CN110055528B - Annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultra-high-speed laser cladding - Google Patents
Annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultra-high-speed laser cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN110055528B CN110055528B CN201910436560.4A CN201910436560A CN110055528B CN 110055528 B CN110055528 B CN 110055528B CN 201910436560 A CN201910436560 A CN 201910436560A CN 110055528 B CN110055528 B CN 110055528B
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
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Abstract
The invention is applied to the field of laser processing, and provides an annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultra-high-speed laser cladding, which comprises: the laser device comprises a laser optical system, a top part, a middle part, a first conical part and a second conical part which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the axis ports of the top part, the middle part, the first conical part and the second conical part are communicated to form a laser cavity; the powder is decelerated by two front wall surfaces, the powder is uniformly dispersed by adopting a two-stage powder dividing procedure of a transverse powder feeding through hole and a longitudinal powder feeding through hole, the carrier gas is accelerated by a conical contraction chamber to provide powder power, and the effects of small powder focus and high concentration are finally achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser processing, in particular to an annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding.
Background
Key parts of high-end equipment in the fields of vehicles, ships, ferrous metallurgy, energy chemical engineering and the like often have the performance requirements of wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like on the surfaces and need to be specially treated. Common process types mainly comprise electroplating, thermal spraying, surfacing and laser cladding technologies, wherein the coating prepared by the electroplating technology is thin and generally does not exceed 100 mu m, and the whole part is easy to fail due to coating failure under special conditions. And the coating and the base material are poor in combination, generally not more than 100MPa, poor in corrosion resistance and easy to peel. In addition, serious resource waste and environmental pollution are caused in the production process, and the method is an industry which needs replacement urgently. The coating prepared by the thermal spraying technology is mechanically bonded with the substrate, the bonding force is weak, generally 100-200 MPa, and the coating is easy to peel off. And the prepared coating has more pores and is usually prepared by multilayer deposition, so that the processing efficiency is lower. In the production process, the powder and gas consumption is large, and the powder utilization rate is only about 60 percent. The coating prepared by the surfacing technology is generally thick and can reach 2-3 mm, a base material needs to be preheated in the preparation process, the heat input is large, the heat affected zone is large, large deformation of parts is easily caused, and the performance is poor. The laser cladding technology has the advantages of high bonding strength, small heat input, small deformation and the like, and can obtain a coating with certain performance by adjusting powder components, thereby being practically applied in various industries. However, the cladding speed of the technology is generally 0.5-3 m/min, the processing efficiency is low, and meanwhile, the powder utilization efficiency is low, generally about 50%. The technology concentrates laser energy on a base material to form a molten pool, powder enters the molten pool to be melted, and a coating is formed after cooling, so that the utilization rate of the laser energy is low, and the roughness of the coating is large. The problems to be solved at present are urgent due to low efficiency, high production cost and limited large-scale industrial application.
The ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology is developed by combining Fraunhofer ILT and Gehen industry university RWHH-Aachen in Germany, the technology obtains a coating with the dilution rate of less than 1% and the thickness of 10-250 um and metallurgical bonding characteristics under the laser power of 3KW, the cladding speed can reach 200m/min, the cladding efficiency is 500cm2/min, and a new idea and method are provided for the development of a wear-resistant and anti-corrosion coating process. The technology enables laser to form an approximately uniform power density area in the air, powder is irradiated and heated in the area to be molten, and the powder falls into a molten pool in a liquid or semi-liquid state and then is rapidly cooled to form a coating, and compared with the conventional laser cladding technology, the cladding speed is high and can generally reach 25-200 m/min; the cladding efficiency is high, and is generally 0.5-3 m 2/h; the coating has high quality, is metallurgically bonded with the base material, and has low dilution rate; energy saving and high powder utilization rate.
