CN111248361B - Chicken feed capable of increasing yolk chromaticity and realizing accurate ingredients of fermented pigment - Google Patents
Chicken feed capable of increasing yolk chromaticity and realizing accurate ingredients of fermented pigment Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a chicken feed capable of increasing yolk chromaticity and realizing accurate dosing of a fermented pigment, and belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation feed production. The monascus pigment material in the laying hen feed is produced by monascus bacteria through a liquid fermentation method, and the chemical structure and content stability of monascus yellow pigment and monascus orange pigment in the monascus pigment material are protected through a series of key technologies and measures. The monascus pigment material can be added into feed according to a certain proportion after color value measurement, wherein the color value of monascus yellow pigment in the feed is 0.4-10KU/Kg, the color value of red Qu Chengse pigment is 0.4-12KU/Kg, and the color value of monascus red pigment is 1-15KU/Kg. The feed of the invention can improve the chromaticity value of egg yolk (raw yolk and cooked yolk) of eggs when being used for feeding laying hens in a certain growth stage. The invention discloses the effect of the variety and the addition amount of monascus pigment on improving the quality of eggs, and can realize the accurate blending of the laying hen feed, thereby achieving the effect of stably and effectively improving the yolk chromaticity of the laying hens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a chicken feed capable of increasing yolk chromaticity and realizing accurate dosing of fermented pigment, belonging to the technical field of biological fermentation feed production.
Background
Eggs are the most common nutritional food rich in protein, and have huge demands at home and abroad. The color shade of eggshells and egg yolk is one of the key points of consumer interest. Wherein the yolk color is formed by fat-soluble pigments deposited into the yolk during egg formation. Because modern chicken farms adopt a centralized feeding mode, the sources of natural pigments in the layer feed mainly come from two aspects, namely from feed raw materials such as corns; on the other hand from the added pigments. Sometimes, in terms of cost and the like, the natural pigment in the feed of the laying hens is possibly insufficient, and the laying hens cannot obtain enough natural pigment, so that the chroma of egg yolk is low.
The addition of pigments to the layers that meet food and feed specifications and food safety is a common practice in the layer farm, which is permitted. The additive for increasing color of the laying hen feed commonly used in the current market is chemically synthesized and natural; partial chemical synthesis, low-cost pigment use amount and good coloring effect, but has the problems that some pigments are chemically synthesized pigments and are not accepted by consumers; after some pigments are taken by the laying hens, the color of yolk is not stable enough, and especially the color of yolk after being boiled can fade in a short time. Some natural pigments have high price and unstable color tone.
The monascus fermentation can be used for producing various natural pigments such as red rice, red yeast rice red, red Qu Huanghe red yeast rice orange and the like, and the pigments have the functions of color enhancement, sterilization and antioxidation, and are safe pigments for human consumption. The red rice product is used as feed additive for chickens, ducks, pigs and cattle, is reported in literature and patents in more than ten years, is mainly embodied in the laying hen feed, can increase the chromaticity of yolk, improve the laying rate and the like. Including the use of different red rice products (such as red rice products or cultures obtained by inoculating red rice bacteria on some raw materials) or the use of different red rice additives to increase yolk chromaticity. At present, no example of the large-scale application of the monascus pigment to the laying hen egg duck feed exists at home and abroad, but the use of the monascus pigment in the laying hen egg duck feed in the near future is expected to be driven by great potential, and the method has wide prospect.
Although there are some literature on the use of red rice products as pigment additives for chicken and duck feeds, there is at least one of the following drawbacks:
(1) The existing adding modes are high in cost or are not suitable for a feed system:
red yeast fermented feed for laying hens is divided into two types, namely feed additives and fermented feed. The red yeast rice which is produced or purchased by researchers is added into the feed; the fermented feed type is to put red yeast rice seeds into a fermentation raw material for solid state fermentation, but is not suitable for producing pigment by solid state fermentation due to the mode of feed fermentation and the characteristics of the feed raw material.
(2) None of the pigment types in the red rice product in the feed are explicitly mentioned:
it has been reported that, in either homemade or outsourced red rice products, the use of red rice or red rice pigments is mostly mentioned in general, and it is not explicitly mentioned which type of pigments are in the red rice products in the feed.
(3) The qualitative and quantitative method for pigment is lacking:
in the aspect of quantification of monascus pigment, the content of monascus pigment in the feed is also more particularly the pineapple horns, which are clearly mentioned in various patents and literature.
At present, the most definite literature on the aspect of the quality and the quantification of monascus pigment in feed is as follows: li Yongning is prepared by inoculating monascus seed and bacillus subtilis seed into feed raw material, and performing solid state fermentation, wherein only red color value of monascus is 800u/g (Li Yongning, zhu Hongyang, wu, lianjian, application of a microbial fermented feed rich in monascus pigment in laying hen cultivation, and food and feed industry, 2015, 2:52-54). The feed is used in chicken feed in an amount of 0.5%. However, the document mentions whether the color value of the fermented feed containing monascus pigment prepared by directly inoculating monascus seeds and bacillus subtilis seeds into feed raw materials and performing solid state fermentation can produce qualified feed and the color value of 800u/g is reached.
It is reported by Jinhua lotus and the like that 0.5-1.0% of monascus-traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation (mainly comprising monascus powder and prepared by compatibility of yam, medicated leaven, hawthorn and red date) is added into daily ration of laying hens, so that eggshell thickness can be obviously enhanced, eggshell red color (CIEa) can be deepened, yolk red color (CIEb) can be reduced, and the monascus powder is prepared by fermenting monascus with a long-shaped rice culture medium and then drying the fermented monascus powder to obtain powder. The optimal addition amount of the monascus-traditional Chinese medicine composite preparation is 0.5 percent. However, the kind and content (such as color value) of the pigment related to the red rice powder are not mentioned. [ Jinhua lotus, dong Yuying, zhang Min, liang Chengyun. Influence of Monascus purpureus-traditional Chinese medicine composite preparation on laying hen productivity and egg conventional quality. Innovative university agronomic report, 2012, (34) 4:293-298.]. Moreover, the monascus-traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation mentioned in the document only has the function of deepening the eggshell red color.
