The power supply device, the auxiliary electrode 3 and the workpiece 2 form a second loop, and in the second loop, the power supply device is a direct current or high-frequency narrow pulse power supply 5 and provides direct current or high-frequency narrow pulse voltage, wherein the voltage set by the high-frequency narrow pulse is 2.0V, the pulse frequency is 50KHz, and the duty ratio is 50%. In the first loop, the micro-electrode 1 is a cathode, and the workpiece 2 is an anode, so that electrolytic machining of the workpiece 2 is realized; in the second loop, the workpiece 2 is a cathode, the auxiliary electrode 3 is an anode, and the second loop also comprises a micro-electrode 1 which is connected with the workpiece 2 in parallel and is simultaneously a cathode, so that the cathode rapid hydrogen evolution is realized on the workpiece 2 and the micro-electrode 1, a large amount of micro-bubbles are generated, and the anode product adhered to the surfaces of the workpiece 2 and the micro-electrode 1 is peeled off and is carried away from the processing gap.
The control system also comprises a change-over switch for controlling the conduction of one of the first loop and the second loop, wherein the change-over switch is a relay which can be programmed to control the on position of the relay. Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the number of the relays of the control system is two, and the relays include a first relay 7 and a second relay 8, the first relay 7 and the second relay 8 are fixed on a circuit board 4, seven ports are arranged on the circuit board 4, and the seven ports are oppositely arranged on two sides of the circuit board 4, wherein four ports are on one side and are labeled A, B, C, D, and the other three ports are on the other side and are labeled E, F, G. The three contacts of x, y and z are arranged in the relay, wherein the x contact of the first relay 7 is connected with the F port of the circuit board 4, the y contact of the first relay 7 is connected with the C port of the circuit board 4, the z contact of the first relay 7 is connected with the G port of the circuit board 4, the x contact of the second relay 8 is connected with the G port of the circuit board 4, the y contact of the second relay 8 is connected with the D port of the circuit board 4, the z contact of the second relay 8 is connected with the B port of the circuit board 4, the x contact and the y contact can be selectively switched on or the x contact and the z contact can be switched on by programming and controlling the first relay 7 and the second relay 8, so that the first loop is switched on or the second loop is switched on.
In the control system, the fine electrode 1 is a tungsten rod having a diameter of 50 μm, and the fine electrode 1 is connected to an F port in the circuit board 4. The workpiece 2 to be processed is connected to the G port in the circuit board 4. The auxiliary electrode 3 is a 304 stainless steel sheet with the size of 30mm × 30mm × 1mm, and the auxiliary electrode 3 is connected to the E port in the circuit board 4, and indeed, the micro electrode 1 and the auxiliary electrode 3 may be made of other materials, and the shape and size are not specifically shown here. The positive pole and the negative pole of the ultrashort pulse power supply 6 are respectively connected with the D port and the C port in the circuit board 4, and the positive pole and the negative pole of the high-frequency narrow pulse power supply 5 are respectively connected with the A port and the B port in the circuit board 4.
The control system is used for realizing the method for strengthening the mass transfer efficiency in the micro-gap by electrochemical machining based on cathodic hydrogen evolution, and the method comprises the step of alternately switching a first machining section and a second machining section on a workpiece 2 arranged in an electrolyte, wherein the first machining section is used for electrolyzing the workpiece 2, and the second machining section is used for taking the workpiece 2 as a cathode and performing cathodic hydrogen evolution. The method comprises the following steps: providing a fine electrode 1 and an auxiliary electrode 3 inserted into the electrolyte; the first processing section comprises the following specific steps: supplying power to form a loop between the micro-electrode 1 and the workpiece 2 by using the micro-electrode 1 as a cathode and the workpiece 2 as an anode; the second processing section comprises the following specific steps: the workpiece 2 is used as a cathode, and the auxiliary electrode 3 is used as an anode, and power is supplied to form a loop between the workpiece 2 and the auxiliary electrode 3. The second processing stage further comprises supplying power to the fine electrode 1 as a cathode so that a circuit is formed between the fine electrode 1 and the auxiliary electrode 3. The gap between the lower end face of the microelectrode 1 and the upper surface of the workpiece 2 is set to 5 μm as an initial machining gap, and in the first machining stage, the microelectrode 1 is fed to the workpiece 2 at a constant speed v of 1.0 μm, and in the second machining stage, the microelectrode 1 is held stationary with respect to the workpiece 2.
