CN111253185A - Method for preparing foliar fertilizer by using Ascophyllum nodosum as raw material and foliar fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for preparing foliar fertilizer by using Ascophyllum nodosum as raw material and foliar fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111253185A CN111253185A CN202010164053.2A CN202010164053A CN111253185A CN 111253185 A CN111253185 A CN 111253185A CN 202010164053 A CN202010164053 A CN 202010164053A CN 111253185 A CN111253185 A CN 111253185A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a foliar fertilizer by using Ascophyllum nodosum as a raw material and the foliar fertilizer, and relates to the technical field of preparation of fertilizers. The preparation method comprises the following steps: the compound enzyme preparation can effectively destroy the cell structure of the Ascophyllum nodosum, decompose the cell wall, expose active ingredients in the cells, improve the extraction efficiency of effective substances, decompose macromolecular substances into foliar fertilizer which is more beneficial to absorption and utilization of crops and improve the fertilizer efficiency. The leaf surface fertilizer is prepared by mixing the leaf soaking algae extract with monopotassium phosphate and sugar alcohol chelated calcium, and can be quickly absorbed by crops, comprehensively supplement the nutrition of the crops, improve the growth condition of the crops, and improve the stress resistance and the yield quality of the crops when being sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to preparation of a foliar fertilizer.
Background
The ocean is a huge resource treasury on the earth, and the development and utilization of ocean resources are a major issue in the 21 st century. Algae are an important resource in the ocean. The algae can be classified into brown algae, green algae, red algae, etc. The application range is very wide, the method covers a plurality of fields of food, medicine, chemical industry, health care, feed, fertilizer and the like, and the method is an important battlefield for developing ocean resources.
The method comprises the steps of firstly adding ice water into Chinese yam, pulping, adding compound enzyme, performing enzymolysis, then introducing carbon dioxide, continuing heat preservation and enzymolysis to obtain Chinese yam pulp, and performing vacuum concentration to obtain Chinese yam concentrated pulp; adding carnauba wax and alginate into the yam concentrated pulp, and uniformly stirring to prepare a mixed solution; mixing humic acid, ternary compound fertilizer, snail slime extract, sophorolipid and glycerol, adding water, and stirring to obtain mixture; slowly adding the mixture into the mixed solution, heating at a certain temperature, stirring, and homogenizing. The foliar fertilizer can ensure that wheat in arid regions is normally filled with the foliar fertilizer, improve the thousand seed weight, increase the yield per mu and improve the grain fullness of the wheat.
CN110776375A discloses a leaf fertilizer for rice, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of urea, 7-9 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-6 parts of boric acid, 1-5 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 1-3 parts of calcium nitrate, 1-3 parts of chelated trace elements, 10-12 parts of bean dreg extracting solution, 10-14 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of bactericide, 3-6 parts of bentonite and 40-50 parts of water. The rice foliar fertilizer has excellent effects on low temperature resistance, lodging resistance and physiological disease prevention, and is not easy to have the phenomena of grain shrinkage and disease grain; the rice crop using the rice foliar fertilizer has a great amount of improvement in yield, the growth period of the rice crop is reduced, and the growth efficiency of the crop is improved.
The prior art makes relevant researches on preparation methods of different foliar fertilizers, but the foliar fertilizers in the prior art have the characteristics of incomplete functions and insignificant fertilizer effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of incomplete functions and insignificant fertilizer effect of the leaf fertilizer in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing the leaf fertilizer by taking ascophyllum nodosum as a raw material, and the leaf fertilizer can effectively regulate the growth vigor of crops, has obvious fertilizer effect and complete functions.