(4) The red yeast pigment has various types and large property difference, and the red yeast pigment in different red yeast products has large difference:
the monascus product is used for laying hen feed, and mainly uses monascus pigment. Monascus pigments are a wide variety, with monascus pigments reported to be as many as one hundred in variety; the types of hues are classified into three categories, namely, red pigment, yellow pigment and orange pigment. The three types of monascus pigments of red, yellow and orange are fat-soluble (yellow and orange pigments are mostly fat-soluble), and water-soluble (monascus red pigments are mostly water-soluble). Since the yolk color is mainly formed by the deposition of fat-soluble pigments into the yolk during egg formation. Thus, some monascus pigments have a beneficial effect on improving the color of egg yolk, while some do not necessarily have this effect. In addition, the pigment types produced by different monascus microorganisms or the pigment types in different monascus products are also different. Some red rice products mainly contain red rice haematochrome, and some red rice products contain more red rice haematochrome or red rice orange haematochrome.
(5) Some monascus pigments are not very stable and are easy to change:
it is further worth mentioning that the pigment is a biologically active substance, which is somewhat unstable and variable. Wherein the yellow pigment and the orange pigment have poor stability and can be converted into red pigment under certain conditions. For example, orange pigments and amino acids, peptides or proteins react at higher temperatures to convert to more water-soluble red pigments; yellow pigments eventually also become red pigments under certain conditions (the mechanism is not yet clear). However, yellow pigments and orange pigments are easily dissolved in alcohol or grease, and the stability of pigments in these solvents is better.
(6) The improper control of monascus pigment in the feed can influence the judgment of feed users on the quality of the feed
Even if a laying hen feed with a deep yolk yellow degree can be obtained, if the red yeast pigment type and color value in the laying hen feed are not properly controlled, negative effects are generated, for example, although good yolk quality can be obtained, the color of excrement is also deepened and abnormal, so that the judgment of the health state of poultry by consumers is influenced, and even misunderstanding of the quality of eggs is caused.
Based on the defects of the above (1) - (6), the use of monascus pigment products in laying hen feed still belongs to the primary exploration stage, and a plurality of problems exist:
For example, when self-made or outsourced red rice is used in the feed, there is a problem in that red rice produced by a solid state fermentation method is unstable in the proportion of pigments of three hues in the red rice product due to strains, production raw materials, production processes and the like, and the molecular structure of the pigments may be changed under unfavorable environments; the pigment content also decays with the storage time, namely, the pigment content of the same red yeast rice product is reduced after the same red yeast rice product is stored for different times, so that the use effect is poor. Therefore, the pigment type and content are difficult to be controlled artificially under the influence of multiple adverse factors. There are patents or documents which only mention the amount of red yeast rice product (such as percentage in feed), but do not mention the kind and content (color value) of the key substance pigment in the red yeast rice product; even in some patents or literature, there is no analytical data for detection of monascus pigments, and thus, in most patents or literature, monascus pigments used in feeds have no strict qualitative and quantitative data. However, the size of the color value in the yolk of an egg has a certain correspondence with the type, content and intake of the pigment taken in from the feed.
The above problems will ultimately lead to the following consequences: at present, the variety, content and dosage of monascus pigment in the feed cannot be accurately and stably controlled, and the laying hen feed with accurate ingredients cannot be obtained, so that the yolk chromaticity of the laying hen cannot be stably and effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one problem, the invention realizes the accurate batching of the laying hen feed capable of increasing the yolk chromaticity by the following means: (1) The pigment materials with definite pigment types, stable pigment chemical structure, difficult pigment type conversion and stable pigment content are obtained; (2) Methods for analytically detecting the content of monascus red, monascus yellow, monascus orange pigments are provided.
The invention also discovers that even though the final pigment color value in the feed is the same, if the pigment types are different, the use effect of the feed for the laying hens is affected; on the basis, the invention provides a feed formula capable of stably and effectively improving the yolk chromaticity of the laying hens. In order to obtain good egg quality, if a monascus pigment type product is used, not only the dosage proportion of the monascus pigment type product in the feed is known, but also the data of the content of monascus red, monascus yellow and monascus orange pigment (the OD value of the monascus red, monascus yellow and monascus orange pigment is generally measured under a certain characteristic wavelength) of different stages in the production process are mastered through analysis and detection, so that the aim of accurately dosing is achieved when the feed is used for a feeding experiment of laying hens.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide three types of monascus pigment materials with definite pigment types and stable pigment chemical structures, wherein the three types of monascus pigment materials are monascus yellow pigment materials, red Qu Chengse pigment materials and monascus red pigment materials, are produced by liquid fermentation of monascus bacteria, and are prepared by adopting pigment protection measures in the production process.
In one embodiment, the fermentation broth containing monascus yellow pigment is a fermentation broth of monascus purpureus JJLY-4A (monascaspurpureus jly-4A); the fermentation broth containing monascus orange pigment material is fermentation broth of monascus purpureus9903 (Monascus purplus 9903).
The preparation of the monascus yellow pigment material (or monascus orange pigment material) comprises the following steps: adding edible oil into a fermentation broth containing monascus yellow pigment (or monascus orange pigment), so that most of the monascus yellow pigment (or monascus orange pigment) with better oil solubility in the fermentation broth is transferred into the edible oil; centrifuging to obtain oil phase containing monascus yellow pigment (or monascus orange pigment), and mixing the oil phase containing pigment with starch.
In one embodiment, the edible oil is soybean oil added in an amount of 10-20% by volume of the fermentation broth.
In one embodiment, the starch added to the oil phase is corn starch; optionally, the corn starch is 1-2 times the oil phase.
In one embodiment, the monascus yellow pigment material has a color value of 200-600KU/Kg, and the monascus orange pigment material has a color value of 200-600KU/Kg.
The monascus haematochrome is converted from monascus haematochrome and red Qu Chengse in fermentation liquor. Alternatively, it is prepared by: adding a (proper amount of) feed raw material (corn flour or soybean meal containing protein) into fermentation liquor after centrifugal separation of an oil phase, heating to a certain temperature (50-60 ℃) for a certain time (30-60 min), enabling partial residual pigment of the fermentation liquor to react with protein, peptide substances and amino acid in the feed raw material to be converted into monascus red pigment with better water solubility, and then drying or spray drying to prepare the monascus red pigment material. The color value of the monascus red pigment material is 800-1400KU/Kg.
In the invention, the orange pigment and the yellow pigment produced by fermentation are added into the material containing protein, and under certain conditions (within a certain time and at a higher temperature), the orange pigment and the yellow pigment can be converted into red pigment. Therefore, if the yellow and orange pigments in the red yeast rice fermentation broth are not protected, the pigments are very easy to change during the processes of fermentation, dehydration of the fermentation broth and other ingredients, so that the due yolk color-increasing effect cannot be achieved, and the effect of the prepared feed on improving the egg laying performance of chickens is limited, blind or insufficient for products taking the pigments as additives in the feed.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a precise ingredient of laying hen feed capable of stably and effectively improving yolk chromaticity and a detection method suitable for Yu Gongqu yellow pigment and monascus orange pigment.
