CN111264723A - Feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout, which is prepared from the following raw materials: herba et Gemma Agrimoniae, fructus Aristolochiae, semen Lepidii, herba Euphorbiae Humifusae, herba Epimedii, caulis Polygoni Multiflori, Polyporus, radix Aristolochice, herba Taxilli, herba Epimedii, placenta hominis, radix Dipsaci, flos Lonicerae, herba Gynostemmatis, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, and compound microorganism preparation. The feed additive follows the principle of Chinese veterinarian, can improve the immunity of fish organisms, enables rainbow trout to effectively resist the interference of external factors, can strengthen and perfect the defense and disease-resistant system of the rainbow trout, and achieves the aims of preventing the disease before and controlling the disease heavily; the feed additive does not contain any chemical raw material, avoids using a large amount of antibiotics in the process of culturing the rainbow trout, reduces the environmental pollution, can greatly reduce the morbidity and mortality of the rainbow trout, and ensures that the cultured rainbow trout meat is safer and has better quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed additives, and particularly relates to a feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
China is a world aquaculture big country, and the yield of freshwater products is the first world. The total yield of aquatic products in China is 5107.6 ten thousand tons in 2005, the yield value of the aquatic products is 4016.1 million yuan, the culture yield of the aquatic products reaches 3395 ten thousand tons, and the total yield of the aquatic products accounts for 66.48%. With the fact that freshwater fishes in China are going out of China in a dispute and develop overseas markets, the development space of freshwater aquaculture is wider, the specific gravity of aquatic product aquaculture is further improved, and the aquatic product aquaculture becomes a main power for increasing the quantity of aquatic products. According to the prediction of FAO, the yield of the Chinese aquatic products in 2030 year can reach 7611.5 ten thousand tons, and the yield has 49.02 percent of growth space compared with the yield in 2005 year. China is the only country with aquaculture exceeding the fishing amount.
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Salmoniformes, Salmonidae, Pacific salmon, commonly known as waterfall fish, seven-color fish; the side of the rainbow trout is provided with a wide and bright purple rainbow band along the middle part of the lateral line, so the rainbow trout is called rainbow trout, and half or all of the side of the rainbow trout is provided with small black spots; the land seal type, the lake and marsh type and the sea lowering type are adopted, and the land seal type is mainly adopted for cultivation; the water is fond to inhabit in a clear water area with lower water temperature, more dissolved oxygen and abundant flow; the rainbow trout is bred in northern American Pacific coast and mountain stream of Alaska USA, which are introduced to many countries from the northwest part of North America, and in northern areas such as northeast China and Shandong, and in cold spring resource-rich areas such as Xingan county and resource county in Guangxi and alpine mountainous areas in northwest of Guizhou province, rainbow trout breeding is carried out; the salmon fish meat is tender, fat, less in thorn, delicious in taste, rich in essential fatty acid such as EPA, DHA and the like which are necessary for human bodies, is a third salmonidae fish breeding variety in the world, belongs to the famous carnivorous fish, is an ideal fish for making the salmon, and is known as the ginseng in water.
With the continuous improvement of social consumption level, the consumption market of the rainbow trout is gradually expanded, and the breeding market of the rainbow trout has wide development prospect. In the process of cultivating the rainbow trout, the largest harm to the rainbow trout is aquatic pathogenic bacteria, the main diseases are from viral diseases and bacterial diseases such as gill disease, intestinal diseases and the like at present, and besides infectious diseases, the main disease threat of commercial cultivation is also from attack of parasites such as parasitic diseases such as louse disease and the like. Statistics of related departments shows that the types of diseases causing damage to aquatic products cultivated in China are over 200, wherein dozens of common diseases exist, and viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi are common pathogens of aquatic products. In 2006, viral diseases accounted for 11.02%, bacterial diseases accounted for 57.63%, while fungal diseases accounted for 4.24%, parasitic diseases accounted for 24.58% of the biogenic diseases.