The ultrahigh-speed laser cladding powder feeding device is mostly obtained by improving the traditional laser cladding powder feeding device, is mostly a needle-type coaxial powder feeding device, and mainly utilizes the characteristic that the powder concentration of a multi-beam powder flow cross convergence area is highest. Because the powder feeding needles need to be inclined by a certain angle and placed around the central shaft in an annular mode, the manufacturing process is high in processing difficulty and high in rejection rate, the manufacturing cost is high, the powder feeding needles are influenced by the processing precision, and the powder discharging effect of each powder feeding needle cannot be guaranteed to be completely consistent. In addition, the powder injection is mostly a hollow straight tube, so the powder injection is difficult to manufacture, is limited by processing conditions, and has limited pinhole size, so that the needle type coaxial powder injection device has poor powder convergence, larger convergence focus and lower powder concentration, and a certain divergence angle exists after the powder injection flows out of a needle opening and is out of restraint; and the inclination angle of the powder injection and the distance between the needles can not obtain the optimal parameters, so that the powder concentration is low, the flight time of the powder in laser is shortened, the powder can not be melted, and the powder waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultra-high-speed laser cladding, which overcomes the technical problems and has the effects of convenient processing, small powder focus and high concentration.
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses an annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultra-high-speed laser cladding, which comprises:
the laser device comprises a laser device optical system, and a top component, a middle component, a first conical component and a second conical component which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the axis ports of the top component, the middle component, the first conical component and the second conical component are communicated to form a laser cavity, and the laser cavity comprises:
the axial port of the top part is coaxially connected with the laser optical system, the upper end surface of the top part is provided with a plurality of powder inlet holes, and the powder inlet holes vertically penetrate through the top part;
the upper end surface of the middle part component and the lower end surface of the top part component are combined to form a powder mixing chamber, and the powder mixing chamber is communicated with the powder inlet hole; an annular nesting component is arranged between the powder mixing chamber and the axis port of the middle component, and a plurality of transverse powder inlet through holes are formed in the circumferential wall surface of the nesting component;
the upper end surface of the first conical part is also provided with a plurality of longitudinal powder feeding through holes which are distributed annularly along the edge of the axial center opening of the first conical part and communicated with the transverse powder feeding through holes;
the second conical part and the first conical part are combined to form a conical contraction cavity, the conical contraction cavity is communicated with the longitudinal powder feeding through hole, and a powder convergence point of the conical contraction cavity and a laser focus point of the laser cavity are located at the same point.
Furthermore, a first annular groove is formed in the lower end face of the middle part, a second annular groove is formed in the upper end face of the first conical part, and the first annular groove and the second annular groove are assembled to form a primary annular water-cooling chamber;
the top part with all be provided with the water injection hole on the terminal surface of middle part, the top part with the middle part the water injection hole communicates with each other and lets in one-level annular water-cooling cavity.
Further, the lower end face of the top part is provided with a sealing rubber ring, and the sealing rubber ring is used for isolating the water injection hole from the powder mixing chamber.
Furthermore, the lower end face of the middle part component is also provided with two first sealing rings which are respectively arranged on two sides of the first annular groove and used for isolating the primary annular water-cooling cavity from the outside.
Further, a second sealing ring is arranged on the upper end face of the first conical part, a third sealing ring is arranged on the lower end face of the first conical part, and the second sealing ring is used for isolating the laser cavity from the longitudinal powder feeding through hole; the third sealing ring is used for isolating the conical shrinkage cavity from the outside.
The bottom part is arranged at the lower end of the second conical part, the bottom part and the second conical part are combined to form an annular air chamber, and an outlet of the annular air chamber is higher than the lower end surface of the second conical part;
the end faces of the top part, the middle part, the first conical part and the second conical part are respectively provided with a vent hole which vertically penetrates through the body, and the vent holes of the top part, the middle part, the first conical part and the second conical part are communicated in sequence and are communicated with the annular air chamber.
The water cooling device further comprises a water cooling shell arranged at the lower end of the bottom part, the lowest point of the water cooling shell is higher than the lower end surface of the second conical part, and the water cooling shell and the bottom part are assembled to form a secondary annular water cooling cavity;
and a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged on the outer wall of the water-cooling shell, and the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively communicated with the second-stage annular water-cooling chamber.
Furthermore, the lower terminal surface of bottom part is provided with the fourth sealing ring, the up end of water-cooling shell is provided with the fifth sealing ring, the fourth sealing ring with the fifth sealing ring is used for making second grade annular water-cooling cavity keeps apart with the external world.