In one embodiment, the method of determining color value comprises: weighing 0.5-1g of pigment material, dissolving in 50mL of 70% ethanol solution, if the OD value is measured to be larger than 0.7, further diluting with 70% ethanol until the OD value is in the range of 0.3-0.7, measuring the OD value of the diluted solution under the characteristic wavelength, and multiplying the OD value by the total dilution multiple to obtain the color value. The most important point is to detect natural monascus yellow pigment material and natural monascus orange pigment material by adopting proper detection wavelength (because the detection wavelength adopted in the detection of monascus yellow pigment and red Qu Chengse pigment in the patent is not limited to the detection wavelength in the detection method in the national standard of the current monascus product), the detection wavelength of the patent aiming at different pigment materials is as follows: wherein, the OD value of the monascus red pigment is measured in the wavelength range of 485-505nm, the OD value of the monascus yellow pigment is measured in the wavelength range of 380-420nm, and the OD value of the monascus orange pigment is measured in the wavelength range of 450-485 nm.
In one embodiment, the final concentration of monascus yellow pigment, red Qu Cheng pigment and monascus red pigment in the feed is respectively 0.4-10KU/Kg of monascus yellow pigment, 0.4-12KU/Kg of monascus orange pigment and 1-15KU/Kg of monascus red pigment.
The third object of the present invention is to provide a laying hen feed capable of stably and effectively improving the yolk chromaticity, which comprises monascus yellow pigment material, red Qu Chengse pigment material, monascus red pigment material and feed raw materials.
The monascus yellow pigment material, the red Qu Chengse pigment material and the monascus red pigment material are produced by liquid fermentation of monascus bacteria, and are prepared by adopting pigment protection measures in the production process. The preparation of the monascus yellow pigment material (or monascus orange pigment material) comprises the following steps: adding edible oil into a fermentation broth containing monascus yellow pigment (or monascus orange pigment) to transfer most of the monascus yellow pigment (or monascus orange pigment) in the fermentation broth into the edible oil; centrifuging to obtain oil phase containing monascus yellow pigment (or monascus orange pigment), and mixing the oil phase containing pigment with starch.
In one embodiment, the feed raw materials comprise corn flour, soybean meal, fish meal, bran, rice bran, edible oil, shell powder, wheat green powder and premix according to a certain proportion.
In one embodiment, the feed for laying hens comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-2.5 parts of monascus yellow pigment material, 0.5-2.5 parts of monascus orange pigment material, 0.1-1.5 parts of monascus red pigment material, 50-60 parts of corn flour, 20-30 parts of bean pulp powder, 1-2 parts of fish meal, 1-3 parts of bran, 1-3 parts of rice bran powder, 0.5-2 parts of edible oil, 7-8 parts of shell powder, 1-3 parts of wheat green powder and 3-5 parts of premix. Wherein, in the feed for laying hens, the color value of monascus yellow pigment is 0.4-10KU/Kg, the color value of monascus orange pigment is 0.4-12KU/Kg, and the color value of monascus red pigment is 1-15KU/Kg.
The color value of the monascus yellow pigment, the monascus Qu Cheng pigment and the monascus red pigment is determined by the determination method.
In one embodiment, the laying hen feed comprises, by weight, 0.5-1.2 parts of monascus yellow pigment material, 0.5-1.2 parts of monascus orange pigment material and 0.1-1.2 parts of monascus red pigment material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, 3 monascus pigments (monascus yellow, monascus orange and monascus red pigment) with different hues are produced by different monascus fermentation methods, and a pigment protecting agent (soybean oil) is added into the fermentation liquor, so that most of the monascus yellow pigment and orange pigment in the fermentation liquor are transferred into the edible oil; after centrifugal separation, the oil containing pigment is mixed with starch, so that the protected monascus yellow pigment material and the protected monascus Qu Chengse pigment material are prepared; the protective agent adopted by the invention is prepared from edible oil and starch according to a certain proportion, and can effectively protect fat-soluble yellow pigment and orange pigment in the monascus fermentation broth, so that the pigment has stable chemical structure and is not easy to be converted, and the pigment content in each obtained pigment material is stable and can be qualitatively and quantitatively detected. Meanwhile, the color value of the monascus red pigment material prepared by the method is 800-1400KU/Kg, the color value of the monascus yellow pigment material is 200-600KU/Kg, and the color value of the monascus orange pigment material is 200-600KU/Kg.
The invention also determines the method for measuring the color value of the three types of monascus pigment, and the method is suitable for detecting the color value of the monascus pigment material obtained by the invention, so that the content of three different monascus pigments in the fermented feed of the laying hens can be quantitatively controlled; the result after the implementation of the patent reveals from a qualitative angle that the monascus yellow pigment and the red Qu Cheng pigment with good fat solubility have larger effect on improving the chroma of egg yolk, and the monascus red pigment with good water solubility has smaller relative effect.
Further, the present invention provides a feed for laying hens which can stably and effectively improve the chromaticity of egg yolk. The feed is used for feeding laying hens, can obviously improve the color of raw egg yolk and cooked egg yolk, and has good breeding effect and certain economic benefit. Compared with a control group, the average value of the chromaticity of raw egg yolk of the laying hen feed can be improved by 2-3 points (Roche color comparison card) to 9-13 points; the average value of the yolk chromaticity of the steamed eggs can be generally improved by 1 to 1.6 (Roche color card) to 4.5 to 5.
In summary, the red yeast rice red, red yeast rice yellow and red yeast rice orange pigment materials produced by the monascus biological fermentation method adopt a strict formula to form a natural pigment mixture which has definite pigment types and quantitative pigment usage (a certain color valence number in unit mass of feed is taken as a quantitative basis), and the natural pigment mixture is mixed with feed raw materials to prepare the laying hen feed capable of improving the chroma of egg yolk. Through multiple times of laying hen feeding experiments, the method is continuously improved, and finally the preparation method and the optimal formula of the optimized laying hen feed containing three monascus pigments are stable in content and accurate in dosage, and can improve egg laying performance. The red yeast rice pigment is significantly different from the technology of containing or adding red yeast rice pigment in the feed reported in the prior patents or documents, and the same report is not found in the documents published at home and abroad.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a red Qu Cheng pigment; (a) a red Qu Chengse element broth; (b) and (c) are red Qu Chengse flakes of different color value; (d) delamination of the red Qu Chengse element broth after centrifugation.
