CN111256623A - Pyramid type continuous angle measuring sensor and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Pyramid type continuous angle measuring sensor and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111256623A CN111256623A CN202010187074.6A CN202010187074A CN111256623A CN 111256623 A CN111256623 A CN 111256623A CN 202010187074 A CN202010187074 A CN 202010187074A CN 111256623 A CN111256623 A CN 111256623A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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Abstract
The invention provides a pyramid type continuous angle measuring sensor and a measuring method thereof, wherein the sensor comprises: a light source for emitting a light beam; the regular pyramid is used for being connected with a measured object and can rotate along with the measured object, and the conical surface of the regular pyramid is used for reflecting the light beam emitted by the light source; the photoelectric detector is used for receiving the light beam reflected by the conical surface of the regular pyramid and displaying the incident position of the light beam in the measurement process of reflecting the light beam to the same photoelectric detector; and the processing system is used for processing the change value of the incident position of the light beam received by the photoelectric detector to obtain the rotation angle value of the measured object. The position of the light source is not required too much, so that the measurement error caused by the fact that the position of the light source is difficult to fix on the rotating shaft is avoided, and the measurement accuracy can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision testing, in particular to a pyramid type continuous angle measuring sensor and a measuring method thereof.
Background
The angle sensor is a commonly used geometric quantity sensor and is widely used in many fields such as aerospace, industrial production, mechanical manufacturing, military science and the like. The invention relates to a Chinese invention with the application number of 201810688632.X named as a pyramid type continuous angle measuring sensor and a measuring method thereof.A light source is arranged at the center of a regular pyramid, a plurality of light holes are arranged on the regular pyramid, light beams emitted by the light source can be directly transmitted out of the light holes and received by a photoelectric detector. However, the invention has the defects that a light source or a line laser needs to be designed at the rotation center, but in practical application, the light source is difficult to be accurately arranged at the rotation center axis due to assembly errors and the like, and angle measurement errors are caused. In addition, the fixing of the related power supply cable and the like also have the defect of inconvenient use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pyramid type continuous angle measuring sensor and a measuring method thereof, which can further improve the measuring precision and the calculating speed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a pyramid-type continuous angle measuring sensor comprising:
a light source for emitting a light beam;
the regular pyramid is used for being connected with a measured object and can rotate along with the measured object, the conical surface of the regular pyramid is used for reflecting the light beam emitted by the light source, and the light beam emitted by the light source is incident to the cone point of the regular pyramid;
the photoelectric detector is used for receiving the light beam reflected by the conical surface of the regular pyramid and displaying the incident position of the light beam in the measurement process of reflecting the light beam to the same photoelectric detector;
and the processing system is used for processing the change value of the incident position of the light beam received by the photoelectric detector to obtain the rotation angle value of the measured object.
In a further optimized scheme, at least two photoelectric detectors are arranged in a staggered mode, so that at least one photoelectric detector can receive light beams in the measuring process.
In the scheme, by arranging two or more photoelectric detectors, when one photoelectric detector cannot receive the light beam, the other photoelectric detector is switched to receive the light beam, so that continuous angle measurement can be reliably ensured, and the practicability of the angle sensor is enhanced.
In a further preferred embodiment, the inclination angle of each conical surface of the regular pyramid is 45 °. Further, the light source emits a light beam perpendicular to the bottom surface of the regular pyramid. By setting the inclination angle of the conical surface to be 45 degrees, the light beam reflected by the conical surface can be vertically incident to the photoelectric detector, and the operation process is simplified. And the position of the photoelectric detector can be arranged at 90 degrees with the light source, so that the arrangement of each component is convenient, and the structural size of the whole system is reduced.
In a further optimized scheme, the light beam emitted by the light source is shaped by the shaping beam splitter and then enters the conical surface of the regular pyramid. The light beam is shaped into circular laser with uniformly distributed energy after passing through the shaping beam splitter, so that the circular laser is more favorable for the conical surface of the regular pyramid to reflect the circular laser and is also more favorable for the photoelectric detector to receive the circular laser.