Furthermore, a plurality of positioning holes are uniformly distributed on the upper end face of the water-cooling shell and are used for being coaxially connected with the first conical part and the second conical part.
Furthermore, a plurality of connecting and positioning threaded holes are formed in the upper end face of the top component and are used for being coaxially connected with the laser optical system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the coaxial powder feeding device provided by the embodiment of the invention utilizes two front wall surfaces to decelerate the powder, two-stage powder dividing procedures of a transverse powder feeding through hole and a longitudinal powder feeding through hole are adopted to uniformly disperse the powder, and a conical shrinkage cavity accelerates carrier gas to provide powder power, so that the effects of small powder focus and high concentration are finally achieved, and the powder dividing procedure can be used for improving the spatial distribution uniformity of the powder focus position, so that the surface roughness of the prepared coating is smaller.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultra-high speed laser cladding according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultra-high speed laser cladding according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a schematic perspective view of a top member of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a top member of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a schematic perspective view of a component of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a schematic perspective view of a first conical member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first conical member according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6a is a schematic perspective view of a second conical member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second conical member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7a is a schematic perspective view of a base member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a base member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8a is a schematic perspective view of a water-cooled housing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water-cooled housing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a nesting component according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-top part, 2-middle part, 3-first conical part, 4-second conical part, 5-laser chamber, 6-powder inlet hole, 7-powder mixing chamber, 8-nested part, 9-transverse powder inlet through hole, 10-longitudinal powder inlet through hole, 11-conical contraction chamber, 12-first annular groove, 13-second annular groove, 14-water injection hole, 15-bottom part, 16-annular air chamber, 17-vent hole, 18-water cooling shell, 19-secondary annular water cooling chamber, 20-water inlet, 21-water outlet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic perspective view of an annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultra-high speed laser cladding according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; referring to fig. 2, a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultra-high speed laser cladding according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the annular coaxial powder feeding device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the laser comprises a laser optical system, and a top component 1, a middle component 2, a first conical component 3 and a second conical component 4 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the axial ports of the top component 1, the middle component 2, the first conical component 3 and the second conical component 4 are communicated to form a laser cavity 5, wherein:
the axial center port of the top part 1 is coaxially connected with the laser optical system, the upper end surface of the top part 1 is provided with a plurality of powder inlet holes 6, and the powder inlet holes 6 vertically penetrate through the top part 1;
the upper end surface of the middle part component 2 and the lower end surface of the top part component 1 are combined to form a powder mixing chamber 7, and the powder mixing chamber 7 is communicated with the powder inlet hole 6; an annular nesting component 8 is further arranged between the powder mixing chamber 7 and the axial center port of the middle component 2, and a plurality of transverse powder inlet through holes 9 are formed in the circumferential wall surface of the nesting component 8;
the upper end surface of the first conical part 3 is also provided with a plurality of longitudinal powder feeding through holes 10, and the longitudinal powder feeding through holes 10 are distributed annularly along the edge of the axial center opening of the first conical part 3 and are communicated with the transverse powder feeding through hole 9;
the second conical part 4 and the first conical part 3 are combined to form a conical contraction cavity 11, the conical contraction cavity 11 is communicated with the longitudinal powder feeding through hole 10, and the powder convergence focus of the conical contraction cavity 11 and the laser focusing point of the laser cavity 5 are located at the same point.
The coaxial powder feeding device of the embodiment of the invention at least comprises a top part 1, a middle part 2, a first conical part 3 and a second conical part 4.