FIG. 2 is a monascus yellow pigment broth of a monascus yellow pigment material; (a) From left to right, respectively a thallus-containing fermentation liquid, an oil phase and a water phase; (b) and (c) are monascus yellow pigment materials with different color values.
FIG. 3 is (a) monascus color material (yellow) before baking; (b) after drying, monascus pigment material (red).
FIG. 4 is yellowness of raw and steamed egg yolk; (a) The chroma of the raw egg yolk of 3 groups, 4 groups and 8 groups is 9, 10 and 13 respectively; (b) 3 groups, 4 groups and 8 groups of steamed egg yolk chromaticity, wherein the chromaticity values are 3, 4 and 7 respectively; (c) the color of the raw egg yolk of the 6 groups of control is 7; (d) comparison of steamed egg yolk in groups 6 and 8.
FIG. 5 is the yellowness of raw and steamed eggs; (a) The chroma of the raw egg yolk of 7 groups and 8 groups is 8 and 13 respectively; (b) The chroma of steamed egg yolk in 7 groups and 8 groups is 3.5 and 7 respectively; (c) No. 8 steamed yolk.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of a chicken farm.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the process for producing the monascus orange pigment material of example 1.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the process for producing monascus yellow pigment material in example 2.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the process for producing monascus red pigment material in example 3.
Detailed Description
1. Description of biological Material
Monascus purpureus JJLY-4A (Monascuspurpeueus JLY-4A): the double liquid phase fermentation method for coupling in situ extraction fermentation of monascus yellow pigment is disclosed in patent document with application number 201410116854.6 and publication number CN104946699A, at 2015, 09 and 30.
Monascus purpureus 9903 (monascaspurpureus 9903): the patent document with the application number of 201410117001.4 and the invention of a double liquid phase fermentation method for coupling in-situ fermentation and extraction of monascus orange pigment and the publication number of CN104946718A is disclosed in 2015, 09 and 30 days.
2. Method for determining nature and pigment content (i.e. color value) of monascus pigment
The detection method of monascus pigment comprises the following steps: weighing 0.5-1g of pigment material, dissolving in 50mL of 70% ethanol solution, if the OD value is measured to be larger than 0.7, further diluting with 70% ethanol until the OD value is in the range of 0.3-0.7, measuring the OD value of the diluted solution under the characteristic wavelength, and multiplying the OD value by the total dilution multiple to obtain the color value. The higher the color value, the higher the pigment content.
The content of monascus pigment, namely the color value, is defined by the color value: after a pigment sample of a unit mass (g) or a unit volume (mL) is dissolved and diluted with a 70% aqueous ethanol solution, the dilution factor is multiplied by an absorbance value (OD value) measured at a certain wavelength in a 1cm cuvette by a spectrophotometer, and the unit of the color value is KU/Kg or KU/L (U/g or U/mL may be used).
The characteristic wavelength of monascus red pigment is generally a peak value between 485-505 nm; so the detection of monascus red pigment adopts the detection of OD value thereof in the wavelength range of 485-505 nm;
the characteristic wavelength of natural monascus yellow pigment is generally the peak value between 380-420 nm; so that the OD value of the natural monascus yellow pigment is measured within the wavelength range of 380-420 nm; (national standard monascus yellow is semisynthetic, and the natural monascus yellow pigment mentioned in the patent is not the same substance, so the detection wavelength of the two is different);
the characteristic wavelength of monascus orange pigment is generally the peak value between 450-485 nm; therefore, the OD value of the Qu Chengse element was measured in the wavelength range of 450-485 nm.
The method for qualitatively and quantitatively detecting the monascus pigment refers to the standard method in the monascus industry, but the natural monascus pigment and the monascus orange pigment prepared by the method are not circulated by national standard, are mainly determined according to the characteristics of samples, are the same as the principle of the method in the literature, but the range of detection wavelength is adjusted, and are not limited in the method in the national standard.
3. Colorimetric for raw and cooked yolk
Color comparison of raw egg yolk: taking one egg from each group, breaking the eggshells, separating the yolk, putting the yolk into another new clean culture dish or white porcelain dish with a labeling number, discarding the egg white (collecting the egg white into a beaker/big bowl), and discarding the eggshells (putting into a garbage can).
Each egg is colorized by 3 different people, the color of each egg yolk is compared by using a Roche color chart, and the number closest to the color of the corresponding color chart is read. The color values of the egg numbers corresponding to 3 different people are recorded, and the average value is calculated.
Color comparison of steamed egg yolk: the large pot is used for containing a proper amount of water, the bracket is placed in the large pot, the steamer is placed above the bracket, and the water is boiled by using the gas cooker. Transferring yolk to a heatable flat-bottomed dish or small bowl (egg numbers are needed beside each dish or bowl of yolk), covering with preservative film, placing on a steamer, timing, steaming for 5 min, and solidifying. Taking the yolk out of the steamer, removing the preservative film, timing, and cooling for 3-5 minutes. The steamed yolk was taken out and placed in a corresponding numbered dish and split from the middle. The color of each steamed egg yolk is compared by using a Roche color card, the number closest to the color of the corresponding color card is read, and each egg is colorized by 3 different people. The color values of the egg numbers corresponding to 3 different people are recorded, and the average value is calculated.
4. Laying hen feeding
During the trial, each of 6:30 and 14:30 feeds were fed 1 time per day. Adopts a 3-layer overlapped cage culture mode to freely feed and drink water. The wet curtain is ventilated and temperature-regulated under negative pressure, and the illumination is carried out for 16 hours every day. Each hen consumes 100-110g of feed every day. During the peak period of laying, the laying rate of the chickens is more than 80 percent. Typically, when the laying rate reaches 60%, eggs are taken for detection.
The following examples are intended to further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting its scope, as many insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention that are within the scope of the invention as described above would be within the skill of the art.