The method for strengthening the mass transfer efficiency in the micro-gap by electrochemical machining based on cathodic hydrogen evolution is described by the following specific examples,
s1, a tungsten rod having a diameter of 50 μm was used as the microelectrode 1, and the microelectrode 1 was fixed in the cathode holder of the electrolytic processing stage and connected to the F port of the circuit board 4.
S2, using a 304 stainless steel sheet with the size of 10mm multiplied by 2mm as a workpiece 2 to be processed, firstly cleaning the workpiece in an ultrasonic cleaning machine to remove impurities such as oil stains and dust on the surface, and then fixing the workpiece 2 in a workpiece clamp of an electrolytic processing platform and connecting the workpiece with a G port in a circuit board 4.
S3, a sheet of 304 stainless steel 30mm × 30mm × 1mm in size was used as the auxiliary electrode 3, and was connected to the E port in the circuit board 4.
And S4, connecting the positive pole and the negative pole of the high-frequency narrow pulse power supply 5 to the port A and the port B in the circuit board 4 respectively. The voltage of the high-frequency narrow-pulse power supply 5 is set to be 2.0V, the pulse frequency is 50KHz, and the duty ratio is 50%.
And S5, connecting the positive pole and the negative pole of the ultra-short pulse power supply 6 with the D port and the C port in the circuit board 4 respectively. The voltage of the ultrashort pulse power supply 6 is set to be 5.0V, the pulse frequency is 1MHz, and the pulse width is 80 ns.
S6, in the initial state, x and y in the first relay 7 are controlled to be turned on, and x and y in the second relay 8 are also controlled to be turned on. The gap between the lower end face of the fine electrode 1 and the upper surface of the workpiece 2 was adjusted to 5 μm as an initial machining gap, and the high-frequency narrow-pulse power supply 5 and the ultrashort-pulse power supply 6 were turned on. During the machining, the programmable control relays 7 and 8 operate periodically according to the waveform shown in fig. 3(a), in which: the x-y contact time t1 is set to 1.0s, and the x-z contact time t2 is set to 1.0 s. When the x-y contacts of the two relays are closed, the system is in the electrochemical machining state of the first machining section, namely: the micro electrode 1 is a cathode, the workpiece 2 is an anode, and the anode material is electrochemically dissolved; when the x-z contacts of the two relays are closed, the system is in a cathode hydrogen evolution state of the second processing section, namely: the micro-electrode 1 and the workpiece 2 are cathodes, the auxiliary electrode 3 is an anode, and a large amount of hydrogen bubbles are separated out from the surface of the cathode, so that insoluble products adhered to the surface of the workpiece 2 in the first processing section are peeled off, meanwhile, the electrolytic products in the micro-processing gap are carried away from the processing gap by the hydrogen bubbles under the action of buoyancy, and the electrolyte is effectively updated. The feeding of the fine electrode 1 is performed in a waveform shown in fig. 3(b), that is: in the first processing stage, the microelectrode 1 is fed at a constant speed v of 1.0 μm to the workpiece 2, and in the second processing stage, the microelectrode 1 is held stationary relative to the workpiece 2.
And S7, stopping machining when the required depth is reached, and ending the whole machining process.
The method for strengthening the mass transfer efficiency in the electrochemical machining micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution can be realized by adopting other circuit structures besides the embodiment provided by the application.