At present, antibiotics are mainly used for preventing and treating aquatic pathogens of rainbow trout, and long-term excessive use of the antibiotics not only causes that a plurality of pathogenic organisms have drug resistance with different degrees to almost all antibiotic drugs, but also pollutes the environment and also causes serious human health by using a large amount of antibiotics, and the antibiotics are the major scientific and technological problems influencing the sustainable development of livestock husbandry and aquaculture industry and even human health in China at present. In order to improve the disease resistance of the rainbow trout and reduce the use of antibiotics, other medicinal components can be added into the feed for improving the disease resistance of the rainbow trout, so that the survival rate and the yield of the rainbow trout are improved.
At present, there are some publications on feed additives for preventing and treating rainbow trout diseases, such as:
1. patent application CN201710595784.0 discloses a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for improving growth performance and immunity of rainbow trout and application thereof, wherein the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19-25 parts of sweet wormwood, 18-25 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 15-20 parts of quisqualis indica, 8-13 parts of radix bupleuri, 8-10 parts of epimedium, 6-8 parts of angelica sinensis, 3-4 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 1-2 parts of garlic, 3-5 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 3-4 parts of folium artemisiae argyi and 3-5 parts of poria cocos. The beneficial effects are that: all components of the additive are naturally produced, are environment-friendly and healthy, can improve the palatability of feed, increase the appetite of rainbow trout, promote the growth of the rainbow trout, shorten the culture period and improve the culture income; the additive contains effective active ingredients with regulating function on organism immune system, can effectively promote cell immunity and humoral immunity of rainbow trout, and has obvious enhancement effect on anti-stress capability and disease resistance of rainbow trout organism.
2. The patent application CN201611122660.2 discloses a feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout, which comprises, by weight, 20-35 parts of β -1, 3-glucan, 15-25 parts of low-molecular-weight chitosan oligosaccharide, 3-22 parts of vitamin C10, 5-10 parts of citric acid, 3-6 parts of zinc methionine and 0.5-2 parts of 5-methyl-2- (4-methoxyphenyl) -4-ethyl oxazolecarboxylate.
3. Patent application CN201711245458.3 discloses a rainbow trout feed additive for preventing and treating diseases and promoting growth, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the feed additive comprises bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor. The rainbow trout feed additive for preventing and treating diseases and promoting growth, the preparation method and the application thereof, disclosed by the invention, comprise bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor. The rainbow trout for preventing and treating diseases and promoting growth can obviously promote the healthy growth and development of the rainbow trout, effectively improve the immune function of organisms and prevent and control bacterial disease infection; the preparation method comprises the following steps: fermenting bacillus subtilis, spray drying fermentation liquor and mixing; simple preparation, high bioavailability, no drug residue, no toxic and side effects, convenient use, safety and reliability. The preparation method of the feed additive adopts a biological fermentation process, is simple in preparation, does not generate three wastes in the process, and can be widely applied to rainbow trout culture.
However, in the existing published documents, when the rainbow trout is cultured in Guangxi mountainous areas, the rainbow trout cannot achieve good prevention and treatment effects, a large number of rainbow trout die after being infected with germs, great troubles are caused to farmers, and the enthusiasm of the farmers for continuous culture is greatly reduced. The Chinese herbal medicine has the advantages of nature, safety, mild and stable medicinal effect and the like, and has great development potential in the application of aquaculture medicines. Therefore, the development of the feed additive more suitable for preventing and treating the disease of the freshwater rainbow trout in the Guangxi mountainous areas by utilizing the Chinese herbal medicines is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout, a preparation method and application thereof for solving the technical problems. The feed additive follows the principle that a Chinese veterinarian says that the vital qi is stored in the body, the evil cannot be dried, the evil is gathered, and the qi is deficient, so that the immunity of a fish body can be improved, the rainbow trout can effectively resist the interference of external factors, a system for defending and resisting diseases of the rainbow trout per se can be perfected, and the aims of preventing before illness and treating after illness are fulfilled; the feed additive does not contain any chemical raw material, when the feed additive is used for improving the rainbow trout crater disease capacity, no chemical drugs such as antibiotics are needed to be added, the use of a large amount of antibiotics in the process of breeding rainbow trout is avoided, the environmental pollution is reduced, and because the Chinese herbal medicines have the advantages of nature, safety, mild and stable drug action, the morbidity and the mortality of the rainbow trout can be greatly reduced, and the bred rainbow trout meat is safer and has better quality.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 50-60 parts of aristolochia debilis, 50-60 parts of semen lepidii, 45-55 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 45-55 parts of herba epimedii, 45-55 parts of tuber fleeceflower stem, 30-50 parts of polyporus umbellatus, 25-35 parts of dutchmanspipe root, 15-25 parts of parasitic loranthus, 10-20 parts of epimedium herb, 10-20 parts of human placenta, 5-15 parts of dipsacus root, 1-10 parts of honeysuckle flower, 20-40 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 10-20 parts of fritillaria and 20-40 parts of composite microbial agent.