The technical solution comprises:
the method for preparing the foliar fertilizer is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps of:
a. the raw materials are cleaned, and then the raw materials are washed,
selecting Ascophyllum nodosum as a raw material, cleaning and draining the raw material to obtain pure Ascophyllum nodosum fragments;
b. the raw materials are crushed into powder, and then are mixed,
b, crushing the soaked leaf algae fragments obtained in the step a by using a crusher, and sieving to obtain soaked leaf algae powder;
c. carrying out enzymolysis on the raw materials,
b, adding a certain amount of water into the soaked leaf algae powder obtained in the step b, heating to a certain temperature, adjusting the pH, adding a certain amount of complex enzyme preparation, and stirring for enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
d. leaching the mixture by hot water, and leaching the mixture,
adding water into the enzymolysis liquid to keep the mass ratio of the soaked leaf algae powder to the water in the enzymolysis liquid at 1:60-100, heating and stirring, then filtering and collecting filtrate;
e. the mixture is concentrated and precipitated to obtain the precipitate,
concentrating the filtrate obtained in the step d to obtain a concentrated solution, adding ethanol into the concentrated solution, standing, centrifuging, and collecting a precipitate;
f. the mixture is dissolved and then is added with water,
adding a certain amount of water into the precipitate to prepare 15-20% of Ascophyllum nodosum extract solution;
g. the components are compounded and then mixed,
and uniformly mixing the soaked leaf algae extract solution, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sugar alcohol chelated calcium according to a certain ratio to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, in the step a, clear water with the mass 6-10 times of that of raw material Ascophyllum nodosum is added into the raw material Ascophyllum nodosum to stir and clean the Ascophyllum nodosum, the stirring time is 10-30min, the cleaning is repeated for 2-3 times, and then the cleaned Ascophyllum nodosum is drained.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step b, the Ascophyllum nodosum powder is collected after sieving with a 80-mesh sieve.
Preferably, the compound enzyme preparation is one or the combination of at least two of pectinase, papain, cellulose and seaweed gel lyase, and the dosage of the compound enzyme preparation is 3-7% of the weight of the crushed dunaliella powder.
Further preferably, the compound enzyme preparation is papain and cellulase, and the mass ratio of the papain to the cellulase is 1: 1; the enzymolysis temperature is 50-55 deg.C, the enzymolysis pH is 5.5-7.0, and the enzymolysis time is 6-8 h.
More preferably, in the step d, the stirring temperature is 60-90 ℃ and the stirring time is 6-10 h.
Further preferably, in the step e, ethanol is added into the concentrated solution to ensure that the concentration of the ethanol is 40-80%, after sufficient circulation, the standing temperature is 2-5 ℃, the centrifugal treatment is carried out after standing for 20-30h, and the centrifugal rotation speed is 4000-8000 revolutions.
Furthermore, the weight ratio of the Ascophyllum nodosum extract solution to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the sugar alcohol chelated calcium is 90-110:1-10:5-15 in sequence.
The invention also aims to provide the foliar fertilizer.
The foliar fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
90-110 parts of a paulophyllum extract solution, 1-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 5-15 parts of sugar alcohol chelated calcium.
Further preferably, the raw materials comprise, by weight:
100 parts of a paulophyllum extract solution, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 parts of sugar alcohol chelated calcium.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) the invention takes the Ascophyllum nodosum as a raw material, which is rich in biological active substances such as algal polysaccharides, mannitol, phenols, alginates, brown algae polyphenols, fucoidin, cytokinin, gibberellin and the like, and is also rich in a large amount of marine mineral elements, thereby being a classic raw material for processing seaweed fertilizers;
(2) the leaf fertilizer is prepared by respectively carrying out cleaning, crushing, enzymolysis, hot water extraction, concentration, ethanol precipitation, dissolution and compounding processes, wherein the previous steps mainly comprise steps of biological enzymolysis and hot water extraction to extract seaweed active components from the Ascophyllum nodosum, wherein the seaweed active components contain rich nutrient substances, and additional addition of trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like is avoided.
(3) In the preparation method, the Ascophyllum nodosum is cleaned firstly, so that salt and impurities attached to the surface of the alga are effectively avoided, and the adverse effects on the subsequent process and the fertilizer efficiency of the product are avoided.
(4) The complex enzyme preparation can effectively destroy the cell structure of the Ascophyllum nodosum, decompose the cell wall, expose active ingredients in the cells, improve the extraction efficiency of effective substances, decompose macromolecular substances into the active ingredients which are more beneficial to the absorption and utilization of crops, and improve the fertilizer efficiency of the foliar fertilizer. The hot water extraction can release active ingredients in cells into the solution gently, and avoid the active ingredients from being damaged greatly.
The seaweed foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing the extract of the ascophyllum nodosum with monopotassium phosphate and sugar alcohol chelated calcium, contains a large amount of seaweed active ingredients and also contains large and medium elements such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium and the like. The fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of crops, can be quickly absorbed by the crops, fully supplements the nutrition of the crops, improves the growth condition of the crops, and improves the stress resistance and the yield and quality of the crops.