In summary, the method for strengthening the mass transfer in the electrochemical machining micro gap based on the cathodic hydrogen evolution effectively utilizes the characteristic of cathodic hydrogen evolution in the electrochemical reaction process, can effectively remove the anode insoluble product in the machining gap, particularly the insoluble product adhered to the machining surface of the anode without other technical means, and solves the problems of difficult discharge of the anode product and update of electrolyte in the machining gap, thereby improving the mass transfer speed in the micro-scale machining gap, the micro-electrochemical machining efficiency, the quality and the stability of the machining surface, and realizing the machining of the microstructure with a large depth-to-width ratio.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for strengthening the mass transfer efficiency in an electrochemical machining micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution, which is characterized in that the method comprises a first machining section and a second machining section which are alternately switched to carry out the workpiece arranged in an electrolyte, wherein the first machining section is used for electrolyzing the workpiece, and the second machining section is used for taking the workpiece as a cathode and carrying out cathodic hydrogen evolution.
2. The method for enhancing mass transfer efficiency in an electrochemical machining micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: providing a fine electrode and an auxiliary electrode inserted into the electrolyte; the first processing section comprises the following specific steps: taking the micro electrode as a cathode and the workpiece as an anode, and supplying power to form a loop between the micro electrode and the workpiece; the second processing section comprises the following specific steps: and taking the workpiece as a cathode and the auxiliary electrode as an anode, and supplying power to form a loop between the workpiece and the auxiliary electrode.
3. The method for enhancing mass transfer efficiency in a micro-gap during electrochemical machining based on cathodic hydrogen evolution as claimed in claim 2 wherein said second machining stage further comprises energizing said micro-electrode as a cathode to form a loop between said micro-electrode and said auxiliary electrode.
4. The method for enhancing mass transfer efficiency in electrochemical machining micro-gaps based on cathodic hydrogen evolution as set forth in claim 2 wherein in said first machining stage, a ultrashort pulse voltage is applied; in the second processing stage, a direct current or a high-frequency narrow pulse voltage is used.
5. The method for enhancing the mass transfer efficiency in the electrochemical machining micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution of claim 4, wherein the ultrashort pulse voltage is 5.0V, the pulse frequency is 1MHz, and the pulse width is 80 ns; the high-frequency narrow pulse voltage is 2.0V, the pulse frequency is 50KHz, and the duty ratio is 50%.
6. The method for enhancing the mass transfer efficiency in a micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution of claim 2 wherein the micro-electrodes are tungsten rods with a diameter of 50 μm and the auxiliary electrodes are 304 stainless steel sheets and have dimensions of 30mm x 1 mm.
7. The method for enhancing the mass transfer efficiency in the electrochemical machining micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution as set forth in claim 1, wherein the gap between the lower end surface of the micro-electrode and the upper surface of the workpiece is set to 5 μm as an initial machining gap, and in the first machining stage, the micro-electrode is fed toward the workpiece at a constant speed v ═ 1.0 μm, and in the second machining stage, the micro-electrode is held stationary with respect to the workpiece.
8. A control system for implementing the method for enhancing the mass transfer efficiency in the micro-gap based on cathodic hydrogen evolution of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the control system is used for processing a workpiece disposed in an electrolyte, the control system comprises a micro-electrode and an auxiliary electrode which are inserted into the electrolyte, and power supply devices which are respectively electrically connected with the micro-electrode, the auxiliary electrode and the workpiece, the power supply devices and the micro-electrode and the workpiece form a first loop, the power supply devices and the auxiliary electrode and the workpiece form a second loop, the control system further comprises a switch for controlling and switching the conduction of one of the first loop and the second loop, the micro-electrode in the first loop is a cathode, and the workpiece is an anode; in the second loop, the workpiece is a cathode, and the auxiliary electrode is an anode.
9. The control system of claim 8, further comprising said micro-electrode in parallel with said workpiece and simultaneously being a cathode in said second circuit.
10. The control system of claim 8, wherein the switch is a relay.
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