Example 1: preparation of monascus orange pigment material
The monascus orange pigment material is prepared by the following steps:
the production process flow of the monascus orange pigment material is shown in figure 7:
the preparation method of the monascus orange pigment comprises the following steps: inoculating Monascus seed solution containing (g/L) corn starch 60, ammonium sulfate 5.0, KH 2 PO 4 2.0，K 2 HPO 4 2.0，MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.5，CaCl 2 0.1，FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.01，ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.01，MnSO 4 ·H 2 O 0.03，NaNO 3 2.0, the inoculation amount is 10% in a culture medium with the pH adjusted to 4.0 by lactic acid; after 120h of fermentation, the fermentation is finished, and the color value of the fermentation liquid is: 450-600U/mL. Adding 10-20% (based on the volume of the fermentation liquor) of soybean oil into the fermentation liquor, stirring at 30 ℃ for 30min, centrifuging, collecting an oil phase by centrifugation, adding corn starch with the mass 1-2 times of that of the oil phase, and uniformly mixing to obtain the red Qu Chengse element material. The amount of pigment in the oil phase is about two-thirds of the total amount of pigment in the fermentation broth.
Wherein the monascus is monascus purpureus9903 (Monascuspurplus 9903);
a dehydrating and drying technology of fat-soluble red Qu Cheng pigment and corn starch: and adopting a drying method. The water-soluble monascus red pigment material is prepared into powder by spray drying, and the color value of the obtained monascus red pigment material is 800-1400KU/Kg. The fermented liquid, oil phase and prepared monascus orange pigment of red Qu Chengse element are shown in figure 1. The color value of the obtained red Qu Chengse pigment material is 200-600KU/Kg.
Example 2: preparation of monascus yellow pigment material
The monascus yellow pigment material is prepared by the following steps:
the production process flow of the monascus yellow pigment material is shown in figure 8:
the preparation method of the monascus yellow pigment comprises the following steps: inoculating Monascus seed solution containing (g/L) corn starch 60, ammonium sulfate 5.0, KH 2 PO 4 2.0，K 2 HPO 4 2.0，MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.5，CaCl 2 0.1，FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.01，ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.01，MnSO 4 ·H 2 O 0.03，NaNO 3 2.0, the inoculation amount is 10% in a culture medium with the pH adjusted to 4.0 by lactic acid; after 120h of fermentation, the fermentation is finished, and the color value of the fermentation liquid is: 450-600U/mL. Adding 10-20% (based on the volume of the fermentation liquor) of soybean oil into the fermentation liquor, stirring at 30 ℃ for 30min, centrifuging, collecting an oil phase by centrifugation, adding corn starch with the volume of 1-2 times of the oil phase, and uniformly mixing to obtain the monascus yellow pigment material. Pigment amount in oil phase About two-thirds of the total pigment content of the fermentation broth. The color value of the obtained monascus yellow pigment material is 200-600KU/Kg.
Technical description:
the Monascus is Monascus purpureus JJLY-4A (Monascus purpeusJLY-4A);
a dehydration and drying technology of fat-soluble monascus yellow pigment and corn starch: and adopting a drying method. The water-soluble monascus red pigment material is prepared into powder by spray drying. The monascus yellow pigment fermentation liquor, oil phase and the monascus yellow pigment material prepared are shown in figure 2.
Example 3: preparation of monascus red pigment material
The monascus red pigment is obtained by separating the oil phase from the monascus yellow pigment or monascus orange pigment fermentation broth of example 1 or example 2, and then converting the oil phase from the residual pigment in the fermentation broth. The amount of pigment in the fermentation broth after oil phase separation is about one third of the amount of pigment problem in the fermentation broth.
The production process flow of the monascus red pigment material is shown in figure 9:
adding 3-5% (mass volume ratio) of feed raw material (corn flour or soybean meal containing protein) into the fermentation liquid after centrifuging oil phase in example 1 or example 2, heating to a certain temperature (50-60 ℃) for a certain time (30-60 min), and reacting part of residual pigment of the fermentation liquid with protein, peptide substances and amino acid in the feed raw material to generate monascus red pigment with better water solubility. The red yeast pigment is prepared by adding corn flour into fermentation liquor for drying or adding corn starch into the filtered fermentation liquor, and then spray drying, as shown in figure 3.
The color value of the obtained monascus red pigment material is 800-1400KU/Kg.
The color value changes obtained after storage for different periods of time were compared for the pigment colorants prepared in examples 1 to 3. By the method of the embodiment 1-2, the yellow and orange pigments in the monascus pigment are protected, so that the stability of the pigment can be effectively ensured.
TABLE 1 color value Change of pigments at different storage times
"-" indicates that no detection was made.
The storage conditions are: natural stacking at normal temperature and normal pressure.
Wherein,
the preparation method of the control monascus material corresponding to the monascus yellow pigment material comprises the following steps: and (3) directly mixing the fermentation liquor of the monascus yellow pigment (without adding soybean oil for centrifugal separation) with corn flour according to the mass ratio of 1 to 1, and drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the contrast of the monascus yellow pigment material. The color of the mixed material is normal yellow pigment material, and after drying, the mixed material turns red, which means that a part of yellow pigment turns red pigment, and the mixed material is similar to the mixed material in fig. 3 (b). One of the main factors causing pigment material change is that corn starch or soybean meal containing protein, peptide and amino acid is added into fermentation liquor; another factor is that the temperature rises during the drying process, accelerating the change of the pigment substance.
The preparation method of the control monascus material corresponding to the red Qu Chengse element material comprises the following steps: and directly mixing the fermentation liquor of the monascus orange pigment (without adding soybean oil for centrifugal separation) with corn flour according to the mass ratio of 1 to 1, and drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the contrast of the monascus orange pigment material. The color of the mixed material is normal orange pigment, and the mixed material turns red after being dried, which indicates that a part of orange pigment turns red pigment. The main factors causing the pigment material change are as above.
Example 4: preparation of laying hen feed, laying hen feeding and detection of egg yolk chromaticity
The feed formulation for the layers is shown in Table 2.
The red yeast red pigment (prepared in example 3) has a color value (measured at 505 nm) of 1000KU/Kg and is added into the feed in an amount of 2Kg/T.
The red Qu Chengse pigment and the red yeast yellow pigment (prepared in examples 1 and 2) are prepared by liquid fermentation and stabilization treatment. Wherein, the color value of monascus yellow pigment material (measured at 400-420 nm) is 600KU/Kg (see figure 2 (c)), and the addition amount of the monascus yellow pigment material in the feed is 10Kg/T; the color value of red Qu Chengse pigment (measured at 460-480 nm) was 300KU/Kg (see FIG. 1 (c)), and the amount added to the feed was 6.7Kg/T.
In the feed, the total color value of the monascus pigment is 10KU/Kg.