Further, the feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58-62 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 53-58 parts of aristolochia debilis, 53-57 parts of semen lepidii, 47-52 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 48-53 parts of epimedium herb, 48-53 parts of tuber fleeceflower stem, 35-45 parts of polyporus umbellatus, 28-33 parts of dutchmanspipe root, 18-23 parts of parasitic loranthus, 13-18 parts of epimedium herb, 12-17 parts of human placenta, 7-12 parts of dipsacus root, 3-8 parts of honeysuckle flower, 25-35 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 13-18 parts of fritillary bulb and 25-35 parts of composite microbial agent.
Further, the feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 55 parts of aristolochia debilis, 55 parts of semen lepidii, 50 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 50 parts of epimedium herb, 50 parts of tuber fleeceflower stem, 40 parts of polyporus, 30 parts of dutchmanspipe root, 20 parts of parasitic loranthus, 15 parts of epimedium herb, 15 parts of human placenta, 10 parts of dipsacus root, 5 parts of honeysuckle flower, 30 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 15 parts of fritillaria and 30 parts of compound microbial agent.
Further, the compound microbial agent is three or more of lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus.
Further, the preparation method of the feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing hairyvein agrimony, dutchmanspipe fruit, semen lepidii, humifuse euphorbia herb, herba epimedii, tuber fleeceflower stem, polyporus umbellatus, dutchmanspipe root, parasitic loranthus, epimedium herb, human placenta, dipsacus root and fritillaria, cleaning, draining, crushing, sieving with a 200-250 mesh sieve, adding drinking water 25-30 times of the weight of hairyvein agrimony, decocting for 5-6 h, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, adding drinking water 20-23 times of the weight of hairyvein agrimony into filter residues, continuously decocting for twice, and combining the filtrates for three times to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution and Chinese medicine residues;
(2) uniformly mixing honeysuckle, gynostemma pentaphylla and the Chinese medicine residues in the step (1), and carrying out superfine grinding in a superfine grinder to obtain Chinese medicine powder;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the step (1) and the Chinese herbal medicine powder in the step (2), sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure, adding the compound microbial agent, uniformly stirring, then sending into a fermentation room for fermentation treatment, and drying to obtain the feed additive.
Further, in the step (1), the frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 0.1-0.2 Mpa, the power is 300-350W, and the time is 10-15 min.
Further, in the step (2), the frequency of the superfine grinding is 15-20 Hz, the wind speed is 1.2-1.4 m/s, the time is 15-20 min, and the granularity of the ground material is 8-10 mu m.
Further, in the step (3), the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization is 0.3-0.5 Mpa, the temperature is 121-123 ℃, and the time is 20-25 min.
Further, in the step (3), the temperature of the fermentation treatment is 42-44 ℃, and the time is 7-7.5 h.
