CN111264487B - Coating material, black soldier fly larva living body coating bait, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Coating material, black soldier fly larva living body coating bait, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K97/00—Accessories for angling
- A01K97/04—Containers for bait; Preparation of bait
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a coating material, a black soldier fly larva living body coating bait, a preparation method and application, and belongs to the technical field of industrial breeding bait application. The coating material provided by the invention comprises the following raw materials for preparation: defatted soybean powder, tussah moth powder, soybean oil, corn starch, multi-vitamin tablets, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and iron for veterinary use and xanthan gum. The nutrition components of the coating material are reasonably configured, and the live body coating bait for the black soldier fly larvae, prepared by the coating material, can meet the requirements of growth, development, oil production and propagation of Chinese wood frogs. The black soldier fly larva living body coated bait solves the problems of single type and unbalanced nutrition of live forest frog baits at present, greatly reduces the bait cost, artificially controls and balances the content of nutrient components required by forest frogs, ensures that the quality difference between the artificially cultured forest frog oil and the wild forest frog oil is not obvious, shortens the oil production period by 30 percent, and has important significance for realizing the industrialized scale culture technology of the forest frogs in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of application of industrial breeding baits, in particular to a coating material, a live black soldier fly larva coating bait, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The forest frog, also known as Chinese forest frog, commonly known as oviductus Ranae, is native to the deep mountain forest in northeast, and its oviduct (forest frog oil) is a health-care product with high value integrating medicinal, dietetic invigoration and face-beautifying functions, and its price is high, so that it can be used as treasure.
Because the Chinese wood frogs only eat live insects, adults and larvae of living animals such as yellow mealworms, flies, earthworms and the like must be cultured as baits in the full-artificial culture process, and the normal industrial culture of the Chinese wood frogs can be ensured, which is the key point of culture success and failure. However, the cultivation of adults and larvae of live animals is restricted by a plurality of objective factors, the live animals are easy to die after being soaked in water, and the live animals are only used as baits, so that the nutrition is single, the nutrition proportion is unbalanced, the growth and development of the Chinese wood frogs are seriously influenced, and the development of the wood frog cultivation industry is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coating material, a black soldier fly larva living body coating bait, a preparation method and an application.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a coating material which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of defatted soybean flour, 35-40 parts of tussah moth powder, 2.5-3.5 parts of soybean oil, 20-25 parts of corn starch, 0.05-0.15 part of multi-vitamin tablet, 0.5-1.5 parts of animal calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and iron fast-supplement and 1-3 parts of xanthan gum.
The invention also provides a black soldier fly larva living body coating bait, which comprises a black soldier fly larva living body and a coating wrapped on the surface of the black soldier fly larva living body; the coating raw material comprises the coating material in the scheme.
Preferably, the thickness of the coating is 0.1-1.5 mm.
Preferably, the black soldier fly larva living bodies comprise 2-5-year-old black soldier fly larva living bodies.
Preferably, the live hermetia illucens larvae must be washed and dried before use.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the black soldier fly larva living bodies to the coating is 1: 0.5 to 1.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the live body coating bait for the hermetia illucens larvae, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing and boiling a part of coating material and water at 95-100 ℃ for 5-8 min to obtain a coating solution with the concentration of 38-40 Baume degrees;
2) cleaning the black soldier fly larva living bodies with clear water, placing the black soldier fly larva living bodies on gauze, flatly paving and airing, and drying the body surfaces of the black soldier fly larvae to obtain the black soldier fly larva living bodies to be treated;
3) cooling the coating liquid to 15-25 ℃, immersing the living body of the black soldier fly larvae to be treated into the cooled coating liquid, taking out the living body of the black soldier fly larvae wrapped with the coating liquid, and standing to obtain coated larvae;
4) spreading the rest coating material on the surfaces of the coated larvae to obtain live body coating bait of the hermetia illucens larvae;
the weight ratio of the partial coating material to the residual coating material is 2: 1;
there is no chronological restriction between the step 1) and the step 2).
The invention also provides application of the live body coating bait for the hermetia illucens larvae in frog breeding.
Preferably, the frogs include wood frogs, frogs and bullfrogs.