Table 2 feed ingredients table
| 3# egg | Huang Gao | ||
| Dosage (Kg) | Color value content (KU/Kg) | Unit color value in feed (KU/Kg) | |
| Monascus yellow pigment material | 10 | 600 | 6.00 |
| Red yeast rice orange pigment material | 6.7 | 300 | 2.01 |
| Monascus red pigment material | 2 | 1000 | 2.00 |
| Bean pulp powder | 240 | 0 | |
| Corn flour | 551.3 | 0 | |
| Shell powder | 70 | 0 | |
| Rice bran | 20 | 0 | |
| Bran | 20 | 0 | |
| Fish meal | 10 | 0 | |
| Edible oil | 10 | 0 | |
| Wheat green powder | 20 | 0 | |
| Premix compound | 40 | ||
| Total amount of | 1000 | 10.01 |
The premix is a 433% type 4% egg laying period compound premix feed product purchased from the Buddha's biological technology Co., ltd.
The laying hen is fed, and the specific steps are as follows:
during the trial, each of 6:30 and 14:30 feeds were fed 1 time per day. Adopts a 3-layer overlapped cage culture mode to freely feed and drink water. The wet curtain is ventilated and temperature-regulated under negative pressure, and the illumination is carried out for 16 hours every day. Each hen consumes 100-110g of feed every day. During the peak period of laying, the laying rate of the chickens is more than 80 percent. Typically, when the laying rate reaches 60%, eggs are taken for detection.
The results of the colorimetry of the partially raw yolk and the steamed yolk fed with the formula feed of Table 2 are shown in FIG. 4. The results show that the color of raw Huang Danhuang, numbered 3 (i.e., formula fed in this example), reached 9 or more. The chroma of the steamed yolk is more than 3. Specifically, the yolk chromaticity of the eggs fed is shown in Table 3 (the number of eggs in parallel is 4).
TABLE 3 Table 3
In addition, the blank feed without pigment (the other components and the proportion are the same, and only the monascus pigment material is not added) is fed by the same method, and the color of the raw egg yolk is 7 when the detection is carried out under the same conditions and the same period. See figure 4 (c) for an egg number 6 with a green yolk color average of 7.
Example 5: preparation of laying hen feed, laying hen feeding and detection of egg yolk chromaticity
The feed formulation for the layers is shown in Table 4.
The red yeast red pigment (prepared in example 3) has a color value (measured at 505 nm) of 1000KU/Kg and is added into the feed in an amount of 2Kg/T.
The red Qu Chengse pigment and the red yeast yellow pigment (prepared in examples 1 and 2) are prepared by the company through liquid fermentation and stability treatment. Wherein the color value of monascus yellow pigment material (measured at 400-420 nm) is 300KU/Kg (see figure 2 (b)), and the addition amount of monascus yellow pigment material in the feed is 6.7Kg/T; the color value of red Qu Chengse pigment (measured at 460-480 nm) is 600KU/Kg (see figure 1 (b)), and the addition amount of red Qu Chengse pigment in the feed is 10Kg/T.
In the feed, the total color value of the monascus pigment is 10KU/Kg.
Table 4 feed ingredients table
| Egg # 4 | Orange juice | ||
| Proportioning materials | Dosage (Kg) | Color value content (KU/Kg) | Unit color value in feed (KU/Kg) |
| Monascus yellow pigment material | 6.7 | 300 | 2.01 |
| Red yeast rice orange pigment material | 10 | 600 | 6.00 |
| Monascus red pigment material | 2 | 1000 | 2.00 |
| Bean pulp powder | 240 | 0 | |
| Corn flour | 551.3 | 0 | |
| Shell powder | 70 | 0 | |
| Rice bran | 20 | 0 | |
| Bran | 20 | 0 | |
| Fish meal | 10 | 0 | |
| Edible oil | 10 | 0 | |
| Wheat green powder | 20 | 0 | |
| Premix compound | 40 | 0 | |
| Total amount of | 1000 | 10.01 |
The premix is a 433% type 4% egg laying period compound premix feed product purchased from the Buddha's biological technology Co., ltd.
The colorimetric results of raw and steamed egg yolk fed with the formula feed of Table 4 are shown in FIG. 4. The result shows that the color of the cooked yolk is more than 4, and the color of the cooked yolk is more than 10, which is numbered 4 raw Huang Danhuang.
Specifically, the yolk chromaticity of the eggs fed is shown in Table 5 (the number of eggs in parallel is 4).
It is noted that the total pigment content in the feeds of groups 3 (example 4) and 4 (example 5) were the same, the color value was 10KU/Kg, but the color of the raw egg yolk was greatly different due to the different types of pigments added.
TABLE 5
In addition, the blank feed without pigment (i.e., the pigment-removed feed based on the ingredients table of Table 4) was fed in the same manner, and the color of raw egg yolk and the color of cooked egg yolk were substantially the same as those of the blank feed of example 4, when examined under the same conditions and for the same period of time.
Example 6: preparation of laying hen feed, laying hen feeding and detection of egg yolk chromaticity
The feed formulation for the layer of this example is shown in Table 6.
Monascus red pigment (prepared in example 3) with a color value (measured at 505 nm) of 1000KU/Kg; the addition amount of the feed additive in the feed is 8Kg/T.
The red Qu Chengse pigment and the red yeast yellow pigment (prepared in examples 1 and 2) are prepared by the company through liquid fermentation and stability treatment; wherein, the color value of the monascus yellow pigment material (measured at 400-420 nm) is 400KU/Kg, as shown in figure 2 (the picture of red Qu Chengse pigment material and monascus yellow pigment material in figures 1 and 2 is only a part of samples with different color values, the color value is high or low, but the pigment material with all color values is not possible, when in use, the monascus pigment material with high color value and the monascus pigment material with low color value can be obtained by mixing the monascus pigment material with high color value and the monascus pigment material with low color value according to a certain proportion), and the adding amount of the monascus pigment material with any color value between the high color value and the low color value in the feed is 1Kg/T; the color value of red Qu Chengse pigment (measured at 460-480 nm) was 400KU/Kg, see FIG. 1, and the amount added to the feed was 1Kg/T. In the feed, the total color value of the monascus pigment is 12KU/Kg.