Further, an application of the feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout prepared by the preparation method is characterized in that: the prepared feed additive is applied to the disease prevention and treatment of the rainbow trout in the breeding process so as to improve the disease resistance of the rainbow trout.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the birthwort root, the honeysuckle and the like used in the application have the function of promoting the increase of the number of white blood cells in blood; the Polyporus umbellatus and herba Taxilli can promote enhancement of mononuclear macrophage function, and mononuclear macrophage has function of phagocytosing bacteria and virus; the epimedium can promote the increase of the number of T cells and the transformation of lymphoblast; placenta hominis, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae etc. can promote antibody production; polyporus umbellatus and herba et Gemma Agrimoniae can stimulate tumor immune response; honeysuckle, gynostemma pentaphylla and the like can improve the non-specific immunity of the fish body; fructus aristolochiae, semen lepidii, humifuse euphorbia herb, herba epimedii, tuber fleeceflower stem and the like have the effects of inhibiting bacteria, resisting viruses, improving immunity and resisting stress, effectively relieve the damage of medicaments, heavy metals and pollutants in water to fish liver, prevent fish fatty liver, improve feed digestibility, improve the production performance of aquatic animals and the like.
(2) The feed additive follows the principle that a Chinese veterinarian says that 'vital qi exists in the interior, the evil cannot be dried', 'the evil is gathered, and the qi is deficient', can improve the immunity of a fish organism, enable the rainbow trout to effectively resist the interference of external factors, can perfect and perfect a system for defending and resisting diseases of the rainbow trout, and achieves the purposes of preventing before illness and treating after illness.
(3) This application feed additive does not add any chemical raw materials, when being used for improving rainbow trout hole disease ability, need not add chemical drugs such as any antibiotic, avoided using a large amount of antibiotics at breed rainbow trout in-process, reduce environmental pollution, because the Chinese herbal medicine has advantages natural, safe, that the drug action is mild and stable, consequently the feed additive who makes can greatly reduced the morbidity and the mortality of rainbow trout, breed gained rainbow trout flesh of fish safer moreover, the quality is better.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
A feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of hairyvein agrimonia herb and bud, 50 parts of aristolochia debilis, 50 parts of semen lepidii, 45 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 45 parts of epimedium herb, 45 parts of tuber fleeceflower stem, 30 parts of polyporus, 25 parts of dutchmanspipe root, 15 parts of parasitic loranthus, 10 parts of epimedium herb, 10 parts of human placenta, 5 parts of dipsacus root, 1 part of honeysuckle flower, 20 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 10 parts of fritillaria and 20 parts of compound microbial agent.
Further, the compound microbial agent is lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, aspergillus oryzae and bacillus subtilis.
A preparation method of a feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing hairyvein agrimony, dutchmanspipe fruit, semen lepidii, humifuse euphorbia herb, herba epimedii, tuber fleeceflower stem, polyporus umbellatus, dutchmanspipe root, parasitic loranthus, epimedium herb, human placenta, dipsacus root and fritillaria, cleaning, draining, crushing to 200 meshes, adding drinking water with the weight 25 times that of the hairyvein agrimony, decocting for 5 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, adding drinking water with the weight 20 times that of the hairyvein agrimony into filter residues, continuously decocting for two times, and combining the three filtrates to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution and Chinese medicine residues; the ultrasonic treatment frequency is 0.1Mpa, the power is 300W, and the time is 10 min;
(2) uniformly mixing honeysuckle, gynostemma pentaphylla and the Chinese medicine residues in the step (1), and carrying out superfine grinding in a superfine grinder to obtain Chinese medicine powder; the frequency of the superfine grinding is 15Hz, the wind speed is 1.2m/s, the time is 15min, and the superfine grinding is carried out until the granularity of the material is 8 mu m;
(3) uniformly mixing the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the step (1) and the Chinese herbal medicine powder in the step (2), sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure, adding the compound microbial agent, uniformly stirring, then sending into a fermentation room for fermentation treatment, and drying to prepare the feed additive; the pressure of the high-temperature high-pressure sterilization is 0.3Mpa, the temperature is 121 ℃, and the time is 20 min; the temperature of the fermentation treatment is 42 ℃, and the time is 7 h.
The application of the feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout prepared by the preparation method is characterized in that: the prepared feed additive is applied to the disease prevention and treatment of the rainbow trout in the breeding process so as to improve the disease resistance of the rainbow trout.