Preferably, when the frogs are wood frogs, the black soldier fly larva living body coating bait for feeding the abnormal frogs takes 2-3-year-old black soldier fly larva living bodies as raw materials; the black soldier fly larva living body coating bait for feeding wood frogs growing for more than 2 years takes a 3-5-year-old black soldier fly larva living body as a raw material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a coating material, which comprises the following raw materials for preparation: defatted soybean powder, tussah moth powder, soybean oil, corn starch, multi-vitamin tablets, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and iron for veterinary use and xanthan gum. The nutrition components of the coating material are reasonably configured, and the live body coating bait for the black soldier fly larvae, prepared by the coating material, can meet the requirements of growth, development, oil production and propagation of the Chinese wood frogs. The coating material is water-soluble, can be used for preparing viscous liquid, and has the advantages of compatible components and adjustable viscosity. The invention also provides a black soldier fly larva living body coating bait, which comprises a black soldier fly larva living body and a coating wrapped on the surface of the black soldier fly larva living body. The black soldier fly larva living body has good water resistance (strong anti-anoxia capability), larva epidermis adhesiveness and feeding tropism of wood frog. The survival time of the live hermetia illucens larvae in water is over 6 hours, and the live hermetia illucens larvae have good movement activity under the coating anoxic condition; compared with the live black soldier fly larva body which is directly used as bait for breeding wood frogs, the live black soldier fly larva body coating bait is reduced in dosage by 1/3, the survival rate of the wood frogs in unit time is improved by 17%, the average weight of the wood frogs is improved by 9.3%, and the bait cost is reduced by 15% -25%. The black soldier fly larva living body coated bait solves the problems of single type and unbalanced nutrition of bait insects in the existing artificial breeding process of wood frogs, greatly reduces the cost of the bait, artificially controls and balances the content of nutritional ingredients required by the wood frogs, enables the quality of the wood frog oil artificially bred to be not remarkably different from that of wild wood frog oil, shortens the oil production period by 30 percent, and has important significance for realizing the industrialized scale breeding technology of the Chinese wood frogs.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a coating material which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of defatted soybean flour, 35-40 parts of tussah moth powder, 2.5-3.5 parts of soybean oil, 20-25 parts of corn starch, 0.05-0.15 part of multi-vitamin tablet, 0.5-1.5 parts of animal calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and iron fast-supplement and 1-3 parts of xanthan gum; preferably, the coating material comprises the following raw materials for preparation in parts by weight: the feed comprises 32 parts of defatted soybean flour, 38 parts of tussah moth powder, 3 parts of soybean oil, 22 parts of corn starch, 0.1 part of multi-dimensional element tablets, 1 part of animal quick-supplementing calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and iron and 2 parts of xanthan gum, wherein the components are combined into complete formula feed such as plant protein, heterogeneous insect protein, fat, starch, multi-dimensional substances and the like, and the feed provides nutrition guarantee for growth and propagation of wood frogs.
In the present invention, the defatted soybean powder, tussah moth powder and corn starch are preferably sieved with a 40-mesh sieve.
In the invention, the defatted soybean flour, the tussah moth powder, the soybean oil, the corn starch, the multi-vitamin tablets, the veterinary fast calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and iron and the xanthan gum are from conventional markets; in the specific implementation process of the invention, the multi-dimensional element tablet is purchased from Anhui Jinhui pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; the calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and iron rapid supplement for animals is purchased from Daqingbo deep biological technology limited; the xanthan gum is purchased from Shenzhen Shenzhou Xingmu bioengineering GmbH; the tussah moth powder is provided by the scientific research institute of silkworm industry in Jilin province.
In the present invention, the xanthan gum is used as a food thickener.
The invention also provides a black soldier fly larva living body coating bait, which comprises a black soldier fly larva living body and a coating wrapped on the surface of the black soldier fly larva living body; the coating raw material comprises the coating material in the scheme.
In the invention, the black soldier fly larva living body has good water resistance (anti-anoxia capability), larva epidermis adhesiveness and feeding tropism of wood frogs.
