CN111254431B - Light-powder co-path powder feeding nozzle for atmosphere protection - Google Patents

Light-powder co-path powder feeding nozzle for atmosphere protection Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111254431B
CN111254431B CN202010057413.9A CN202010057413A CN111254431B CN 111254431 B CN111254431 B CN 111254431B CN 202010057413 A CN202010057413 A CN 202010057413A CN 111254431 B CN111254431 B CN 111254431B
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Prior art keywords
powder
light
channel
path
nozzle
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CN111254431A (en
Inventor
姚建华
杨高林
张群莉
冯亮
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/20—Cooling means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a light-powder one-way powder feeding nozzle for atmosphere protection, which comprises a nozzle main body and a light-powder one-way main channel, wherein a light-powder one-way expanding channel and at least one powder feeding channel are arranged in the nozzle main body; the upper end of the powder feeding channel extends to the outside of the nozzle main body and then is externally connected with a powder feeding system, and the lower end of the powder feeding channel extends to the light-powder same-path expanding channel and is communicated with the light-powder same-path expanding channel. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the powder path is internally arranged, oxygen in air outside the tube cannot be introduced, the working air flow is sprayed out in an approximate laminar flow state after being stabilized, oxidation is effectively reduced, and the light-powder same path mode has the characteristics of low cost and strong oxidation resistance.