Referring to fig. 3a, there is shown a schematic perspective view of a top member 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 3b, there is shown a schematic perspective view of a cross-section of top member 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
referring to fig. 4a, there is shown a schematic perspective view of a component 2 in an embodiment of the invention; referring to fig. 4b, there is shown a schematic perspective view of a section of a part 2 in an embodiment of the invention;
referring to FIG. 5a, there is shown a schematic perspective view of a first conical member 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to FIG. 5b, there is shown a schematic perspective view of a cross-section of the first conical member 3 of an embodiment of the present invention;
referring to FIG. 6a, there is shown a schematic perspective view of a second conical member 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 6b, a schematic cross-sectional perspective view of the second conical member 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
The upper end face of the top component 1 is provided with a plurality of connecting and positioning threaded holes, and the connecting and positioning threaded holes are used for being coaxially connected with the laser optical system. The laser optical system provided by the embodiment of the invention is an existing laser, such as a high-power (4000W-10000W) optical fiber laser, and the laser is mainly used for surface laser strengthening of various axial parts. The number of the connecting and positioning threaded holes is preferably 4, and the connecting and positioning threaded holes are uniformly distributed on the upper end face of the top component 1, so that the coaxial connection with the laser optical system is ensured, and meanwhile, the stability is higher, and the connection between the top component 1 and the laser optical system is firmer.
The top part 1, the middle part 2, the first conical part 3 and the second conical part 4 are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the axial port of the embodiment of the invention is a port opened along the central direction of the parts, and the axial ports of the top part 1, the middle part 2, the first conical part 3 and the second conical part 4 are communicated to form a channel through which laser passes, namely a laser chamber 5.
A plurality of first positioning threaded holes are uniformly formed in the lower end face of the top component 1 and are at least coaxially connected with the middle component 2;
a plurality of second positioning threaded holes penetrating through the body are uniformly formed in the middle part 2, and the second positioning threaded holes are used for being coaxially connected with at least the top part 1 and the first conical part 3;
a plurality of third positioning threaded holes penetrating through the body are uniformly formed in the first conical part 3, and the third positioning threaded holes are used for being coaxially connected with at least the middle part 2 and the second conical part 4;
and a plurality of fourth positioning threaded holes penetrating through the body are uniformly formed in the second conical part 4, and the fourth positioning threaded holes are at least coaxially connected with the first conical part 3 and the bottom part.
The connection mode of the above-mentioned several components can include: (1) first location screw hole, second location screw hole, third location screw hole and fourth location screw hole's quantity is 4, and evenly distributed is in each part, second location screw hole is run through to 4 connecting screw's one end, third location screw hole and fourth location screw hole, make middle part 2, first toper part 3 and 4 coaxial coupling of second toper part are as an organic whole, simultaneously again with follow-up part if bottom part is connected, the other end is connected with first location screw hole, with this also coaxial coupling together top part 1. (2) The number of the first positioning threaded holes and the number of the second positioning threaded holes are 4, and the number of the third positioning threaded holes and the number of the fourth positioning threaded holes are 8. Preparing 8 connecting screws, wherein 4 connecting screws are sequentially connected with a first positioning threaded hole, a second positioning threaded hole, a third positioning threaded hole and a fourth positioning threaded hole, and coaxially connecting the top part 1, the middle part 2, the first conical part 3 and the second conical part 4 into a whole; in addition, one end of each of the 4 connecting screw rods is sequentially connected with the remaining third positioning threaded hole and the remaining fourth positioning threaded hole, and the other end of each connecting screw rod is connected with the subsequent part, so that the connection between the first conical part 3 and the second conical part 4 is reinforced again, the connection firmness of the first conical part 3 and the second conical part 4 is improved, and the stability of the connection during working is improved. (3) The number of the second positioning threaded holes is 4, the number of the first positioning threaded holes, the number of the third positioning threaded holes and the number of the fourth positioning threaded holes are 8, 8 connecting screws are arranged, the 4 connecting screws are sequentially connected with the first positioning threaded holes, the second positioning threaded holes, the third positioning threaded holes and the fourth positioning threaded holes, and the top part 1, the middle part 2, the first conical part 3 and the second conical part 4 are coaxially connected into a whole; in addition, 4 connecting screws are sequentially connected with the first positioning threaded hole, the third positioning threaded hole and the fourth positioning threaded hole, and the top part 1, the first conical part 3 and the second conical part 4 are reinforced and connected again. The above three ways are only a few examples of the connection ways of the present invention for several components, and the positioning threaded holes that are sequentially and coaxially connected from top to bottom for the top component 1, the middle component 2, the first tapered component 3, and the second tapered component 4 can be implemented in the present invention, and the connection ways are all within the protection scope of the present invention, and are not described herein again.