In the invention, the thickness of the coating is preferably 0.1-1.5 mm, and more preferably 0.5-1 mm; the black soldier fly larva living bodies preferably comprise 2-5-year black soldier fly larva living bodies, more preferably 2-3-year black soldier fly larva living bodies or 3-5-year black soldier fly larva living bodies, and when the skin of the black soldier fly larva becomes dark and black and enters the early stage of prepupa, the activity is weakened and the black soldier fly larva can not be used any more; the black soldier fly larva living body coating bait prepared by taking 2-3-year black soldier fly larva living bodies as raw materials is suitable for feeding metamorphosis young frogs, and the black soldier fly larva living body coating bait prepared by taking 3-5-year black soldier fly larva living bodies as raw materials is suitable for feeding frogs of more than 2 years.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the live hermetia illucens larvae to the coating is preferably 1: 0.5 to 1, more preferably 1: 0.8; the time for the coating to fall off is more than 6 hours; the coating comprises the following nutritional ingredients in percentage by mass: 60 to 75 percent of protein, 2 to 4 percent of fat, 10 to 20 percent of starch, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of trace elements and 0.02 to 0.10 percent of B vitamins.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the live body coating bait for the hermetia illucens larvae, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing and boiling a part of coating material and water at 95-100 ℃ for 5-8 min to obtain a coating solution with the concentration of 38-40 Baume degrees;
2) cleaning the black soldier fly larva living bodies with clear water, placing the black soldier fly larva living bodies on gauze, flatly paving and airing, and drying the body surfaces of the black soldier fly larvae to obtain the black soldier fly larva living bodies to be treated;
3) cooling the coating liquid to 15-25 ℃, immersing the living body of the black soldier fly larvae to be treated into the cooled coating liquid, taking out the living body of the black soldier fly larvae wrapped with the coating liquid, and standing to obtain coated larvae;
4) spreading the rest coating material on the surfaces of the coated larvae to obtain the live black soldier fly coating bait;
the weight ratio of the partial coating material to the residual coating material is 2: 1;
there is no chronological restriction between the step 1) and the step 2).
Firstly, mixing and boiling a part of coating material and water at 95-100 ℃ for 5-8 min to obtain a coating solution with the concentration of 38-40 Baume degrees; the concentration can ensure the adhesion of the coating liquid on the body surface of the larva, and meanwhile, the motility of the larva is not influenced by overlarge concentration.
The method comprises the steps of cleaning the black soldier fly larva living bodies with clear water, placing the black soldier fly larva living bodies on gauze, flatly paving the gauze, airing the gauze, and drying the body surfaces of the black soldier fly larvae until the body surfaces of the black soldier fly larvae are dried to obtain the black soldier fly larva living bodies to be treated.
After the coating liquid is obtained, cooling the coating liquid to 15-25 ℃, immersing the living black soldier fly larvae to be treated into the cooled coating liquid, taking out the living black soldier fly larvae wrapped with the coating liquid, and standing to obtain coated larvae; the preferred heisui river horsefly larva living bodies wrapped with the coating liquid are uniformly scattered on the operating platform in the standing process.
After the coated larvae are obtained, the residual coating materials are spread on the surfaces of the coated larvae to obtain the live body coating bait of the black soldier fly larvae; in the specific implementation process of the invention, the residual coating materials are uniformly spread on the surfaces of the coated larvae, so that the insects are separated from the larvae, and the dispersion and creeping of the black soldier fly larvae are facilitated.
The invention also provides application of the live body coating bait for the hermetia illucens larvae in frog breeding; the frogs preferably include wood frogs, frogs and bullfrogs.
In the application process, the feeding time of the black soldier fly larva living body coating bait is based on the conventional feeding time of frog breeding.
In the invention, when the frogs are wood frogs, the feeding time of the live black soldier fly larva coating bait is preferably 9: 00-10: 00; the feeding amount of the black soldier fly larva living body coating bait is based on the conventional feeding amount in the field; the black soldier fly larva living body coating bait is uniformly spread on a bait table, and the larva bodies are not overlapped; the area of the bait platform is 2-3 times larger than the feeding area, and the bait platform is cleaned before feeding.
In the invention, when the frogs are frogs, the bait feeding method is the same as that of the wood frogs.
In the invention, when the frogs are bullfrogs, the baits are placed on the bait platforms on the bank sides of the bullfrog feeding pool in small piles, and the small piles are not required to be tiled, and each small pile of the baits is preferably 5-10 g. Other operations are in accordance with the bullfrog breeding operation rules.