The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, short preparation period, low energy consumption, high extraction efficiency and the like.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for preparing a foliar fertilizer by using Ascophyllum nodosum as a raw material and the foliar fertilizer, and the invention is explained in detail by combining specific embodiments in order to make the advantages and technical scheme of the invention clearer and clearer.
The raw materials of the invention can be purchased from commercial sources.
Example 1:
the method for preparing the seaweed foliar fertilizer by taking the ascophyllum nodosum as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning: selecting dry paulownia zostera marina fragments with a certain mass, adding clear water with the mass 6 times of the dry paulownia zostera marina fragments, stirring at the stirring speed of 20r/min for 20min, repeating for 2 times, discharging the clear water, and draining to obtain clean paulownia zostera marina fragments;
(2) crushing: crushing the soaked-leafed algae fragments obtained in the step (1) by using a crusher, and sieving by using a 80-mesh sieve to obtain soaked-leafed algae powder;
(3) enzymolysis: adding clear water with the mass 10 times of that of the Ascophyllum nodosum powder obtained in the step (2), stirring at the rotating speed of 40r/min, heating to 50 ℃, adjusting the pH to 5.5, adding a complex enzyme preparation (the formula is papain: cellulase 1:1) with the weight 3% of the Ascophyllum nodosum powder, carrying out enzymolysis for 6 hours, and heating to 60 ℃ to stop the enzymolysis;
(4) hot water leaching: and (4) continuously adding water into the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step (3), and finally enabling the mass ratio of the soaked leaf algae powder to the water to be 1:60, heating to 60 ℃, stirring at the rotating speed of 30r/min for 6 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
(5) concentration: concentrating the filtrate obtained in the step (4) to 20% of the original volume by using a concentration device;
(6) ethanol precipitation: adding ethanol into the liquid obtained in the step (5) to enable the final concentration of the ethanol to be 40%, fully circulating, standing for 24 hours at the temperature of 4 ℃, and centrifuging at 4000 revolutions to obtain a precipitate;
(7) dissolving: adding a proper amount of clear water into the precipitate obtained in the step (6) to prepare 15% of a phyllanthus urinaria extract solution;
(8) compounding: according to the extract solution of the Ascophyllum nodosum: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: sugar alcohol chelated calcium-90: 5: 15 to obtain the seaweed foliar fertilizer.
Example 2:
the method for preparing the seaweed foliar fertilizer by taking the ascophyllum nodosum as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning: selecting dry paulownia zostera marina fragments with a certain mass, adding clear water with the mass being 8 times of that of the dry paulownia zostera marina fragments, stirring at the stirring speed of 30r/min for 20min, repeating the stirring for 2 times, discharging the clear water, and draining to obtain clean paulownia zostera marina fragments;
(2) crushing: crushing the soaked-leafed algae fragments obtained in the step (1) by using a crusher, and sieving by using a 80-mesh sieve to obtain soaked-leafed algae powder;
(3) enzymolysis: adding clear water with the mass being 12 times of that of the soaked-leaf algae powder obtained in the step (2), stirring at the rotating speed of 50r/min, heating to 55 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 6, adding a complex enzyme preparation (the formula is alginate lyase: cellulase: 1) with the weight being 5% of the soaked-leaf algae powder, carrying out enzymolysis for 7 hours, and heating to 60 ℃ to terminate the enzymolysis;
(4) hot water leaching: and (4) continuously adding water into the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step (3), and finally enabling the mass ratio of the soaked leaf algae powder to the water to be 1: 70, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for 7 hours at the rotating speed of 40r/min, and filtering to keep filtrate;
(5) concentration: concentrating the filtrate obtained in the step (4) to 20% of the original volume by using a concentration device;
(6) ethanol precipitation: adding ethanol into the liquid obtained in the step (5) to enable the final concentration of the ethanol to be 60%, standing for 24 hours at 4 ℃ after full circulation, and centrifuging at 6000 revolutions to obtain a precipitate;
(7) dissolving: adding a proper amount of clear water into the precipitate obtained in the step (6) to prepare a 20% Ascophyllum nodosum extract solution;
(8) compounding: according to the extract solution of the Ascophyllum nodosum: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: sugar alcohol chelated calcium 110: 1: 10 to obtain the seaweed foliar fertilizer.