Example 2
A feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of hairyvein agrimonia herb and bud, 60 parts of aristolochia debilis, 60 parts of semen lepidii, 55 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 55 parts of epimedium herb, 55 parts of tuber fleeceflower stem, 50 parts of polyporus, 35 parts of dutchmanspipe root, 25 parts of parasitic loranthus, 20 parts of epimedium herb, 20 parts of human placenta, 15 parts of dipsacus root, 10 parts of honeysuckle flower, 40 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 20 parts of fritillaria and 40 parts of compound microbial agent.
Further, the compound microbial agent is saccharomycete, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus.
A preparation method of a feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing hairyvein agrimony, dutchmanspipe fruit, semen lepidii, humifuse euphorbia herb, herba epimedii, tuber fleeceflower stem, polyporus umbellatus, dutchmanspipe root, parasitic loranthus, epimedium herb, human placenta, dipsacus root and fritillaria, cleaning, draining, crushing to pass through a 250-mesh sieve, adding drinking water 30 times of the weight of the hairyvein agrimony, decocting for 6 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, adding drinking water 23 times of the weight of the hairyvein agrimony into filter residues, continuously decocting for two times, and combining the three filtrates to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution and Chinese medicine residues; the ultrasonic treatment frequency is 0.2Mpa, the power is 350W, and the time is 15 min;
(2) uniformly mixing honeysuckle, gynostemma pentaphylla and the Chinese medicine residues in the step (1), and carrying out superfine grinding in a superfine grinder to obtain Chinese medicine powder; the frequency of the superfine grinding is 20Hz, the wind speed is 1.4m/s, the time is 20min, and the superfine grinding is carried out until the granularity of the material is 10 mu m;
(3) uniformly mixing the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the step (1) and the Chinese herbal medicine powder in the step (2), sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure, adding the compound microbial agent, uniformly stirring, then sending into a fermentation room for fermentation treatment, and drying to prepare the feed additive; the pressure of the high-temperature high-pressure sterilization is 0.5Mpa, the temperature is 123 ℃, and the time is 25 min; the temperature of the fermentation treatment is 44 ℃, and the time is 7.5 h.
The application of the feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout prepared by the preparation method is characterized in that: the prepared feed additive is applied to the disease prevention and treatment of the rainbow trout in the breeding process so as to improve the disease resistance of the rainbow trout.
Example 3
A feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58 parts of hairyvein agrimonia herb and bud, 53 parts of aristolochia debilis, 53 parts of semen lepidii, 47 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 48 parts of epimedium herb, 48 parts of tuber fleeceflower stem, 35 parts of polyporus, 28 parts of dutchmanspipe root, 18 parts of parasitic loranthus, 13 parts of epimedium herb, 12 parts of human placenta, 7 parts of dipsacus root, 3 parts of honeysuckle flower, 25 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 13 parts of fritillaria and 25 parts of compound microbial agent.
Further, the compound microbial agent is lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus.
A preparation method of a feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing hairyvein agrimony, dutchmanspipe fruit, semen lepidii, humifuse euphorbia herb, herba epimedii, tuber fleeceflower stem, polyporus umbellatus, dutchmanspipe root, parasitic loranthus, epimedium herb, human placenta, dipsacus root and fritillaria, cleaning, draining, crushing to 220 meshes, adding drinking water with the weight 26 times that of the hairyvein agrimony, decocting for 5.3 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, adding drinking water with the weight 21 times that of the hairyvein agrimony into filter residues, continuing to decoct for two times, and combining the three filtrates to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution and Chinese medicine residues; the ultrasonic treatment frequency is 0.12Mpa, the power is 320W, and the time is 12 min;
(2) uniformly mixing honeysuckle, gynostemma pentaphylla and the Chinese medicine residues in the step (1), and carrying out superfine grinding in a superfine grinder to obtain Chinese medicine powder; the frequency of the superfine grinding is 16Hz, the wind speed is 1.25m/s, the time is 16min, and the superfine grinding is carried out until the granularity of the material is 8.5 mu m;
(3) uniformly mixing the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the step (1) and the Chinese herbal medicine powder in the step (2), sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure, adding the compound microbial agent, uniformly stirring, then sending into a fermentation room for fermentation treatment, and drying to prepare the feed additive; the pressure of the high-temperature high-pressure sterilization is 0.35Mpa, the temperature is 121 ℃, and the time is 22 min; the temperature of the fermentation treatment is 42 ℃, and the time is 7.1 h.
