CN111257138A - Experimental device and method for simulating underground rock burst process - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for simulating underground rock burst process Download PDFInfo
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- CN111257138A CN111257138A CN202010305263.9A CN202010305263A CN111257138A CN 111257138 A CN111257138 A CN 111257138A CN 202010305263 A CN202010305263 A CN 202010305263A CN 111257138 A CN111257138 A CN 111257138A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
- G01N2203/0208—Specific programs of loading, e.g. incremental loading or pre-loading
Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental device and method for simulating an underground rock burst process. The device consists of a frame 1, a speed regulating motor 8, a rock breaking drilling pressure mechanism, a beam lifting mechanism, a pressure barrel 16, a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder 21 and a computer 22, wherein the rock breaking drilling pressure mechanism comprises a drill rod 4, a pressure sensor 3, a torque sensor 2 and a drill bit 5; the walking beam lifting mechanism comprises a walking beam 13 and gears at two ends of the walking beam, and the gears are connected with inner rails of upright columns at two ends of the rack; the pressure barrel 16 is fixed to the walking beam. The method comprises the following steps: injecting gypsum into the barrel, covering prefabricated anhydrite on the surface of the barrel after solidification, injecting gypsum again, and fixing the pressure barrel on the walking beam after solidification; the motor drives the drill bit to rotate, the beam lifting mechanism moves downwards, and the drill bit enters the pressure barrel to crush gypsum; when the strength of the gypsum is not enough to resist high-pressure gas, the gypsum is extruded by the high-pressure gas in the pressure barrel to generate rock burst. The invention has reliable principle and simple and convenient operation, and solves the problem of difficult simulation of the existing gas drilling rockburst experiment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device and method for simulating an underground rock burst process in the field of petroleum and natural gas engineering gas drilling, which are used for researching the physical law of rock burst generation in the drilling process.
Background
The gas drilling rock burst means that the pressure in a stratum fracture in a local area is greater than the pressure in a shaft, when a certain distance exists between the fracture and the shaft bottom, high-pressure gas in the fracture cannot be obviously decompressed through a rock wall due to the extremely low permeability of the rock wall between the fracture and the shaft bottom, and therefore high pressure (original stratum pressure) is still trapped in the fracture; when the well casing is close enough to the crack, the strength of the rock wall between the crack and the well casing is not enough to resist the destructive force formed by high pressure difference, the rock wall is cracked and broken instantly, a large amount of collapse fragments and released high-pressure gas are injected into the well. I.e., after the formation of a drilled well in a highly geostressed area, a sudden, violent brittle failure form occurs in a relatively short period of time due to stress redistribution and stress concentration in the well wall and surrounding rock around the bottom of the well. The broken rock is ejected from the wall surface of the well hole or a large amount of rock is broken out, so that strong air waves or shock waves are generated, and the broken rock is sudden in occurrence time, random in space and poor in destroying property. Rock burst occurs with two conditions: high ground stress and high strength brittle surrounding rock. From the energy point of view, the rock burst is a dynamic local instability phenomenon which is caused by the sudden and rapid release of the originally stored elastic strain energy in the surrounding rock and the phenomena of high-speed block collapse and even ejection and throwing. If the rock burst phenomenon occurs in the drilling process, serious underground accidents can occur, and great loss is brought to the drilling engineering.
At present, gas drilling is widely applied at home and abroad, and has the advantages of effectively improving the mechanical drilling speed, preventing the serious leakage of stratum, protecting oil and gas reservoirs and the like. And therefore are increasingly being used in the oil industry. Therefore, it is necessary to research the basic theory of gas drilling rock burst, clarify the generation mechanism and generation process, and provide corresponding prevention and anti-blocking measures on the basis, which has important practical guiding significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental device for simulating an underground rock burst process, which has the advantages of reliable principle and simple and convenient operation, realizes full automation of the experimental measurement process, and effectively solves the problem of difficult simulation of the rock burst experiment of the existing gas drilling.
The invention also aims to provide a method for simulating the process of the underground rock burst by using the device, which not only tests the influence of the inclination angle of the formation fracture on the rock burst in the gas drilling process, but also can test the relevant properties of the rock burst of the drill bit under the conditions of different drilling pressures, rotating speeds and different fracture pore pressures by simulating the process of the underground rock burst, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of the test result.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
An experimental device for simulating an underground rock burst process comprises a rack, a driving device arranged in the rack, a rock breaking drilling pressure device, a measuring mechanism for the rock breaking drilling pressure of a micro drill bit and a pressure barrel.
The driving device is a speed regulating motor.
The rock breaking drilling pressure device comprises a drill rod and a micro drill bit, one end of the drill rod is connected with an output shaft of the speed regulating motor, and the other end of the drill rod is connected with the micro drill bit.