The coaxial powder feeding device provided by the embodiment of the invention is a plurality of independent components which are connected into a whole in a layered matching mode, so that the powder feeding device and the laser are easy to ensure coaxiality, most parts have low requirements on processing technology, deep hole processing with angles is avoided, the yield is high, gaps in powder outlet can be greatly reduced compared with the prior art, and the processing cost is low. In addition, the layered matching is adopted, the problem that all parts are scrapped due to the damage of one part of the integrated machine is avoided, the parts are damaged and easy to replace, and manpower and material resources are saved.
In terms of specific implementation, the top part 1, the middle part 2, the first conical part 3 and the second conical part 4 may be assembled in the following way: an annular step groove is formed along the lower end of the top part 1, then the middle part 2 is sleeved on the top part 1 along the annular step groove, and a certain gap, namely a powder channel, is reserved between the middle part 2 and the outer peripheral wall of the top part 1 after the middle part 2 is sleeved on the top part 1; the first conical part 3 is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is disc-shaped, the lower part is cone-shaped, the disc-shaped upper part of the first conical part 3 is directly connected with the lower end surface of the top part 1, and then the cone-shaped lower part is sleeved inside the second conical part 4; the upper part of the second conical part 4 is also disc-shaped, the lower part is cone-shaped, when in connection, the upper part of the second conical part 4 is fixed with the upper part of the first conical part 3, and the lower part wraps the lower part of the first conical part 3 to form a conical contraction cavity 11 after combination.
Based on the above assembly, the powder mixing chamber 7 may be formed by forming an annular groove on the upper end surface of the middle member 2 and then combining with the lower end surface of the top member 1; or an annular groove can be formed in the upper end face of the middle part component 2 and the lower end face of the top part component 1, and the two annular grooves are formed after the two components are connected. An annular nesting component 8 is further arranged between the powder mixing chamber 7 and the axial port of the middle component 2, fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the nesting component according to the embodiment of the present invention, the nesting component 8 may be specifically mounted in a manner that an annular clamping groove is formed in an end surface of the middle component 2, and a bottom end of the nesting component 8 is clamped in the annular clamping groove. The diameter of the axle center opening of the upper end face of the first conical part 3 is equal to that of the axle center opening of the lower end face of the top part 1, so that the longitudinal powder feeding through hole 10 is over against a powder channel formed after the middle part 2 and the top part 1 are assembled, a plurality of transverse powder feeding through holes 9 are arranged on the circumferential wall face of the nested part 8, and the transverse powder feeding through holes 9 are communicated with the powder mixing chamber 7 and the powder channel.
Therefore, the powder feeding path of the embodiment of the invention is as follows: the powder flows in from 4 powder inlet holes 6 uniformly distributed on the upper end surface of the top part 1 and then vertically falls into a powder mixing chamber 7, the powder entering the powder mixing chamber 7 is decelerated by the obstruction of the front wall surface, and the dispersion at each position of the powder mixing chamber 7 is completed. Accomplish the first dispersion through transversely advancing powder through-hole 9, during powder falls into the powder passageway along transversely advancing powder through-hole 9 subsequently, receive narrow wall collision and slow down again for the powder keeps low-speed motion, then advances the powder aperture through vertically, is dispersed evenly, and the even powder of low-speed dispersion gets into toper shrink cavity 11 afterwards. At the moment, the powder speed is mainly provided by the compressed carrier gas, the powder moving speed is parallel to the angle of the conical contraction chamber 11, the divergence angle of the powder after leaving the outlet is reduced, and the powder is finally sprayed out from the outlet and converged into a high-concentration powder focus. The powder convergence focus of the conical contraction cavity 11 and the laser focus point of the laser cavity 5 are located at the same point and are finally heated and melted by laser to form a cladding layer.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention uses two front wall surfaces to decelerate the powder, and adopts two-stage powder-feeding procedures of the transverse powder-feeding through hole 9 and the longitudinal powder-feeding through hole 10 to uniformly disperse the powder, and accelerates the carrier gas to provide power for the powder through the tapered contraction chamber 11, thereby finally achieving the effects of small powder focus and high concentration. And the powder distribution procedure can improve the spatial distribution uniformity of the powder focus position, so that the surface roughness of the prepared coating is smaller.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first annular groove 12 is disposed on a lower end surface of the middle part 2, a second annular groove 13 is disposed on an upper end surface of the first conical part 3, and the first annular groove 12 and the second annular groove 13 are assembled to form a primary annular water-cooling chamber;
the top part 1 with all be provided with water injection hole 14 on the terminal surface of middle part 2, top part 1 with middle part 2 the water injection hole 14 communicates with each other and lets in one-level annular water-cooling chamber.