Table 6 feed ingredients table
| Egg 7# | Red altitude | ||
| Proportioning materials | Dosage (Kg) | Color value content (KU/Kg) | Unit color value in feed (KU/Kg) |
| Monascus yellow pigment material | 1 | 400 | 0.40 |
| Red yeast rice orange pigment material | 1 | 400 | 0.40 |
| Monascus red pigment material | 8 | 1400 | 11.20 |
| Bean pulp powder | 240 | 0 | |
| Corn flour | 551 | 0 | |
| Shell powder | 70 | 0 | |
| Rice bran | 30 | 0 | |
| Bran | 27 | 0 | |
| Fish meal | 10 | 0 | |
| Edible oil | 10 | 0 | |
| Wheat green powder | 12 | 0 | |
| Premix compound | 40 | ||
| Total amount of | 1000 | 12.00 |
The premix is a 433% type 4% egg laying period compound premix feed product purchased from the Buddha's biological technology Co., ltd.
The colorimetric results of raw and steamed egg yolk fed with the formula feed of Table 6 are shown in FIG. 5. The result shows that the color of the No. 7 raw Huang Danhuang reaches 8, and the color of the steamed yolk is 3. Specifically, the yolk chromaticity of the eggs fed is shown in Table 7 (the number of eggs in parallel is 4).
TABLE 7
In addition, the blank feed without pigment was fed in the same manner, and the measurement was carried out under the same conditions and period, and the color of raw egg yolk and the color of cooked egg yolk were substantially the same as those of the blank feed of example 4.
Example 7: preparation of laying hen feed, laying hen feeding and detection of egg yolk chromaticity
The feed formulation for the layer of this example is shown in Table 8.
Monascus red pigment (prepared in example 3) with a color value (measured at 505 nm) of 1000KU/Kg; the addition amount of the feed additive in the feed is 12Kg/T.
The red Qu Chengse pigment and the red yeast yellow pigment (prepared in examples 1 and 2) are prepared by the company through liquid fermentation and stability treatment; wherein, the color value (measured at 400-420 nm) of the monascus yellow pigment material is 400KU/Kg, and the addition amount of the monascus yellow pigment material in the feed is 8Kg/T; the color value of red Qu Chengse pigment (measured at 460-480 nm) is 400KU/Kg, and the addition amount of the red Qu Chengse pigment in the feed is 12Kg/T.
In the feed, the total color value of the monascus pigment is 20KU/Kg.
Table 8 feed ingredient list
The premix is a 433% type 4% egg laying period compound premix feed product purchased from the Buddha's biological technology Co., ltd.
The colorimetric results of raw and steamed egg yolk fed with the formula feed of Table 8 are shown in FIG. 4. The result shows that the color of raw Huang Danhuang with the number of 8 reaches 13. The chroma of the yolk after cooking was 7, and specifically, the chroma of the yolk of the eggs fed is shown in table 9 (the number of parallel eggs is 4).
As is clear from the results shown in tables 8 and 9, the larger the pigment content in the feed, the larger the color value of raw yolk and the larger the color of steamed yolk.
It was also noted that in all experimental groups, table 8, although the total pigment content was highest, this was mainly the highest amount of red pigment, i.e. the ratio of red pigment was the highest, but the chroma of the eggs was not significantly improved over example 8 (see tables 10 and 11), which suggests that the effect of red pigment on improving the chroma of the egg yolk was relatively small, while the effect of orange pigment and yellow pigment was greater.
TABLE 9
In addition, the blank feed without pigment was fed in the same manner, and the measurement was carried out under the same conditions and period, and the color of raw egg yolk and the color of cooked egg yolk were substantially the same as those of the blank feed of example 4.
Example 8: preparation of laying hen feed, laying hen feeding and detection of egg yolk chromaticity
The feed formulation for the layer of this example is shown in Table 10.
Monascus red pigment (prepared in example 3) with a color value (measured at 505 nm) of 1000KU/Kg; the addition amount of the feed additive in the feed is 1Kg/T.
The red Qu Chengse pigment and the red yeast yellow pigment (prepared in examples 1 and 2) are prepared by the company through liquid fermentation and stability treatment; wherein, the color value (measured at 400-420 nm) of the monascus yellow pigment material is 600KU/Kg, and the addition amount of the monascus yellow pigment material in the feed is 8Kg/T; the color value of red Qu Chengse pigment (measured at 460-480 nm) is 600KU/Kg, and the addition amount of the red Qu Chengse pigment in the feed is 10.9Kg/T.
In the feed, the total color value of the monascus pigment is 12.0KU/Kg.
Table 10 feed ingredient list
| 8-2# egg | Optimum for | ||
| Proportioning materials | Dosage (Kg) | Color value content (KU/Kg) | Unit color value in feed (KU/Kg) |
| Monascus yellow pigment material | 8 | 600 | 4.8 |
| Red yeast rice orange pigment material | 11 | 600 | 6.6 |
| Monascus red pigment material | 1 | 1000 | 1 |
| Bean pulp powder | 240 | 0 | |
| Corn flour | 559 | 0 | |
| Shell powder | 70 | 0 | |
| Rice bran | 20 | 0 | |
| Bran | 21 | 0 | |
| Fish meal | 10 | 0 | |
| Edible oil | 10 | 0 | |
| Wheat green powder | 10 | 0 | |
| Premix compound | 40 | ||
| Total amount of | 1000 | 12.4 |
The premix is a 433% type 4% egg laying period compound premix feed product purchased from the Buddha's biological technology Co., ltd.
The colorimetric results of raw and steamed egg yolk fed with the formula feed of Table 10 are shown in FIG. 5. The results showed that the color of raw number 8 Huang Danhuang reached 13 and the color of the steamed yolk was 7, and specifically the color of the yolk of the eggs fed was shown in Table 11 (parallel number of eggs: 4). It is noted that 7 groups, although the pigment addition amount (expressed in color value, see Table 5) was the same as that of 8-2 groups, the green yolk color of 8-2 groups was significantly higher than that of 7 groups (see Table 6) due to the different kinds of pigments added.
TABLE 11
In addition, the blank feed without pigment was fed in the same manner, and the measurement was carried out under the same conditions and period, and the color of raw egg yolk and the color of cooked egg yolk were substantially the same as those of the blank feed of example 4.
Example 9: laying hen feed prepared from single pigment and influence of single pigment on yolk chromaticity of laying hen feed
The feed formula of the laying hen of this example is shown in tables 12, 13 and 14. Wherein, the color value (measured at 505 nm) of the monascus red pigment material is 800KU/Kg; the addition amount of the feed additive in the feed is 10Kg/T; red yeast yellow pigment material with a color value (measured at 420 nm) of 400KU/Kg; red Qu Chengse pigment (465 nm), color value was 400KU/Kg.