The measuring mechanism for the rock breaking and drilling pressure of the micro drill bit comprises a pressure sensor, a torque sensor and a walking beam lifting mechanism which are arranged on a drill rod; the walking beam lifting mechanism is provided with a displacement sensor, and the micro drill bit is used for crushing gypsum through the descending of the walking beam.
The pressure barrel is characterized in that a screw hole for fixing the barrel body is formed in the bottom of the pressure barrel, the barrel cover is respectively provided with a pressure overload limiter, an air inlet pipe, an air inlet valve and a pressure gauge which are matched with the air inlet pipe, and an air outlet pipe, a pressure release valve and a blowout preventer which are matched with the air outlet pipe are respectively arranged at the barrel bottom.
Preferably, a brake is further arranged on an output shaft of the speed regulating motor, and emergency braking is performed to avoid experimental accidents.
Preferably, the two ends of the beam lifting mechanism are respectively connected with the inner rails of the stand columns of the rack by gears.
Preferably, a displacement sensor is arranged in the walking beam lifting mechanism, and the displacement speed of the walking beam is controlled in a feedback mode.
Preferably, the displacement limiter is arranged on the inner side of the stand column of the frame, so that overload damage of the pressure sensor and the torque sensor is prevented.
Preferably, the pressure barrel is provided with a blowout preventer, so that high-pressure mixture in the pressure barrel is prevented from being sprayed after rock burst occurs, and the safety and the cleanness of an instrument are ensured. And meanwhile, an exhaust valve is also arranged, so that high-pressure substances in the barrel can be safely exhausted.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
mixing gypsum powder and water, pouring the gypsum powder into a pressure barrel, placing the pressure barrel according to a preset inclination angle, after the gypsum is solidified, covering the prefabricated anhydrite on the surface, pouring upper-layer gypsum, fixing a barrel cover to a barrel body after the gypsum is completely solidified, placing the pressure barrel on a walking beam, and fixing the pressure barrel through a screw hole at the bottom of the barrel. The drill rod is connected with a speed regulating motor so as to drive the micro drill bit to rotate. The walking beam lifting mechanism drives the pressure barrel to descend and keep a certain load, so that the micro drill bit penetrates through the walking beam and the center hole of the pressure barrel to contact and drill in gypsum, and the gypsum is crushed. The air inflow is controlled by a computer, and high-pressure gas is input from an air inlet pipe. When the barrel reaches the preset pressure, the air inlet valve is closed. The micro-drill bit is placed upside down under the pressure barrel to form the condition of repeated crushing. After the rock bursts, the micro drill bit loses pressure instantly, the blowout preventer works immediately, and high-pressure substances in the pressure barrel are controlled. And testing by a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a torque sensor, and obtaining the influence relation of rock burst, the bit pressure and the rotating speed by changing different bit pressures and rotating speeds. And obtaining the rock burst property under different stratum inclination angles by setting different inclination angles. By varying the pressure in the pressure barrel, differences in rock bursts under different formation pressure conditions are simulated, as well as the inherent link between properties.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) evaluating the influence relation of rock burst, rotation speed and bit pressure through a test instrument and an experimental method of rock burst in gas drilling, simulating rock burst conditions when a drill bit drills into different stratum fracture inclined planes, and simulating rock burst performance under different stratum fracture pressure conditions through adjusting pressure in a barrel;
(2) the drilling time, the drilling depth and the torque can be tested through a pressure sensor, a torque sensor and a displacement sensor, and the relation between the rock burst and the drilling pressure and the rotating speed of the drill bit is obtained by changing the drilling pressure and the rotating speed through a speed regulating motor and a walking beam lifting mechanism;
(3) by designing the pressure barrel, the gypsum rock is used as the stratum rock, so that the simulation of rock burst of different inclined planes in the well and the test of rock burst under different stratum pressure conditions are realized;
(4) the rock is contacted with the micro drill bit through the moving of the walking beam, the influence on the experimental precision caused by the eccentric motion of the micro drill bit due to the overlong drill column is avoided, and meanwhile, the micro drill bit is placed upside down under the pressure barrel, so that the broken rock scraps are separated by gravity, and the repeated breaking condition is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for simulating a downhole rockburst process.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the pressure barrel.
In the figure: 1-a frame, 2-a torque sensor, 3-a pressure sensor, 4-a drill rod, 5-a drill bit, 6-a displacement sensor, 7-a sealing washer, 8-a speed regulating motor, 9-a brake, 10-a displacement limiter, 11-a blowout preventer, 12-an exhaust valve, 13-a walking beam, 14-gypsum, 15-prefabricated anhydrite, 16-a pressure barrel, 17-a pressure gauge, 18-an air inlet valve, 19-an air inlet pipe, 20-a pressure overload limiter, 21-a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder and 22-a computer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples in order to facilitate the understanding of the invention by a person skilled in the art. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in scope to the specific embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
See fig. 1, 2.