The lower end surface of the top part 1 is provided with a sealing rubber ring for isolating the water injection hole 14 from the powder mixing chamber 7. The lower end face of the middle part component 2 is further provided with two first sealing rings which are respectively arranged on two sides of the first annular groove 12 and used for isolating the primary annular water-cooling cavity from the outside.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the water injection hole 14 and the primary annular water-cooling chamber are arranged, so that the high temperature generated by the laser radiation when the first conical part 3 works can be effectively reduced, and the annular coaxial powder feeding device is protected. External environment can effectively be kept apart to sealing rubber circle and first sealing ring to and avoid water to get into powder mixing chamber 7 and cause the powder to rise and stick together, lead to sending the problem that powder route blockked up.
Meanwhile, a second sealing ring is arranged on the upper end face of the first conical part 3, a third sealing ring is arranged on the lower end face of the first conical part, and the second sealing ring is used for isolating the laser cavity 5 from the longitudinal powder feeding through hole 10; the third sealing ring serves to isolate the conical contraction chamber 11 from the outside. According to the embodiment of the invention, the sealing performance of each function of the whole device is greatly improved and the interference of the external environment is reduced by arranging the plurality of sealing rings. And because the sealing ring generally adopts silica gel or the wear-resisting elastic material of rubber class to make, can also strengthen the steadiness of connecting between each part.
In the prior art, because the powder feeding device for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, namely the powder feeding of the needle-type coaxial powder feeding device, is mainly realized by powder feeding, the powder source direction of the focus is limited by the number of the powder feeding needles, although an area with high powder concentration can be formed, the powder space distribution in the area is extremely uneven, and the surface roughness of the prepared coating is high. Because a large amount of rebound powder exists in the process of preparing the coating by the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology, the rebound powder is easy to adhere to the bottom and the outer surface of the powder outlet, and the phenomenon that the powder is blocked at the powder outlet and key components such as powder injection and the like are burnt and damaged to cause production stop often occurs by using a needle type coaxial powder feeding device.
In view of the above problems, after careful study and experiments, the inventor of the present invention also provided that the coaxial powder feeding device according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a bottom member 15 installed at the lower end of the second conical member 4, the bottom member 15 and the second conical member 4 are combined to form an annular air chamber 16, and an outlet of the annular air chamber 16 is higher than the lower end surface of the second conical member 4;
the end faces of the top part 1, the middle part 2, the first conical part 3 and the second conical part 4 are all provided with vent holes 17 which vertically penetrate through the body, and the vent holes 17 of the top part 1, the middle part 2, the first conical part 3 and the second conical part 4 are communicated in sequence and are communicated with the annular air chamber 16. Referring to fig. 7a, there is shown a schematic perspective view of a base member 15 according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 7b, there is shown a schematic perspective view of a cross-section of a base member 15 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Through the aforesaid setting, gas loops through top part 1, middle part 2, air vent 17 on first toper part 3 and the second toper part 4 gets into annular air chamber 16 perpendicularly, gas receives compression effect back and forms annular air curtain in the exit, annular air chamber 16 export is higher than the lower terminal surface of second toper part 4, thereby make the lower terminal surface lower part of annular air curtain parcel second toper part 4 easily glue the surface and the lower terminal surface of bounce-back powder, when bounce-back powder gets into the air curtain region, receive the air current effect, thereby blow away it, reach the purpose of protection powder feeding device, with this probability that powder outlet department blocks up powder that can greatly reduced.