The colorimetric results of raw egg yolk and steamed egg yolk are shown in Table 15.
Table 12 feed ingredient list
Table 13 feed ingredients table
Table 14 feed ingredients table
The premix is a 433% type 4% egg laying period compound premix feed product purchased from the Buddha's biological technology Co., ltd.
Table 15 single colour pigment feed egg yolk colour
In addition, the blank feed without pigment was fed in the same manner, and the measurement was carried out under the same conditions and period, and the color of raw egg yolk and the color of cooked egg yolk were substantially the same as those of the blank feed of example 4.
Claims (4)
1. A precise batching method of laying hen feed capable of stably and effectively improving yolk chromaticity is characterized by comprising the steps of measuring color values of three types of monascus pigment materials with definite pigment types and stable pigment chemical structures, weighing the weight of the corresponding monascus pigment materials according to the requirement of the feed on the final concentration of the three types of monascus pigments, and adding the red rice pigment materials into the feed;
in the laying hen feed, the color value of monascus yellow pigment, the color value of monascus orange pigment and the color value of monascus red pigment are respectively 3.2, 4.8, 12 or 4.8, 6.6 and 1, and the units are KU/Kg;
the three types of monascus pigment materials are monascus yellow pigment material, red Qu Chengse pigment material and monascus red pigment material, are obtained by liquid fermentation of monascus bacteria and are produced through a certain preparation process;
the preparation of the monascus yellow pigment material or the monascus orange pigment material comprises the following steps: adding edible oil into a fermentation broth containing monascus yellow pigment or monascus orange pigment, so that most of the monascus yellow pigment or monascus orange pigment in the fermentation broth is transferred into the edible oil; centrifuging to obtain oil phase containing monascus yellow pigment or monascus orange pigment, and mixing the oil phase containing pigment with starch;
the monascus red pigment material is formed by converting monascus yellow pigment and red Qu Chengse pigment in fermentation liquor;
The fermentation liquor containing monascus yellow pigment is monascus purpureus JJLY-4A #Monascus purpureus JJLY-4A); the fermentation liquor containing monascus orange pigment material is 9903 percent of monascus purpureusMonascus purpureus 9903 A) fermentation broth;
the color value of the monascus red pigment material is 800-1400KU/Kg, the color value of the monascus yellow pigment material is 200-600KU/Kg, and the color value of the monascus orange pigment material is 200-600KU/Kg;
the method for measuring color value comprises the following steps: weighing 0.5-1g of pigment material, dissolving in 50mL of 70% ethanol solution, if the OD value is greater than 0.7, further diluting with 70% ethanol until the OD value is within the range of 0.3-0.7, measuring the OD value of the diluted solution under the characteristic wavelength, and multiplying the OD value by the total dilution multiple to obtain the color value; wherein, the OD value of the monascus red pigment is measured in the wavelength range of 485-505nm, the OD value of the monascus yellow pigment is measured in the wavelength range of 380-420nm, and the OD value of the monascus orange pigment is measured in the wavelength range of 450-485 nm.
2. A laying hen feed capable of stably and effectively improving yolk chromaticity is characterized by comprising monascus yellow pigment material, red Qu Chengse pigment material, monascus red pigment material and feed raw materials; in the laying hen feed, the color value of monascus yellow pigment, the color value of monascus orange pigment and the color value of monascus red pigment are respectively 3.2, 4.8, 12 or 4.8, 6.6 and 1, and the units are KU/Kg;
The three types of monascus pigment materials are monascus yellow pigment material, red Qu Chengse pigment material and monascus red pigment material, are obtained by liquid fermentation of monascus bacteria and are produced through a certain preparation process;
the preparation of the monascus yellow pigment material or the monascus orange pigment material comprises the following steps: adding edible oil into a fermentation broth containing monascus yellow pigment or monascus orange pigment, so that most of the monascus yellow pigment or monascus orange pigment in the fermentation broth is transferred into the edible oil; centrifuging to obtain oil phase containing monascus yellow pigment or monascus orange pigment, and mixing the oil phase containing pigment with starch;
the monascus red pigment material is formed by converting monascus yellow pigment and red Qu Chengse pigment in fermentation liquor;
the fermentation liquor containing monascus yellow pigment is monascus purpureus JJLY-4A #Monascus purpureus JJLY-4A); the fermentation liquor containing monascus orange pigment material is 9903 percent of monascus purpureusMonascus purpureus 9903 A) fermentation broth;
the color value of the monascus red pigment material is 800-1400KU/Kg, the color value of the monascus yellow pigment material is 200-600KU/Kg, and the color value of the monascus orange pigment material is 200-600KU/Kg;
the method for measuring color value comprises the following steps: weighing 0.5-1g of pigment material, dissolving in 50mL of 70% ethanol solution, if the OD value is greater than 0.7, further diluting with 70% ethanol until the OD value is within the range of 0.3-0.7, measuring the OD value of the diluted solution under the characteristic wavelength, and multiplying the OD value by the total dilution multiple to obtain the color value; wherein, the OD value of the monascus red pigment is measured in the wavelength range of 485-505nm, the OD value of the monascus yellow pigment is measured in the wavelength range of 380-420nm, and the OD value of the monascus orange pigment is measured in the wavelength range of 450-485 nm.
3. The feed of claim 2, wherein the feed material comprises corn flour, soybean meal, fish meal, bran, rice bran, edible oil, shell powder, wheat middling, premix.
4. The feed for laying hens according to claim 3, wherein the feed for laying hens comprises, in parts by weight: 0.1-2.5 parts of monascus yellow pigment material, 0.5-2.5 parts of monascus orange pigment material, 0.1-1.5 parts of monascus red pigment material, 50-60 parts of corn flour, 20-30 parts of bean pulp powder, 1-2 parts of fish meal, 1-3 parts of bran, 1-3 parts of rice bran powder, 0.5-2 parts of edible oil, 7-8 parts of shell powder, 1-3 parts of wheat green powder and 3-5 parts of premix, wherein in the laying hen feed, the color value of monascus yellow pigment, the color value of monascus orange pigment and the color value of monascus red pigment are respectively 3.2, 4.8, 12 or 4.8, 6.6 and 1 in KU/Kg.
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Denomination of invention: A chicken feed that can increase the chromaticity of egg yolks and achieve precise ingredients for fermentation pigments Granted publication date: 20240202 Pledgee: Ganzhou Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: Boon Group Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980014223 |