In a further optimized scheme, a light beam emitted by the light source is shaped into an annular light beam by the shaping beam splitter, and the circle center of the annular light beam is overlapped with the cone point of the regular pyramid. The centre of a circle of annular beam and the coincidence of the cone point of regular pyramid, the conical surface of regular pyramid is projected to the light beam, and cone point department does not have the light beam, can cut the cone point this moment in order to ensure the safe in utilization of regular pyramid. The annular light beam is similar to a rectangular light spot after being projected to the conical surface, so that the energy is concentrated, and the receiving of a photoelectric detector is facilitated.
In a further optimized scheme, the light beam reflected from the conical surface of the regular pyramid is reflected by the reflector and then enters the photodetector. Through setting up the reflector and incidenting to photoelectric detector after reflecting the light beam, can increase the light arm, reduce the space of part and occupy on the basis of guarantee measurement accuracy then, reduce whole equipment size.
In another optimized scheme, the light beams reflected from the conical surfaces of the regular pyramids are transmitted to the photoelectric detector through the double-free-form-surface lens.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a measuring method of the pyramid type continuous angle measuring sensor, which comprises the following steps:
the regular pyramid is coaxially connected with an object to be measured, so that the regular pyramid can synchronously rotate along with the rotation of the object to be measured;
adjusting the position relation of the light source and the at least two photoelectric detectors so that at least one photoelectric detector can receive the light beam reflected from the conical surface of the regular pyramid in the measuring process;
the excitation light source emits light beams, the light beams are reflected out through the conical surface of the regular pyramid, and the photoelectric detector records the initial position of the incident light beams;
the measured object rotates, and in the rotating process, the photoelectric detector records the change of the incident position of the incident beam until the measured object stops rotating;
and the processing system processes the incident position change value of the light beam received by the photoelectric detector to obtain the rotation angle value of the measured object.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the scheme of the invention, the position of the light source has no special requirement, and only the light source is arranged outside the regular pyramid and the light beam emitted by the light source can be incident to the conical surface of the regular pyramid, so that the fixed installation of the laser source is convenient, and the arrangement of a power supply cable is also convenient.
In addition, the volume of the regular pyramid adopted by the invention is greatly reduced compared with that of a regular prism, and the regular pyramid is more convenient for practical industrial application in cost and precision control.
The sensor is simple in structure, is suitable for measuring the change of angle continuous increment of the measured object, is reliable in measurement, and is easy to realize batch manufacturing.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other relevant drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an angle sensor provided in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2a and 2b are diagrams of the optical path effect when the regular pyramid is rotated by different angles, respectively.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an angle sensor provided in embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an angle sensor provided in embodiment 3.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
the device comprises a light source 1, a shaping beam splitter 2, a reflector 3, a double-free-form-surface lens 4, a regular pyramid 5, a first photoelectric detector 7 and a second photoelectric detector 8.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the invention without inventive step, are within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a pyramid type continuous angle measuring sensor, which includes a light source 1, a regular pyramid 5, a first photodetector 7, a second photodetector 8, and a processing system.
The regular pyramid 5 is used for being connected with a measured object, the regular pyramid 5 can rotate synchronously with the measured object, and the conical surface of the regular pyramid 5 is used for reflecting the light beam emitted by the light source 1, namely the light beam emitted by the light source 1 is incident on the conical surface of the regular pyramid 5. The light source 1 preferably adopts a laser source, and the optical signal is stable and is more easily received by a photoelectric detector. A shaping beam splitter 2 may also be disposed between the light source 1 and the regular pyramid 5, so that the light beam emitted from the light source 1 is shaped into collimated parallel light and then enters the conical surface of the regular pyramid 5. In the more optimized scheme, the light beam emitted by the light source 1 is shaped into an annular light beam through the shaping beam splitter 2, the circle center of the annular light beam coincides with the cone point of the regular pyramid, and the regular pyramid 5 can be a structure with the cone point cut off at the moment so as to avoid potential safety hazards possibly caused by the sharpness of the cone point. The annular light beam is similar to a rectangular light spot after being projected to the conical surface, so that the energy is concentrated, and the receiving of a photoelectric detector is facilitated.