Example 3:
the method for preparing the seaweed foliar fertilizer by taking the ascophyllum nodosum as a raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning: selecting dry paulownia zostera marina fragments with a certain mass, adding clear water with the mass 6 times of the dry paulownia zostera marina fragments, stirring at the stirring speed of 20r/min for 20min, repeating for 2 times, discharging the clear water, and draining to obtain clean paulownia zostera marina fragments;
(2) crushing: crushing the soaked-leafed algae fragments obtained in the step (1) by using a crusher, and sieving by using a 80-mesh sieve to obtain soaked-leafed algae powder;
(3) enzymolysis: adding clear water 15 times the mass of the soaked algae powder obtained in the step (2), stirring at a rotating speed of 50r/min, heating to 55 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6.5, adding a complex enzyme preparation (the formula is papain: cellulase 1:1) 7% of the weight of the soaked algae powder, performing enzymolysis for 8 hours, and heating to 60 ℃ to stop the enzymolysis;
(4) hot water leaching: and (4) continuously adding water into the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step (3), and finally enabling the mass ratio of the soaked leaf algae powder to the water to be 1: 80, heating to 80 ℃, stirring at the rotating speed of 40r/min for 8 hours, and filtering to keep filtrate;
(5) concentration: concentrating the filtrate obtained in the step (4) to 20% of the original volume by using a concentration device;
(6) ethanol precipitation: adding ethanol into the liquid obtained in the step (5) to enable the final concentration of the ethanol to be 80%, standing for 24 hours at the temperature of 4 ℃ after full circulation, and centrifuging at 8000 rpm to obtain a precipitate;
(7) dissolving: adding a proper amount of clear water into the precipitate obtained in the step (6) to prepare a 20% Ascophyllum nodosum extract solution;
(8) compounding: according to the extract solution of the Ascophyllum nodosum: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: sugar alcohol chelated calcium-100: 5: 10 to obtain the seaweed foliar fertilizer.
The leaf fertilizer prepared by the embodiment of the invention is subjected to a verification experiment.
The experimental site: zhang Jiajia Zhen grape base of Qingdao Ming Yuan Lanhai Biotech limited company
Experiment time: 5 months in 2019-10 months in 2019
Experimental crops: crissen seedless grapes
Experiment design: in the same region, 4 rows of 6-year-old Kerison seedless grape vines with the growth vigor consistent are selected, 20 grape vines are planted in the east-west row direction, the plant-row spacing is 1.3m multiplied by 3.5m, and the grape vines are cultivated in a small shed. Each row of grapes is a group, 4 groups are provided, and are respectively marked as A, B, a and B, wherein A, B is an experimental group, leaves are sprayed with the seaweed foliar fertilizer of example 3, and a and B are control groups, and leaves are sprayed with the conventional foliar fertilizer. The foliar fertilization is carried out for 4 times, and the specific time is as follows: 10 days before blossom (No. 5 month 12), young fruit expansion period (No. 6 month 6), second expansion period (No. 7 month 11), and 20 days before fruit harvest (No. 8 month 27). Except for foliar fertilization, other fertilizer application and farming operation are the same. The plant growth status was observed 4 days after each foliar fertilization, and the fruit status was observed at harvest.
And (4) verification result:
(1) the blade state: A. the plant leaves of the group B are tough and flat, bright green and bright, and clear in veins; a. the b group of leaves have uneven growth, thin leaves, light color, yellowing in the later period and leaf falling. On the 4 th day after each foliar fertilization, grapevines with consistent growth conditions are selected in each experimental area, 3-4-node mature leaves (representing leaves with most leaf colors) at the base part are selected, a SPAD-502 type chlorophyll meter is used for detecting chlorophyll indexes, 10 leaves (repeated for 3 times) are randomly detected in each group, 30 leaves are detected in total, then an average value is taken, experimental data are shown in a table 1, and as can be seen from the table 1, the chlorophyll content of the leaves can be improved by spraying the zostera marina foliar fertilizer, and the effect is more remarkable than that of a conventional foliar fertilizer.
TABLE 1 Effect of different foliar applications on leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of Kerison grape in each growth phase
(2) Plant state: A. the plants in the group B are healthy and uniform in growth, and internodes are 8-10cm in width; a. the b group plants have uneven growth, the phenomena of vigorous growth and excessive growth and weak tree vigor exist, the internode length is uneven, the longest is 22cm, and the shortest is 5 cm.
(3) Fruit state: A. the fruits of the group B are uniform in size, have regular fruit shape strings, are colored completely early, and have no fruit cracking or fruit dropping; a. the fruits in the group b have large and small fruits and deformed fruits, are not uniformly colored slowly, have serious fruit drop in the middle period and have a large number of fruit cracking and rotting phenomena.