An experimental device for simulating an underground rock burst process comprises a rack 1, a speed regulating motor 8, a rock breaking drilling pressure mechanism, a beam lifting mechanism, a pressure barrel 16, a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder 21 and a computer 22, wherein the rock breaking drilling pressure mechanism comprises a drill rod 4, a pressure sensor 3, a torque sensor 2 and a drill bit 5, one end of the drill rod 4 is connected with an output shaft of the speed regulating motor 8 arranged in the rack 1, the pressure sensor 3 and the torque sensor 2 are arranged on the drill rod, and the other end of the drill rod is connected with the drill bit 5; the walking beam lifting mechanism comprises a walking beam 13 and gears at two ends of the walking beam, the gears are connected with inner rails of upright columns at two ends of the rack, the gears slide on the inner rails of the upright columns to drive the walking beam to move up and down in the rack, the walking beam is connected with a displacement sensor 6, and the upright columns of the rack are provided with displacement limiters 10; the barrel cover of the pressure barrel 16 is provided with an air inlet pipe 19 and a pressure overload limiter 20, the air inlet pipe is provided with a pressure gauge 17 and an air inlet valve 18, and the air inlet valve is connected with a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder 21; the bottom of the pressure barrel is provided with a central opening; the pressure barrel is fixed on the walking beam, a preformed hole is formed in the middle of the walking beam and corresponds to a central opening of the bottom of the pressure barrel, and a sealing gasket 7 is arranged between the preformed hole and the central opening; the torque sensor, the pressure sensor, the displacement sensor and the pressure gauge are all connected with the computer 22, and the computer controls the program to run and output data.
And a brake 9 is also arranged on the output shaft of the speed regulating motor.
The pressure barrel is also provided with a blowout preventer 11 and an exhaust valve 12.
The diameter of the preformed hole and the diameter of the central opening are slightly larger than the outer diameter of the micro-drill, and the micro-drill is enabled to extend into the pressure barrel along with the downward movement of the walking beam.
According to the invention, gypsum 14 is filled at the bottom of the pressure barrel 16, after the gypsum is solidified, prefabricated anhydrite 15 with holes is covered on the surface, and then the gypsum is added again, and after the upper layer gypsum is completely solidified, the stratum crack is simulated.
The method for simulating the underground rock burst process by using the device sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) inclining the pressure barrel according to a designed inclination angle, injecting gypsum into the barrel, covering prefabricated anhydrite on the surface of the gypsum after the gypsum is injected to a certain depth and is solidified, injecting the gypsum to a certain thickness again, covering a barrel cover after the gypsum is solidified at a certain inclination angle, and placing and fixing the pressure barrel on the walking beam;
(2) high-pressure gas is added through the gas inlet pipe, the gas inlet valve is closed after the pressure in the pressure barrel reaches a preset pressure, the speed regulating motor drives the drill bit to rotate, the walking beam lifting mechanism drives the pressure barrel to move downwards, and the drill bit penetrates through a preformed hole in the middle of the walking beam and enters the pressure barrel to crush gypsum;
(3) with the increase of the depth of the broken gypsum of the drill bit, when the strength of the gypsum is not enough to resist the high-pressure gas in the barrel, the high-pressure gas in the pressurized barrel extrudes to generate rock burst;
(4) by setting different drilling pressures and rotating speeds, controlling the pressures in different barrels and designing different gypsum inclination angles, rock burst characteristics under different drilling pressures and rotating speeds and rock burst properties under different drilling pressures and crack inclination angles are obtained, and therefore the rock burst phenomenon and law of gas drilling are researched.
Through the rock burst experiment, other fixed experimental attributes and the single attribute of the experimental equipment are changed, so that different influences of respective conditions of the experimental equipment on the rock burst can be obtained, and the concrete operation is as follows:
through displacement sensor, pressure sensor, torque sensor and microbit, fixed gypsum inclination and pressure in the pressure bucket barrel change different weight-on-bit and rotational speed, obtain the rock burst and the influence relation of drill bit weight-on-bit, rotational speed.
Rock burst properties under different stratum inclination angles are obtained by setting different inclination angles for gypsum in the pressure barrel and simultaneously fixing the rotating speed and the bit pressure of the drill bit and the barrel internal pressure of the pressure barrel.
And by setting the pressure in the pressure barrel and simultaneously fixing the rotating speed, the bit pressure and the gypsum inclination angle of the drill bit, the internal relation of the rock burst under different formation pressure conditions is obtained.