The application of the feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout prepared by the preparation method is characterized in that: the prepared feed additive is applied to the disease prevention and treatment of the rainbow trout in the breeding process so as to improve the disease resistance of the rainbow trout.
Example 4
A feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 62 parts of hairyvein agrimonia herb and bud, 58 parts of aristolochia debilis, 57 parts of semen lepidii, 52 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 53 parts of epimedium herb, 53 parts of tuber fleeceflower stem, 45 parts of polyporus, 33 parts of dutchmanspipe root, 23 parts of parasitic loranthus, 18 parts of epimedium herb, 17 parts of human placenta, 12 parts of dipsacus root, 8 parts of honeysuckle flower, 35 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 18 parts of fritillaria and 35 parts of compound microbial agent.
Further, the compound microbial agent is saccharomycete, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus.
A preparation method of a feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing hairyvein agrimony, dutchmanspipe fruit, semen lepidii, humifuse euphorbia herb, herba epimedii, tuber fleeceflower stem, polyporus umbellatus, dutchmanspipe root, parasitic loranthus, epimedium herb, human placenta, dipsacus root and fritillaria, cleaning, draining, crushing to 240 meshes, adding drinking water 29 times of the weight of the hairyvein agrimony, decocting for 5.8 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, adding drinking water 22 times of the weight of the hairyvein agrimony into filter residues, continuing to decoct, repeating the process twice, and combining the filtrates for three times to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution and Chinese medicine residues; the ultrasonic treatment frequency is 0.18Mpa, the power is 340W, and the time is 14 min;
(2) uniformly mixing honeysuckle, gynostemma pentaphylla and the Chinese medicine residues in the step (1), and carrying out superfine grinding in a superfine grinder to obtain Chinese medicine powder; the frequency of the superfine grinding is 19Hz, the wind speed is 1.35m/s, the time is 19min, and the superfine grinding is carried out until the granularity of the material is 9.5 mu m;
(3) uniformly mixing the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the step (1) and the Chinese herbal medicine powder in the step (2), sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure, adding the compound microbial agent, uniformly stirring, then sending into a fermentation room for fermentation treatment, and drying to prepare the feed additive; the pressure of the high-temperature high-pressure sterilization is 0.45Mpa, the temperature is 123 ℃, and the time is 24 min; the temperature of the fermentation treatment is 44 ℃, and the time is 7.4 h.
The application of the feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout prepared by the preparation method is characterized in that: the prepared feed additive is applied to the disease prevention and treatment of the rainbow trout in the breeding process so as to improve the disease resistance of the rainbow trout.
Example 5
A feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 55 parts of aristolochia debilis, 55 parts of semen lepidii, 50 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 50 parts of epimedium herb, 50 parts of tuber fleeceflower stem, 40 parts of polyporus, 30 parts of dutchmanspipe root, 20 parts of parasitic loranthus, 15 parts of epimedium herb, 15 parts of human placenta, 10 parts of dipsacus root, 5 parts of honeysuckle flower, 30 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 15 parts of fritillaria and 30 parts of compound microbial agent.
Further, the compound microbial agent is lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus.