In the invention, the 2-3-year black soldier fly larvae live body coating bait is fed to the frogs after metamorphosis; the wood frogs growing for more than 2 years are fed with the live black soldier fly larvae coating bait of 3-5 years old.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1 comparison of Water resistance of Wood frog larva baits
1. Materials: 100 yellow meal worms with 3-4 years old, 100 black soldier fly larvae with 3-4 years old, 100 fly maggots with 3-4 years old, 100 earthworms with 1 year old, 10L normal temperature mineral water, a timer, 4 beakers with 2.5L, 4 strainer with 40 meshes and a plurality of white paper boards (30 multiplied by 30 cm).
Material sources are as follows: jilin province silkworm scientific research institute.
2. The method comprises the following steps: 2L mineral water is poured into the 4 beakers respectively, and the four experimental insects are simultaneously poured into different beakers respectively to start timing. When the experimental insects were observed to die in water to 10 (10%), the time was recorded and taken out with a strainer and placed on a white cardboard for confirmation.
3. The results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 Water resistance comparison of Wood frog larva baits
| Species of | Quantity (head/strip) | Immersion time (h) | Mortality (%) |
| Yellow mealworm | 100 | 1.5 | 10 |
| Black soldier fly | 100 | 6～36 | 0 |
| Fly maggot | 100 | 6～36 | 0 |
| Earthworm | 100 | 6～36 | 10 |
4. Analysis of results
As can be seen from Table 1, the mortality rate of the tenebrio molitor larvae after being soaked in water for 1.5 hours reaches 10%, and the larvae have hard skin and are not suitable for live bait coating. The survival time of the rest 3 materials in water exceeds 6h, and only the insect larvae which survive for more than six hours in a soaking experiment can have the motion activity under the condition of coating oxygen deficiency, so that the coating is suitable for live bait coating. By comprehensively evaluating the difficulty of insect source breeding, the anti-hypoxia capability, the coating cost, the feasibility and the like, the black soldier fly larvae are selected firstly. The hermetia illucens larvae are produced industrially and industrially all the year round, the source of the hermetia illucens is stable, the price is low, and the coating achieves the expected effect.
Example 2A Living body coating bait for Hermetia illucens larvae
1. The coating material comprises the following components: 300g of defatted soybean powder, 350g of tussah moth powder (leftovers of seed production), 30g of soybean oil, 200g of corn starch, 1g of multi-dimensional element tablet (Anhui Jinhui pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), 10g of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and iron rapid supplement (Daqingbo sheng biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and 20g of xanthan gum (food thickener, Shenzhen, Xingmu bioengineering Co., Ltd.).
2. Bait: 3-4-year-old black soldier fly larva living bodies.
3. The coating method comprises the following steps: fully and uniformly mixing the coating materials, dividing into 3 parts with the same amount, adding 2 parts of water, decocting at 100 ℃, controlling the concentration of the prepared coating liquid to be 38-40 Baume degrees (measured by using a Baume meter), cooling to 15-20 ℃, soaking the cleaned and dried 3-4-year black soldier fly larvae living bodies into the coating liquid, fully and uniformly mixing, fishing out by using a wire strainer, uniformly distributing on a wood frog bait table, and uniformly spreading the rest 1 part of coating material on the surface of the body coating to separate insects from worms, thereby facilitating dispersion and peristalsis.
Example 3 the effect of the black soldier fly larva living body coated bait prepared in example 2 is compared with the effect of the 3-4-year black soldier fly larva living body fed forest frog
1. Materials:
(1) the test cell was 2, 30 square meters per cell and closed with a 20 mesh nylon mesh. The degree of closure in the residential area is 80%, facilities such as a water pool, a feeding table and the like are arranged, and the two residential areas are adjacent. The experimental site: jilin province institute of agricultural products. Experiment time: 2016.5-2018.7.
(2) 100 wood frogs are grown in 2 years per area, the total number of the wood frogs is 200, the male and female are unlimited (random), and the wood frogs are required to be healthy, free from diseases and uniform in weight. Wood frog producing area: a Wulin countryside hong Yuan pasture in flood city of Jilin province.