The structure of the regular pyramid 5 is not limited to the regular hexagonal pyramid shown in the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the light beam emitted by the light source is preferably incident on the cone point of a regular pyramid. Because the light source emits a beam of light, a light spot is formed on the plane and has a certain area, when the light spot is on the conical point of the regular pyramid, the light spot covers each conical surface at the conical point, is reflected out through each conical surface and is then received by the photoelectric detector arranged at the corresponding position. That is, the light beam is incident on each of the tapered surfaces from the tapered point. Since the light beams are incident to the conical surfaces from the conical points, the light beams emitted by the light source are reflected to the photoelectric detector through the conical surfaces, and the light beams emitted by the light source are received by the photoelectric detector similarly to the case that the light source is positioned at the center of the regular pyramid, so that the principle of calculating the rotation angle of the measured object is the same as that of the invention of China with the application number of 201810688632.X, which can be referred to in the description of the calculation process. In order to simplify the calculation process, the inclination angle of the conical surface of the regular pyramid is preferably 45 °, and the light beam emitted by the light source is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the regular pyramid, so that the light beam reflected by the conical surface of the regular pyramid can be vertically incident into the photodetector, which is convenient for the photodetector to receive and can also simplify the calculation process.
The first photodetector 7 and the second photodetector 8 are used for receiving the light beam reflected by the conical surface of the regular pyramid 5 and displaying the incident position of the light beam in the measurement process of reflecting the light beam to the same photodetector, and at least one of the first photodetector 7 and the second photodetector 8 can receive the light beam 2 in the measurement process so as to realize continuous measurement. The purpose of the first photodetector and the second photodetector being respectively disposed at different positions is to achieve continuous measurement, and two photodetectors are shown in this embodiment and the drawings, but it can be understood that there may be more photodetectors and the photodetectors may be arranged in a staggered manner.
And the processing system processes the change value of the incident position of the light beam received by the first photoelectric detector 7 and/or the second photoelectric detector 8 to obtain the rotation angle value of the object to be measured. The processing system can be any module or chip or device with mathematical computation capability, such as a single chip microcomputer, or an FPGA, or a computer.
In order to ensure that the light beam 2 emitted by the light source 1 can be received by the first photoelectric detector 7 and/or the second photoelectric detector 8 after being reflected by the conical surface of the regular pyramid 5 so as to realize continuous measurement, two critical points can be respectively set for the first photoelectric detector 7 and the second photoelectric detector 8, the ranges of the rotating angles of the regular pyramid 5 corresponding to the two critical points are respectively a detection maximum value and a detection minimum value of the photoelectric detector, at least one photoelectric detector can receive the light beam emitted by the light source 1, namely the light beam is positioned in a detection area between the two critical points in the photoelectric detector; the method for switching detection calculation between the first photoelectric detector 7 and the second photoelectric detector 8 by the processing system is characterized in that when one of the first photoelectric detector 7 and the second photoelectric detector 8 detects that the light beam exceeds the area between two critical points in the photoelectric detector, the processing system automatically switches to adopt the light beam detection value in the detection area of the other photoelectric detector for calculation.