The control system of the invention is a computer which controls the loading mechanism through special programming software to obtain real-time drilling depth, drilling pressure and torque parameters of the drill bit, and the experiment is stopped when the rock burst occurs. Furthermore, the loading mechanism can also be controlled manually.
Claims (6)
1. An experimental device for simulating an underground rock burst process comprises a rack (1), a speed regulating motor (8), a rock breaking drilling pressure mechanism, a beam lifting mechanism, a pressure barrel (16), a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder (21) and a computer (22), wherein the rock breaking drilling pressure mechanism comprises a drill rod (4), a pressure sensor (3), a torque sensor (2) and a drill bit (5), one end of the drill rod (4) is connected with an output shaft of the speed regulating motor (8) arranged in the rack (1), the drill rod is provided with the pressure sensor (3) and the torque sensor (2), and the other end of the drill rod is connected with the drill bit (5); the walking beam lifting mechanism comprises a walking beam (13) and gears at two ends of the walking beam, the gears are connected with inner rails of upright columns at two ends of the rack, the gears slide on the inner rails of the upright columns to drive the walking beam to move up and down in the rack, the walking beam is connected with a displacement sensor (6), and the upright columns of the rack are provided with displacement limiters (10); a barrel cover of the pressure barrel (16) is provided with an air inlet pipe (19) and a pressure overload limiter (20), the air inlet pipe is provided with a pressure gauge (17) and an air inlet valve (18), and the air inlet valve is connected with a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder (21); the bottom of the pressure barrel is provided with a central opening; the pressure barrel is fixed on the walking beam, a preformed hole is formed in the middle of the walking beam and corresponds to a central opening of the bottom of the pressure barrel, and a sealing gasket (7) is arranged between the preformed hole and the central opening; the torque sensor, the pressure sensor, the displacement sensor and the pressure gauge are all connected with a computer (22).
2. An experimental apparatus for simulating a rock burst process in a well according to claim 1, wherein a brake (9) is provided on an output shaft of the adjustable speed motor.
3. A test rig for simulating a rock burst process downhole as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pressure tank is provided with a blow out preventer (11) and an exhaust valve (12).
4. The experimental device for simulating the rock burst process in the well as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the preformed hole and the central opening is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the drill bit, and the drill bit is enabled to extend into the pressure barrel along with the downward movement of the walking beam.
5. The experimental device for simulating the rock burst process in the well as claimed in claim 1, wherein gypsum is filled in the bottom of the pressure barrel, after the gypsum is solidified, prefabricated anhydrite with holes left on the surface is covered, then the gypsum is added again, and after the upper layer of gypsum is completely solidified, stratum cracks are simulated.
6. A method of simulating a process of a rock burst downhole using the apparatus of claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, comprising the steps of, in order:
(1) inclining the pressure barrel according to a designed inclination angle, injecting gypsum into the barrel, covering prefabricated anhydrite on the surface of the gypsum after the gypsum is injected to a certain depth and solidified, injecting the gypsum to a certain thickness again, covering a barrel cover after the gypsum is solidified, and fixing the pressure barrel on the walking beam;
(2) high-pressure gas is added through the gas inlet pipe, the gas inlet valve is closed after the pressure in the pressure barrel reaches a preset pressure, the speed regulating motor drives the drill bit to rotate, the walking beam lifting mechanism drives the pressure barrel to move downwards, and the drill bit penetrates through a preformed hole in the middle of the walking beam and enters the pressure barrel to crush gypsum;
(3) with the increase of the depth of the broken gypsum of the drill bit, when the strength of the gypsum is not enough to resist the high-pressure gas in the barrel, the high-pressure gas in the pressurized barrel extrudes to generate rock burst;
(4) by setting different drilling pressures and rotating speeds, controlling the pressures in different barrels and designing different gypsum inclination angles, rock burst characteristics under different drilling pressures and rotating speeds and rock burst properties under different drilling pressures and crack inclination angles are obtained, and therefore the rock burst phenomenon and law of gas drilling are researched.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010305263.9A CN111257138A (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2020-04-17 | Experimental device and method for simulating underground rock burst process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010305263.9A CN111257138A (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2020-04-17 | Experimental device and method for simulating underground rock burst process |
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| CN111257138A true CN111257138A (en) | 2020-06-09 |
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| CN202010305263.9A Withdrawn CN111257138A (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2020-04-17 | Experimental device and method for simulating underground rock burst process |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111827910A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-10-27 | 西南石油大学 | Experimental device and experimental method for exploring formation of detritus bed in horizontal well drilling |
| CN113029545A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-25 | 西南石油大学 | Deep well drill string stick-slip vibration simulation device |
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| CN113029545A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-25 | 西南石油大学 | Deep well drill string stick-slip vibration simulation device |
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