(3) Test bait: the black soldier fly larva living body coating bait prepared in the embodiment 2 and a 3-4-year black soldier fly larva living body; 300g of black soldier fly larva living body coating bait prepared in example 2, wherein 200g of 3-4-instar black soldier fly larva living body + 100g of coating bait) is per day; 300g (living black soldier fly larvae of 3-4 years old) per day in the second district. The source of the hermetia illucens is as follows: jilin province institute of agricultural products.
(4) One balance with the range of 500g and the precision of 0.01 is weighed.
2. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) the first and second areas are arranged to meet the requirements of the wood frog feeding standard.
(2) 100 wood frogs growing 2 years are selected in each area and weighed, and after the average weight is calculated, the wood frogs are respectively placed in the first area and the second area.
(3) The wood frogs enter an experimental area, are adapted for 24 hours, are timed, are fed regularly every day and are fed regularly. The 2 experimental zones were identical except for the different baits.
(4) And (4) stopping feeding for 60 days, counting the number of live frogs in each area, calculating the survival rate, weighing the average weight and calculating the average weight gain rate.
3. The results of the experiments are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2 comparison results of the effect of the black soldier fly larva living body coated bait prepared in example 2 and the effect of the 3-4-year black soldier fly larva living body bred wood frogs
4. And (4) analyzing results: through the observation result of 100 wood frogs which are fed in the first area and the second area for 60 days, the feeding result in the first area is good all the time, and the average weight gain reaches 47.9%; the feeding performance of the first 40 days in the second area is not obviously different from that of the first area, the death rate is increased rapidly within 20 to 60 days, the weight is increased by 38.6 percent on average, and the weight gain effect and the survival rate of the first area are far better than those of the second area.
In conclusion, the bait larva consumption in the first area is reduced by 1/3 compared with that in the second area, the survival rate of the wood frogs is improved by 17 percent, the average body weight is improved by 9.3 percent, and the bait cost is reduced by 15 to 25 percent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A black soldier fly larva living body coating bait comprises a black soldier fly larva living body and a coating wrapped on the surface of the black soldier fly larva living body; the coating comprises the following raw materials for preparation in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of defatted soybean flour, 35-40 parts of tussah moth powder, 2.5-3.5 parts of soybean oil, 20-25 parts of corn starch, 0.05-0.15 part of multi-vitamin tablet, 0.5-1.5 parts of animal calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and iron fast-supplement and 1-3 parts of xanthan gum;
the preparation method of the black soldier fly larva living body coating bait comprises the following steps:
1) mixing and boiling a part of coating material and water at 95-100 ℃ for 5-8 min to obtain a coating solution with the concentration of 38-40 Baume degrees;
2) cleaning the black soldier fly larva living bodies with clear water, placing the black soldier fly larva living bodies on gauze, flatly paving and airing, and drying the body surfaces of the black soldier fly larvae to obtain the black soldier fly larva living bodies to be treated;
3) cooling the coating liquid to 15-25 ℃, immersing the living body of the black soldier fly larvae to be treated into the cooled coating liquid, taking out the living body of the black soldier fly larvae wrapped with the coating liquid, and standing to obtain coated larvae;
4) spreading the rest coating material on the surfaces of the coated larvae to obtain live body coating bait of the hermetia illucens larvae;
the weight ratio of the partial coating material to the residual coating material is 2: 1;
there is no chronological restriction between the step 1) and the step 2).
2. The live black soldier fly larva coating bait according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the coating is 0.1-1.5 mm.
3. The black soldier fly larva living body coating bait according to claim 1, wherein the black soldier fly larva living body comprises a 2-5-year-old black soldier fly larva living body.
4. The live black soldier fly larva coating bait according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the live black soldier fly larva to the coating is 1: 0.5 to 1.
5. Use of the live black soldier fly larva coating bait according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in frog farming.
6. The use of claim 5, wherein the frogs include wood frogs, frogs and bullfrogs.
7. The use of claim 6, wherein when the frog is a wood frog, the black soldier fly living body coating bait for feeding the abnormal frogs is prepared from 2-3 years old black soldier fly larvae; the black soldier fly living body coating bait for feeding wood frogs growing for more than 2 years takes a black soldier fly larva living body with the age of 3-5 as a raw material.
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