When the pyramid type continuous angle measuring sensor is used for measuring, the following steps are carried out:
the regular pyramid is coaxially connected with an object to be measured, so that the regular pyramid can synchronously rotate along with the rotation of the object to be measured;
adjusting the position relation of the light source, the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector to enable at least one of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector to receive the light beam reflected from the conical surface of the regular pyramid;
the excitation light source emits light beams, the light beams are reflected out through the conical surface of the regular pyramid, and the initial positions of the light beams are detected by the photoelectric detector I and/or the photoelectric detector II;
the measured object rotates, and in the rotating process, the photoelectric detector I and/or the photoelectric detector II detect the change of the incident positions of the light beams on the respective detectors until the measured object stops rotating;
and the processing system processes the change value of the incident position of the light beam received by the first photoelectric detector and/or the change value of the incident position of the light beam received by the second photoelectric detector to obtain the rotation angle value of the object to be measured.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, in the structure of the pyramid-type continuous angle measurement sensor provided in this embodiment, compared with embodiment 1, one or more reflective mirrors 3 are disposed between the photodetector and the regular pyramid, and the light beam reflected by the conical surface of the regular pyramid 5 is reflected by the reflective mirror 3 and then enters the photodetector one 7 or the photodetector two 8, so as to increase the optical arm, improve the measurement accuracy, and make the overall size of the sensor smaller under the condition of the same measurement accuracy.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 4, in the structure of the pyramid-type continuous angle measuring sensor provided in this embodiment, compared with the structure in embodiment 1, a double free-form surface lens 4 is disposed between the photodetector and the regular pyramid, and a light beam reflected by the conical surface of the regular pyramid 5 is transmitted through the double free-form surface lens 4 and then enters the photodetector one 7 or the photodetector two 8, so that the photodetector can receive the light beam more favorably.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pyramid-type continuous angle measuring sensor, comprising:
a light source for emitting a light beam;
the regular pyramid is used for being connected with a measured object and can rotate along with the measured object, the conical surface of the regular pyramid is used for reflecting the light beam emitted by the light source, and the light beam emitted by the light source is incident to the cone point of the regular pyramid;
the photoelectric detector is used for receiving the light beam reflected by the conical surface of the regular pyramid and displaying the incident position of the light beam in the measurement process of reflecting the light beam to the same photoelectric detector;
and the processing system is used for processing the change value of the incident position of the light beam received by the photoelectric detector to obtain the rotation angle value of the measured object.
2. The pyramid-type continuous angle measuring sensor according to claim 1, wherein the number of the photodetectors is at least two, and the at least two photodetectors are arranged in a staggered manner so that at least one photodetector can receive the light beam during the measurement.
3. The pyramid-type continuous angle measuring sensor according to claim 1, wherein an inclination angle of each of the tapered surfaces of the regular pyramid is 45 °.
4. The pyramid-type continuous angle measuring sensor according to claim 3, wherein the light source emits a light beam perpendicular to the bottom surface of the regular pyramid.
5. The pyramid-type continuous angle measuring sensor according to claim 1, wherein the light beam emitted from the light source is shaped by the shaping beam splitter and then incident on the conical surface of the regular pyramid.
6. The pyramid-type continuous angle measuring sensor according to claim 5, wherein the light beam emitted from the light source is shaped into an annular light beam by the shaping beam splitter, and the center of the annular light beam coincides with the cone point of the regular pyramid.
7. The pyramid-type continuous angle measuring sensor according to claim 1, wherein the light beam reflected from the conical surface of the regular pyramid is reflected by the reflecting mirror and then incident on the photodetector.
8. The pyramid-type continuous angle measuring sensor according to claim 1, wherein the light beam reflected from the conical surface of the regular pyramid is transmitted to the photodetector through the double free-form lens.
9. The pyramid-type continuous angle measurement sensor of claim 1, wherein the light source is a laser.
10. A method of measuring a pyramid-type continuous angle measuring sensor according to any one of claims 2 to 9, comprising the steps of:
the regular pyramid is coaxially connected with an object to be measured, so that the regular pyramid can synchronously rotate along with the rotation of the object to be measured;
adjusting the position relation of the light source and the at least two photoelectric detectors so that at least one photoelectric detector can receive the light beam reflected from the conical surface of the regular pyramid in the measuring process;
the excitation light source emits light beams, the light beams are reflected out through the conical surface of the regular pyramid, and the photoelectric detector records the initial position of the incident light beams;
the measured object rotates, and in the rotating process, the photoelectric detector records the change of the incident position of the incident beam until the measured object stops rotating;
and the processing system processes the incident position change value of the light beam received by the photoelectric detector to obtain the rotation angle value of the measured object.
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2020
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