In addition, the coaxial powder feeding device of the embodiment of the invention further comprises a water-cooling shell 18 mounted at the lower end of the bottom part 15, the lowest point of the water-cooling shell 18 is higher than the lower end surface of the second conical part 4, and the water-cooling shell 18 and the bottom part 15 are assembled to form a secondary annular water-cooling chamber 19;
and a water inlet 20 and a water outlet 21 are arranged on the outer wall of the water-cooling shell 18, and the water inlet 20 and the water outlet 21 are respectively communicated with the second-stage annular water-cooling chamber 19. Referring to fig. 8a, a schematic perspective view of a water-cooled housing 18 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; referring to fig. 8b, a schematic perspective view of a cross section of the water-cooled housing 18 according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the secondary annular water-cooling chamber 19 is arranged, cooling water flows in from the water inlet 20 and flows out from the water outlet 21, so that the temperature of the outer surface of the powder feeding device close to a processing area can be effectively reduced, and the effect of protecting the powder feeding device is achieved. The lowest point of the water-cooled housing 18 is higher than the lower end surface of the second conical member 4, which further reduces the problem of adhesion of the rebounding powder.
The lower terminal surface of bottom part 15 is provided with the fourth sealing ring, the up end of water-cooling shell 18 is provided with the fifth sealing ring, the fourth sealing ring with the fifth sealing ring is used for making second grade annular water-cooling cavity 19 keeps apart with the external world. According to the embodiment of the invention, the sealing performance of the secondary annular water-cooling cavity 19 is greatly improved and the external environment interference is reduced by arranging the plurality of sealing rings.
A plurality of positioning holes are uniformly distributed on the upper end surface of the water-cooling shell 18, and the positioning holes are used for coaxially connecting the first conical part 3 and the second conical part 4. The positioning holes on the water-cooled shell 18 are directly connected with the first conical part 3 and the second conical part 4, so that the stability of the water-cooled shell 18 during working can be further improved.
The annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultra-high speed laser cladding provided by the invention is described in detail, a specific example is applied in the description to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultra-high speed laser cladding, which is characterized by comprising:
the laser comprises a laser optical system, and a top component (1), a middle component (2), a first conical component (3) and a second conical component (4) which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the axis openings of the top component (1), the middle component (2), the first conical component (3) and the second conical component (4) are communicated to form a laser cavity (5), wherein:
the axial center port of the top part (1) is coaxially connected with the laser optical system, a plurality of powder inlet holes (6) are formed in the upper end face of the top part (1), and the powder inlet holes (6) vertically penetrate through the top part (1);
the upper end surface of the middle part (2) and the lower end surface of the top part (1) are combined to form a powder mixing chamber (7), and the powder mixing chamber (7) is communicated with the powder inlet hole (6); an annular nesting component (8) is further arranged between the powder mixing chamber (7) and the axis port of the middle component (2), and a plurality of transverse powder inlet through holes (9) are formed in the circumferential wall surface of the nesting component (8);
the upper end surface of the first conical part (3) is also provided with a plurality of longitudinal powder feeding through holes (10), and the longitudinal powder feeding through holes (10) are distributed annularly along the edge of the axial center opening of the first conical part (3) and are communicated with the transverse powder feeding through holes (9);
the second conical part (4) and the first conical part (3) are combined to form a conical contraction cavity (11), the conical contraction cavity (11) is communicated with the longitudinal powder feeding through hole (10), and a powder converging point of the conical contraction cavity (11) and a laser focusing point of the laser cavity (5) are positioned at the same point;
the bottom part (15) is arranged at the lower end of the second conical part (4), the bottom part (15) and the second conical part (4) are combined to form an annular air chamber (16), and the outlet of the annular air chamber (16) is higher than the lower end surface of the second conical part (4);
the end faces of the top part (1), the middle part (2), the first conical part (3) and the second conical part (4) are provided with vent holes (17) which vertically penetrate through the body, and the vent holes (17) of the top part (1), the middle part (2), the first conical part (3) and the second conical part (4) are communicated in sequence and communicated with the annular air chamber (16).