Description

Light-powder co-path powder feeding nozzle for atmosphere protection
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technical device for atmosphere protection in the fields of laser cladding, additive manufacturing and remanufacturing, in particular to a light-powder co-path powder feeding nozzle.
Background
The laser cladding process is a coating preparation process which takes laser as a heat source, melts powder materials and base materials to form a molten pool, combines the two molten materials in a dilution zone and further forms metallurgical bonding. In the laser cladding process, the powder feeding mode can be roughly divided into lateral powder feeding, coaxial powder feeding and optical inner powder feeding.
The powder feeding nozzle in the lateral powder feeding is obliquely arranged relative to the axis of a focused laser beam, alloy powder is obliquely thrown into a laser spot on a cladding layer and forms a laser cladding belt along with the movement of a base material and the continuous feeding of the powder, and the laser cladding belt is mainly applied to wide-spot 2D cladding, such as the remanufacturing of crankshafts and spindles. The annular coaxial powder feeding device is characterized in that a plurality of powder carrying air powder feeding nozzles are uniformly and symmetrically distributed in the circumferential direction with a laser beam as a central axis, and the central line of a powder feeding pipeline converges at one point of the laser beam. The powder flow in the porous coaxial powder feeding is divided into multiple paths to enter the nozzle, the powder flow is distributed in an inverted cone shape, and the focus of the focused laser beam is superposed with the convergent point of the powder flow, so that the coaxial powder feeding is realized. The coaxial powder feeding mode is mainly applied to 2D and 3D cladding, such as direct manufacturing of blade parts, direct manufacturing and remanufacturing of dies. The optical internal powder feeding mode divides a light beam by using a cone mirror, then reflects the light beam to a certain point through a circular paraboloid mirror to converge, and sprays powder flow from the middle, so that the effect of light surrounding the powder is achieved, the optical internal powder feeding needs a light splitting and condensing system, the cost is high, and the optical internal powder feeding mode is mainly applied to 2D and 3D cladding, such as direct manufacturing and remanufacturing of a die and remanufacturing of large-scale equipment.
Under the open condition, the powder carrying gas in the existing laser cladding powder feeding mode introduces a large amount of oxygen into a molten pool due to the turbulence of entrainment and injection effects, and the molten pool is oxidized to generate the defects of oxide inclusions, air holes and the like which influence the performance of a cladding layer.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a light-powder co-feeding nozzle for atmosphere protection.
The invention relates to a light-powder one-way powder feeding nozzle for atmosphere protection, which is characterized in that: the optical-powder co-path expansion nozzle comprises a nozzle body and an optical-powder co-path main channel, wherein an optical-powder co-path expansion channel and at least one powder feeding channel are arranged in the nozzle body, the optical-powder co-path expansion channel and the optical-powder co-path main channel are arranged along the axial direction of the nozzle body, the upper end of the optical-powder co-path expansion channel extends to the top of the nozzle body and then is detachably connected with a light outlet of a light path system, and the lower end of the optical-powder co-path expansion channel is communicated with the upper end of the optical-powder co-path main channel to form a coaxial optical-powder co-path channel which is communicated up and down; the upper end of the powder feeding channel extends to the outside of the nozzle main body and then is externally connected with a powder feeding system, and the lower end of the powder feeding channel extends to the light-powder same-path expanding channel and is communicated with the light-powder same-path expanding channel.
The light-powder co-path channel is arranged along the central shaft of the nozzle main body, the upper section of the light-powder co-path expanding channel is a cylindrical tubular channel, the lower section of the light-powder co-path expanding channel is an inverted circular truncated cone-shaped channel with a large upper part and a small lower part, the inner diameter of the upper end of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped channel is equal to that of the upper section, and the inner diameter of the lower end of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped channel is equal to that of the light-powder co-path main channel which is also the cylindrical tubular channel.
A powder stagnation area exists on the powder loading air wall surface of the light-powder co-path expanded channel, the powder movement speed is extremely low, the powder is not irradiated by laser, and liquid drops are not generated to block the main channel of the light-powder co-path.
The junction of the main channel of the same path of light-powder and the enlarged channel of the same path of light-powder is processed into an inclined plane for preventing laser from deflecting and reflecting back to the light path system to damage the laser head.
The inner part of the nozzle main body is provided with two powder feeding channels which are symmetrical about the central axis of the nozzle main body, namely the powder feeding channels are respectively arranged at two sides of the nozzle main body and form an acute angle with the main light-powder channel.
The water cooling channel is arranged in the nozzle main body and arranged around the light-powder co-path expansion channel, two ends of the water cooling channel respectively extend to the side wall of the nozzle main body to form a water inlet hole and a water outlet hole, and the water inlet hole and the water outlet hole are respectively provided with internal threads which can be communicated with external water cooling equipment.
The top of nozzle body be equipped with can with light path system complex installation department to be equipped with the connecting hole on the installation department, light path system's light-emitting port end inserts behind the installation cavity of installation department and fixes through the bolt that inserts in the connecting hole, light path system's light-emitting port jets out along the laser of nozzle body center pin direction.
The upper end of the powder feeding channel is provided with an internal thread which can be in threaded connection with external powder feeding equipment.
In the invention: the light-powder one-way conveying device is like an inverted Bu character, a I. The powder feeding channel is located on the side wall of the laser main channel, laser enters from the main channel, powder enters from the side wall, the powder and gas flow in the channel in an intersecting mode, oxygen in air outside the tube cannot be introduced, working air flow is ejected in an approximate laminar flow state after being stabilized, oxidation is effectively reduced, a molten pool is formed after the penetrated laser irradiates a substrate, and heated powder particles enter the molten pool of the substrate to achieve laser deposition.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the powder path is internally arranged, oxygen in air outside the pipe cannot be introduced, the working air flow is sprayed out in an approximate laminar flow state after being stabilized, oxidation is effectively reduced, and compared with the existing powder feeding mode, the light-powder one-path mode has the characteristics of low cost and strong oxidation resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is an isometric view of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