A preparation method of a feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing hairyvein agrimony, dutchmanspipe fruit, semen lepidii, humifuse euphorbia herb, herba epimedii, tuber fleeceflower stem, polyporus umbellatus, dutchmanspipe root, parasitic loranthus, epimedium herb, human placenta, dipsacus root and fritillaria, cleaning, draining, crushing to 230 meshes, adding drinking water 28 times of the weight of hairyvein agrimony, decocting for 5.5h, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, adding drinking water 22 times of the weight of hairyvein agrimony into filter residues, continuing to decoct, repeating for two times, and combining the three filtrates to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution and Chinese medicine residues; the ultrasonic treatment frequency is 0.15Mpa, the power is 330W, and the time is 13 min;
(2) uniformly mixing honeysuckle, gynostemma pentaphylla and the Chinese medicine residues in the step (1), and carrying out superfine grinding in a superfine grinder to obtain Chinese medicine powder; the frequency of the superfine grinding is 18Hz, the wind speed is 1.3m/s, the time is 18min, and the superfine grinding is carried out until the granularity of the material is 9 mu m;
(3) uniformly mixing the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the step (1) and the Chinese herbal medicine powder in the step (2), sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure, adding the compound microbial agent, uniformly stirring, then sending into a fermentation room for fermentation treatment, and drying to prepare the feed additive; the pressure of the high-temperature high-pressure sterilization is 0.4Mpa, the temperature is 122 ℃, and the time is 23 min; the temperature of the fermentation treatment is 43 ℃, and the time is 7.3 h.
The application of the feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout prepared by the preparation method is characterized in that: the prepared feed additive is applied to the disease prevention and treatment of the rainbow trout in the breeding process so as to improve the disease resistance of the rainbow trout.
Comparative example 1
The preparation of the rainbow trout feed additive was carried out according to the method given in the examples of patent application CN 201710595784.0.
Comparative example 2
The preparation of the rainbow trout feed additive was carried out according to the method given in the examples of patent application CN 201611122660.2.
Comparative example 3
The preparation of the rainbow trout feed additive was carried out according to the method given in the examples of patent application CN 201711245458.3.
To further illustrate that the present invention can achieve the technical effects, the following experiments were performed:
the feed additives prepared by the methods of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3 are adopted to culture the rainbow trout, 100 rainbow trout are cultured in each group, and the morbidity and mortality of the rainbow trout cultured by the methods are recorded.
The experimental results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
| Group of | Incidence rate of rainbow trout | Mortality of rainbow trout |
| Example 1 | 10％ | 5％ |
| Example 2 | 8％ | 4％ |
| Example 3 | 9％ | 5％ |
| Example 4 | 9％ | 6％ |
| Example 5 | 7％ | 3％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 25％ | 20％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 28％ | 22％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 30％ | 25％ |
As can be seen from the experimental data in the table 1, compared with the prior art, the feed additive prepared by the method can improve the disease resistance of the rainbow trout and reduce the morbidity and mortality of the rainbow trout in cultivation.
In conclusion, the feed additive follows the principle that a Chinese veterinarian says that the vital qi exists in the body, the evil cannot dry, the evil is gathered, and the qi is deficient, so that the immunity of the fish body can be improved, the rainbow trout can effectively resist the interference of external factors, a self-defense disease-resistant system of the rainbow trout can be perfected, and the aims of preventing the disease before and after the disease is treated are fulfilled; the feed additive does not contain any chemical raw material, when the feed additive is used for improving the rainbow trout crater disease capacity, no chemical drugs such as antibiotics are needed to be added, the use of a large amount of antibiotics in the process of breeding rainbow trout is avoided, the environmental pollution is reduced, and because the Chinese herbal medicines have the advantages of nature, safety, mild and stable drug action, the morbidity and the mortality of the rainbow trout can be greatly reduced, and the bred rainbow trout meat is safer and has better quality.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. The feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 50-60 parts of aristolochia debilis, 50-60 parts of semen lepidii, 45-55 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 45-55 parts of herba epimedii, 45-55 parts of tuber fleeceflower stem, 30-50 parts of polyporus umbellatus, 25-35 parts of dutchmanspipe root, 15-25 parts of parasitic loranthus, 10-20 parts of epimedium herb, 10-20 parts of human placenta, 5-15 parts of dipsacus root, 1-10 parts of honeysuckle flower, 20-40 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum, 10-20 parts of fritillaria and 20-40 parts of composite microbial agent.