2. The annular coaxial powder feeding device according to claim 1, wherein a first annular groove (12) is formed in the lower end face of the middle part (2), a second annular groove (13) is formed in the upper end face of the first conical part (3), and the first annular groove (12) and the second annular groove (13) are assembled to form a primary annular water cooling chamber;
the water injection device is characterized in that the top part (1) and the middle part (2) are provided with water injection holes (14) on the end faces, the top part (1) and the middle part (2) are communicated with each other through the water injection holes (14) and are communicated with the primary annular water-cooling cavity.
3. Annular coaxial powder feeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower end face of the top part (1) is provided with a sealing rubber ring for isolating the water injection hole (14) from the powder mixing chamber (7).
4. The annular coaxial powder feeding device according to claim 2, wherein the lower end surface of the middle part (2) is further provided with two first sealing rings which are respectively arranged at two sides of the first annular groove (12) and used for isolating the primary annular water-cooling chamber from the outside.
5. The annular coaxial powder feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the upper end surface of the first conical part (3) is provided with a second sealing ring, and the lower end surface is provided with a third sealing ring, the second sealing ring is used for isolating the laser chamber (5) and the longitudinal powder feeding through hole (10); the third sealing ring is used for isolating the conical contraction cavity (11) from the outside.
6. The annular coaxial powder feeding device according to claim 1, further comprising a water-cooled housing (18) mounted at the lower end of the bottom part (15), wherein the lowest point of the water-cooled housing (18) is higher than the lower end surface of the second conical part (4), and the water-cooled housing (18) and the bottom part (15) form a secondary annular water-cooled chamber (19) after being assembled;
and a water inlet (20) and a water outlet (21) are arranged on the outer wall of the water-cooling shell (18), and the water inlet (20) and the water outlet (21) are respectively communicated with the second-stage annular water-cooling chamber (19).
7. Annular coaxial powder feeding device according to claim 6, characterized in that the lower end face of the bottom part (15) is provided with a fourth sealing ring, the upper end face of the water-cooled housing (18) is provided with a fifth sealing ring, and the fourth and fifth sealing rings are used for isolating the secondary annular water-cooled chamber (19) from the outside.
8. The annular coaxial powder feeding device according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of positioning holes are uniformly distributed on the upper end surface of the water-cooled shell (18), and the positioning holes are used for coaxially connecting the first conical part (3) and the second conical part (4).
9. The annular coaxial powder feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the top member (1) is provided at an upper end surface thereof with a plurality of connection positioning screw holes for coaxial connection with the laser optical system.
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| CN201910436560.4A CN110055528B (en) | 2019-05-23 | 2019-05-23 | Annular coaxial powder feeding device for ultra-high-speed laser cladding |
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| CN111254431B (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2022-03-18 | 浙江工业大学 | Light-powder co-path powder feeding nozzle for atmosphere protection |
| CN111411355A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-14 | 天津大学 | Conical powder feeding device for ultrahigh-speed plasma cladding and ultrahigh-speed plasma cladding method |
| CN111519183A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-11 | 苏州大学 | Laser ultra-high-speed cladding head, laser ultra-high-speed cladding system and laser ultra-high-speed cladding method |
| CN116043211A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-05-02 | 成都青石激光科技有限公司 | Small inner hole laser cladding nozzle |
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| CN2510502Y (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2002-09-11 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Laser coating coaxial powder-delivery nozzle |
| US20050056628A1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-03-17 | Yiping Hu | Coaxial nozzle design for laser cladding/welding process |
| CN201190183Y (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-02-04 | 北京工业大学 | Coaxial powder-feeding system for laser fusion and coating |
| JP2012192436A (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2012-10-11 | Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute | Laser cladding method |
| CN202367348U (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-08-08 | 苏州大学 | Laser processing inside-laser coaxial wire feed sprayer |
| CN103484856B (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-06-17 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Wide-band laser cladding powder feeding head |
| CN109234730B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2020-07-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Precise coaxial powder feeding type laser cladding nozzle |
| CN109604594B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2021-05-18 | 西安航天发动机有限公司 | Coaxial powder feeding head device for laser repair of shell castings |
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