With reference to the accompanying drawings:
embodiment 1 a light-powder one-way powder feeding nozzle for atmosphere protection according to the present invention includes a nozzle body 1 and a light-powder one-way main channel 2, wherein a light-powder one-way expanding channel 7 and at least one powder feeding channel 4 are disposed inside the nozzle body 1, the light-powder one-way expanding channel 7 and the light-powder one-way main channel 2 are both axially disposed along the nozzle body 1, wherein an upper end of the light-powder one-way expanding channel 7 extends to a top of the nozzle body 1 and is detachably connected to a light outlet of a light path system, and a lower end thereof is communicated with an upper end of the light-powder one-way main channel 2 to form a coaxial light-powder one-way channel which is through up and down; the upper end of the powder feeding channel 4 extends to the outside of the nozzle main body and then is externally connected with a powder feeding system, and the lower end of the powder feeding channel extends to the light-powder same-path expanding channel and is communicated with the light-powder same-path expanding channel.
The light-powder co-path channel is arranged along the central shaft of the nozzle main body, the upper section of the light-powder co-path expanding channel 7 is a cylindrical tubular channel, the lower section of the light-powder co-path expanding channel is an inverted circular truncated cone-shaped channel with a large upper part and a small lower part, the inner diameter of the upper end of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped channel is equal to that of the upper section, and the inner diameter of the lower end of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped channel is equal to that of the light-powder co-path main channel which is also the cylindrical tubular channel.
The junction of the light-powder one-way main channel 2 and the light-powder one-way expanding channel 7 is processed into an inclined plane for preventing laser from deflecting and reflecting back to a light path system to damage a laser head.
Two powder feeding channels 4 are arranged in the nozzle body 1 and are symmetrical about the central axis of the nozzle body, namely the powder feeding channels are respectively arranged on two sides of the nozzle body and form an acute angle with the light-powder co-path main channel.
The nozzle body 1 is internally provided with a water cooling channel 8, the water cooling channel 8 is arranged around the light-powder co-path expansion channel 7, two ends of the water cooling channel 8 extend to the side wall of the nozzle body 1 respectively to form a water inlet hole 5 and a water outlet hole 6, and the water inlet hole 5 and the water outlet hole 6 are both provided with internal threads which can be communicated with external water cooling equipment.
The top of the nozzle body 1 is provided with an installation part matched with the optical path system, the installation part is provided with a connecting hole 3, the tail end of a light outlet of the optical path system is inserted into an installation cavity of the installation part and then fixed through a bolt inserted into the connecting hole, and the light outlet of the optical path system emits laser along the central axis direction of the nozzle body.
The upper end of the powder feeding channel 4 is provided with an internal thread which can be in threaded connection with external powder feeding equipment.
Embodiment 2 the invention relates to a light-powder co-channel powder feeding nozzle for atmosphere protection, which comprises a nozzle main body 1 and a light-powder co-channel main channel 2, wherein two powder feeding channels 4, a light-powder co-channel expanding channel 7 and a water cooling channel 8 are arranged in the nozzle main body 1, a protective mirror is arranged at the upper end of the nozzle main body 1, and inert gas is introduced to prevent powder carrying gas carrying metal powder from rising to pollute an optical system and damage a laser head.
The powder feeding channels 4 are arranged on two sides of the nozzle body 1, the powder feeding channels 4 and the light-powder co-path main channel 2 form an acute angle, and in order to reduce the rebound of laser and the dispersion of powder when the powder is sprayed out of the powder feeding channels, the powder feeding included angle is as small as possible.
The light-powder co-channel main channel 2 is arranged below the nozzle main body 1, powder and gas flow in the main channel in a crossed manner, and the working air flow is sprayed out in an approximately laminar flow manner after being gradually stabilized in the main channel. Meanwhile, the junction of the main channel of the same path of light-powder and the enlarged channel of the same path of light-powder is processed into an inclined plane, so that laser is prevented from deflecting and reflecting back to a light path system and damaging a laser head.
The water inlet holes 5 and the water outlet holes 6 are collectively called water cooling holes, are respectively communicated with two ends of a water cooling channel 8, are arranged on two sides of the nozzle body 1 and are used for cooling the nozzle.
The connecting hole 3 is installed at the top of the nozzle body 1 and used for connecting an optical path system of a laser head.
Embodiment 3 the invention relates to a light-powder co-channel powder feeding nozzle for atmosphere protection, which comprises a nozzle main body 1 and a light-powder co-channel main channel 2, wherein two powder feeding channels 4, a light-powder co-channel expanding channel 7 and a water cooling channel are arranged in the nozzle main body 1, the light-powder co-channel main channel 2 is arranged below the nozzle main body 1 and is coaxial with the light-powder co-channel expanding channel 7, and working air flow is gradually stabilized and approximately sprayed out in a laminar flow manner after being mixed in the light-powder co-channel main channel 2; the light-powder co-path expanding channel 7 is arranged above the nozzle main body 1; the water inlet hole 5 and the water outlet hole 6 are arranged on two sides of the nozzle main body and used for cooling the nozzle; the connecting hole 3 is arranged at the uppermost part of the nozzle main body 1 and is used for connecting an optical path system of a laser head; the two ends of the water cooling channel respectively extend to the side wall of the nozzle main body to form a water inlet hole 5 and a water outlet hole 6, and are communicated with an external water cooling system for cooling the nozzle main body.
By adopting the technical scheme, oxygen in air outside the pipe cannot be introduced, the working air flow is sprayed out in an approximate laminar flow state, oxidation is effectively reduced, and the cost for manufacturing the nozzle is reduced.
The inner cavity of the light-powder co-channel main channel 2 is a cylindrical cavity; the inner cavity of the light-powder co-path expanding channel 7 is a circular truncated cone cavity; the water inlet hole 5 and the water outlet hole 6 are through holes with threads; the powder feeding channel 4 is a through hole with threads on two sides of the nozzle body 1, and metal powder is fed to the light-powder co-path expanding channel 7 from the powder feeding channel 4; the connecting hole 3 is a screw hole, the nozzle body 1 is connected with the optical path system through a screw, and the nozzle body 1 can be detached and replaced through the screw.
The embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of implementations of the inventive concept and the scope of the present invention should not be considered limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments but includes equivalent technical means as would be recognized by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.