2. The feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58-62 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 53-58 parts of aristolochia debilis, 53-57 parts of semen lepidii, 47-52 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 48-53 parts of epimedium herb, 48-53 parts of tuber fleeceflower stem, 35-45 parts of polyporus umbellatus, 28-33 parts of dutchmanspipe root, 18-23 parts of parasitic loranthus, 13-18 parts of epimedium herb, 12-17 parts of human placenta, 7-12 parts of dipsacus root, 3-8 parts of honeysuckle flower, 25-35 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 13-18 parts of fritillary bulb and 25-35 parts of composite microbial agent.
3. The feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 55 parts of aristolochia debilis, 55 parts of semen lepidii, 50 parts of humifuse euphorbia herb, 50 parts of epimedium herb, 50 parts of tuber fleeceflower stem, 40 parts of polyporus, 30 parts of dutchmanspipe root, 20 parts of parasitic loranthus, 15 parts of epimedium herb, 15 parts of human placenta, 10 parts of dipsacus root, 5 parts of honeysuckle flower, 30 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 15 parts of fritillaria and 30 parts of compound microbial agent.
4. The feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the feed additive comprises: the compound microbial agent is three or more of lactobacillus, yeast, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus.
5. A preparation method of a feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing hairyvein agrimony, dutchmanspipe fruit, semen lepidii, humifuse euphorbia herb, herba epimedii, tuber fleeceflower stem, polyporus umbellatus, dutchmanspipe root, parasitic loranthus, epimedium herb, human placenta, dipsacus root and fritillaria, cleaning, draining, crushing, sieving with a 200-250 mesh sieve, adding drinking water 25-30 times of the weight of hairyvein agrimony, decocting for 5-6 h, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, adding drinking water 20-23 times of the weight of hairyvein agrimony into filter residues, continuously decocting for twice, and combining the filtrates for three times to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution and Chinese medicine residues;
(2) uniformly mixing honeysuckle, gynostemma pentaphylla and the Chinese medicine residues in the step (1), and carrying out superfine grinding in a superfine grinder to obtain Chinese medicine powder;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the step (1) and the Chinese herbal medicine powder in the step (2), sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure, adding the compound microbial agent, uniformly stirring, then sending into a fermentation room for fermentation treatment, and drying to obtain the feed additive.
6. The method for preparing the feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout according to claim 5, wherein the feed additive comprises: in the step (1), the frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 0.1-0.2 Mpa, the power is 300-350W, and the time is 10-15 min.
7. The method for preparing the feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout according to claim 5, wherein the feed additive comprises: in the step (2), the frequency of the superfine grinding is 15-20 Hz, the wind speed is 1.2-1.4 m/s, the time is 15-20 min, and the granularity of the ground material is 8-10 mu m.
8. The method for preparing the feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout according to claim 5, wherein the feed additive comprises: in the step (3), the high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization is carried out under the pressure of 0.3-0.5 Mpa and at the temperature of 121-123 ℃ for 20-25 min.
9. The method for preparing the feed additive for improving disease resistance of rainbow trout according to claim 5, wherein the feed additive comprises: in the step (3), the temperature of the fermentation treatment is 42-44 ℃, and the time is 7-7.5 h.
10. The application of the feed additive for improving the disease resistance of rainbow trout prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized in that: the prepared feed additive is applied to the disease prevention and treatment of the rainbow trout in the breeding process so as to improve the disease resistance of the rainbow trout.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113662105A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-19 | 佛山市顺德区旺海饲料实业有限公司 | Traditional Chinese medicine feed additive, micropterus salmoides feed containing additive and preparation method of micropterus salmoides feed |
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2020
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113662105A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-19 | 佛山市顺德区旺海饲料实业有限公司 | Traditional Chinese medicine feed additive, micropterus salmoides feed containing additive and preparation method of micropterus salmoides feed |
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Application publication date: 20200612 |
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