According to the invention, the prepared seaweed foliar fertilizer has obvious fertilizer effect and comprehensive functions, can effectively adjust the growth potential of crops, and reduces the phenomena of excessive growth or weakness; protecting the leaves, improving the health state of the leaves and improving the photosynthesis efficiency; the fruit quality is improved.
The parts which are not described in the invention can be realized by taking the prior art as reference.
It should be noted that: any equivalents or obvious modifications thereof which may occur to persons skilled in the art and which are given the benefit of this description are deemed to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for preparing the foliar fertilizer is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps of:
a. the raw materials are cleaned, and then the raw materials are washed,
selecting Ascophyllum nodosum as a raw material, cleaning and draining the raw material to obtain pure Ascophyllum nodosum fragments;
b. the raw materials are crushed into powder, and then are mixed,
b, crushing the soaked leaf algae fragments obtained in the step a by using a crusher, and sieving to obtain soaked leaf algae powder;
c. carrying out enzymolysis on the raw materials,
b, adding a certain amount of water into the soaked leaf algae powder obtained in the step b, heating to a certain temperature, adjusting the pH, adding a certain amount of complex enzyme preparation, and stirring for enzymolysis to obtain an enzymolysis liquid;
d. leaching the mixture by hot water, and leaching the mixture,
adding water into the enzymolysis liquid to keep the mass ratio of the soaked leaf algae powder to the water in the enzymolysis liquid at 1:60-100, heating and stirring, then filtering and collecting filtrate;
e. the mixture is concentrated and precipitated to obtain the precipitate,
concentrating the filtrate obtained in the step d to obtain a concentrated solution, adding ethanol into the concentrated solution, standing, centrifuging, and collecting a precipitate;
f. the mixture is dissolved and then is added with water,
adding a certain amount of water into the precipitate to prepare 15-20% of Ascophyllum nodosum extract solution;
g. the components are compounded and then mixed,
and uniformly mixing the soaked leaf algae extract solution, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sugar alcohol chelated calcium according to a certain ratio to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
2. A process for the preparation of foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the step a, clear water with the mass 6-10 times of that of raw material Ascophyllum nodosum is added into the raw material Ascophyllum nodosum to stir and clean the Ascophyllum nodosum, the stirring time is 10-30min, the cleaning is repeated for 2-3 times, and then the cleaned Ascophyllum nodosum is drained.
3. A process for the preparation of foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and in the step b, the soaked algae powder is collected after being screened by a 80-mesh sieve.
4. A process for the preparation of foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the step c, the compound enzyme preparation is one or the combination of at least two of pectinase, papain, cellulose and seaweed gel lyase, and the dosage of the compound enzyme preparation is 3-7% of the weight of the crushed dunaliella powder.
5. A process for the preparation of foliar fertilizers as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the compound enzyme preparation is papain and cellulase, and the mass ratio of the papain to the cellulase is 1: 1; the enzymolysis temperature is 50-55 deg.C, the enzymolysis pH is 5.5-7.0, and the enzymolysis time is 6-8 h.
6. A process for the preparation of foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the step d, the stirring temperature is 60-90 ℃, and the stirring time is 6-10 h.
7. A process for the preparation of foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the step e, ethanol is added into the concentrated solution to ensure that the concentration of the ethanol is 40-80%, after full circulation, the standing temperature is 2-5 ℃, the centrifugal treatment is carried out after standing for 20-30h, and the centrifugal rotating speed is 4000-8000 revolutions.
8. A process for the preparation of foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the weight ratio of the Ascophyllum nodosum extract solution to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the sugar alcohol chelated calcium is 90-110:1-10:5-15 in sequence.
9. The foliar fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
90-110 parts of a paulophyllum extract solution, 1-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 5-15 parts of sugar alcohol chelated calcium.
10. A foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 9 wherein: the weight parts of the raw materials are as follows:
100 parts of a paulophyllum extract solution, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 parts of sugar alcohol chelated calcium.
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| CN113880648A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-01-04 | 上海佑润园林工程有限公司 | Plant nutrient for preventing plant leaves from yellowing and falling |
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| CN116874321A (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2023-10-13 | 广州优卡思农业技术有限公司 | Method for preparing seaweed liquid fertilizer by using seaweed |
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