Claims (5)

1. A light-powder co-route powder feeding nozzle for atmosphere protection is characterized in that: the optical-powder co-path expansion channel is arranged along the central shaft of the nozzle body, the upper section of the optical-powder co-path expansion channel is a cylindrical tubular channel, the lower section of the optical-powder co-path expansion channel is an inverted circular truncated cone-shaped channel with a large upper section and a small lower section, the inner diameter of the upper end of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped channel is equal to that of the upper section, and the inner diameter of the lower end of the inverted circular truncated cone-shaped channel is equal to that of the optical-powder co-path main channel which is also the cylindrical tubular channel; the light-powder co-path expanding channel and the light-powder co-path main channel are arranged along the axial direction of the nozzle main body, wherein the upper end of the light-powder co-path expanding channel extends to the top of the nozzle main body and then is detachably connected with a light outlet of a light path system, the lower end of the light-powder co-path expanding channel is communicated with the upper end of the light-powder co-path main channel to form a coaxial light-powder co-path channel which is communicated up and down, and a powder stagnation area exists on the powder loading gas wall surface of the light-powder co-path expanding channel; the upper end of the powder feeding channel extends to the outside of the nozzle main body and then is externally connected with a powder feeding system, and the lower end of the powder feeding channel extends to the light-powder same-path expanding channel and is communicated with the light-powder same-path expanding channel; the water cooling channel is arranged in the nozzle main body and arranged around the light-powder co-path expanding channel, two ends of the water cooling channel respectively extend to the side wall of the nozzle main body to form a water inlet and a water outlet, and the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively provided with internal threads which can be communicated with external water cooling equipment.
2. A light-powder co-delivery nozzle for atmospheric protection as recited in claim 1, wherein: the junction of the main channel of the same path of light-powder and the enlarged channel of the same path of light-powder is processed into an inclined plane for preventing laser from deflecting and reflecting back to the light path system to damage the laser head.
3. A light-powder co-delivery nozzle for atmospheric protection as recited in claim 1, wherein: the inner part of the nozzle main body is provided with two powder feeding channels which are symmetrical about the central axis of the nozzle main body, namely the powder feeding channels are respectively arranged at two sides of the nozzle main body and form an acute angle with the main light-powder channel.
4. A light-powder co-delivery nozzle for atmospheric protection as recited in claim 1, wherein: the top of nozzle body be equipped with can with light path system complex installation department to be equipped with the connecting hole on the installation department, light path system's light-emitting port end inserts behind the installation cavity of installation department and fixes through the bolt that inserts in the connecting hole, light path system's light-emitting port jets out can follow the laser of nozzle body's center pin direction.
5. A light-powder co-delivery nozzle for atmospheric protection as recited in claim 1, wherein: the upper end of the powder feeding channel is provided with an internal thread which can be in threaded connection with external powder feeding equipment.
CN202010057413.9A 2020-01-19 2020-01-19 Light-powder co-path powder feeding nozzle for atmosphere protection Active CN111254431B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112338208B (en) * 2020-10-30 2022-11-18 浙江工业大学 Method for additive manufacturing based on light powder one-way laser capture nozzle structure
CN113319294B (en) * 2021-06-28 2022-03-08 南昌航空大学 Detachable optical internal powder feeding laser additive manufacturing cladding head
CN115261844B (en) * 2022-05-23 2024-01-16 浙江工业大学 Underwater wet-process laser cladding head and cladding method thereof

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US7938341B2 (en) * 2004-12-13 2011-05-10 Optomec Design Company Miniature aerosol jet and aerosol jet array
GB2439934A (en) * 2006-07-07 2008-01-16 William Geoffrey Hopkins Laser-assisted spray system and nozzle
CN101148760B (en) * 2006-09-22 2010-07-21 苏州大学 Technique for manufacturing inner-light powder-supplying by laser machining forming and inner-light powder-supplying spray head
CN103920626B (en) * 2014-03-19 2016-08-24 浙江工业大学 A kind of laser assisted cold spray-coating method and spray nozzle device
CN109023352B (en) * 2018-09-18 2020-11-24 温州泛波激光有限公司 Laser inner cladding equipment
CN110055528B (en) * 2019-05-23 2020-06-12 西安交通大学 Annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultra-high-speed laser cladding

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