CN111238642A - Double-branching X-shaped optical fiber and spectrum acquisition and monitoring system thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-forked X-type optical fiber and a spectrum acquisition monitoring system thereof, which relate to the technical field of hyperspectral imaging and are used for solving the problems of large deviation of acquired information and complex structure and poor flexibility of the spectrum acquisition system; the invention uses the X-type optical fiber to ensure that different monitors can equally acquire the input radiation illumination information and the reference radiation illumination information of the target area to be measured in the same time, thereby avoiding the problem of information acquisition deviation caused by the change of ambient light; the integration level, the acquisition efficiency and the stability and reliability of the system are greatly improved, the complexity and the one-sidedness of the system are reduced, the flexibility is high, and the applicability is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hyperspectral imaging, in particular to a double-branch X-shaped optical fiber and a target, all-sky and dark background spectrum acquisition and monitoring system applying the double-branch X-shaped optical fiber, which are used for solving the problems of large acquisition information deviation caused by large acquisition time difference of radiation illumination information and reference radiation illumination information of a target area, complex structure, poor flexibility and the like of a spectrum acquisition system.
Background
Spectroscopy is a technique for measuring light intensity in the ultraviolet, visible, near infrared, and infrared bands. Spectroscopic measurements have been applied in numerous fields. Hyperspectral imaging, which focuses on advanced technologies in the fields of optics, electronics, information processing, computer science and the like, is an image data technology based on a plurality of narrow bands developed in the last two decades, and the most prominent application of the hyperspectral imaging is in the field of remote sensing and detection and has a greater application prospect in more and more civil fields. An emerging technology organically combines the traditional two-dimensional imaging technology and the spectrum technology. The definition of the hyperspectral imaging technology is that on the basis of multispectral imaging, an imaging spectrometer is utilized to continuously image a target object in dozens or hundreds of spectral bands in a spectral coverage range from ultraviolet to near infrared (200 + 2500 nm). The spectral information of the object to be measured is obtained while the spatial characteristic imaging of the object is obtained.
The spectrum acquisition technology aiming at the non-imaging mode of a specific target is an earlier means of a higher spectrum imaging technology, and has the characteristics of high test precision, simple technology integration level and the like, and is applied and popularized in various fields. In the actual use process, the monitoring is carried out on the ground, in a laboratory, in a small area and the like.
The existing spectrum acquisition scheme is basically structurally composed of a push rod motor, a transmission platform (guide rail), a fixed plane reflector, a moving plane optical fiber, a cosine corrector, a shutter structure, a control main board, a computer and the like, wherein a cosine correction module is used for acquiring solar radiation illumination information; the push rod motor and the parallel slide rail are used for switching the light path, the plane reflecting mirror is fixed on a triangular switching block, the switching block is fixedly connected with the parallel guide rail, and the plane reflecting mirror moves on the guide rail in parallel under the control of the motor; and the collection of the optical signals of the system is completed through optical fibers, and the collected optical signals are transmitted to a spectrometer. The plane reflector forms an angle of 45 degrees with the sunlight entering the optical fiber at the antenna end, and the plane reflector is removed, and other parts are all designed to be black, so that the influences of reflection and the like are prevented.
The structure mainly has two paths when acquiring signals: the optical fiber spectrum instrument is characterized in that the optical fiber spectrum instrument collects radiation brightness information (reference radiation illumination information and dark background information) of sunlight in space-time, the push rod motor moves the plane reflector to a specified position, so that signals collected by the cosine correction module completely enter the optical fiber spectrum instrument, after collection is completed, a shutter structure at the antenna end is rapidly closed, and dark background signals at the antenna end are rapidly collected. And at the moment, the shutter structure of the ground end blocks the target signal of the ground end under the control of the shutter control motor.
The other path is as follows: after the sunlight signal and the dark background signal of the antenna end are collected, the push rod motor can drive the reflector on one side of the antenna end to restore to the original position, and the optical fiber spectrometer does not receive any signal of the antenna end. The system controls the shutter structure to move away from a light ray inlet view field, a reflected signal of a target to be detected enters the system, and after a signal of the target to be detected to the ground end is acquired, the system sends an instruction, so that the shutter motor drives the shutter structure to finish the light ray to the ground end to continue entering the system, and the acquisition work of a dark background signal is finished. 4 kinds of signals need to be collected through command control. And meanwhile, other interference signals cannot be acquired.
This spectral acquisition scheme has certain advantages: the collection action of 4 signals at the two ends of the sky and the ground is completed through one optical fiber, and the distribution of the optical fiber core on the entrance slit of the spectrometer can well keep each signal to be collected in the optimal state. There are still a number of deficiencies:
1. the antenna test and the ground target test signal acquisition are sequentially carried out by adopting one optical fiber step by step, the antenna test and the ground target test cannot be completed in a very short time, the uplink acquisition time difference and the downlink acquisition time difference are large, and the problem of deviation of acquired information caused by the change of ambient light exists;
2. a very high precision moving mechanism is needed to complete the control of the required moving part, the optical fiber is fixed on a specific position, no adjustment allowance is left, and the requirement on a precision control part is very high; the whole structure is complex, the precision is poor, and the collection efficiency and the light receiving efficiency are low; the used reflector structure has limitation on the angle requirement of the target to be tested, and the reflector structure is not flexible enough and basically only can test the target vertically downwards;
3. the technical application platform for acquiring the target characteristic spectrum by the fiber spectrometer is mainly used for detecting a specific target in a limited range and limited information under a fixed platform, the structure is relatively fixed, the flexibility is poor, the fiber spectrometer is more suitable for monitoring small blocks and fixed areas in actual use, and various application requirements can not be flexibly met.
Therefore, how to achieve that different acquisition systems (detectors) approach to a synchronous effect in spectrum acquisition to complete acquisition of a target signal to be detected, and improve the integration, flexibility and universality of the whole system are the key points for improving spectrum acquisition quality and expanding the application range of the spectrum acquisition quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problems that the difference between the acquisition time of the radiation illumination information and the reference radiation illumination information of a target area is large, the acquired information deviation is large, the structure of a spectrum acquisition system is complex, the flexibility is poor and the like, the invention provides a double-branch X-shaped optical fiber with a special structure suitable for the spectrum acquisition system, and an unmanned aerial vehicle-based target, all-sky and dark background spectrum acquisition monitoring system applying the double-branch X-shaped optical fiber.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
a double-branch X-type optical fiber suitable for a spectrum acquisition monitoring system comprises two incident end optical fibers with a plurality of cores arranged in a linear array, wherein the two incident end optical fibers are crossly converged and fused in the middle and then equally divided into two outlet end optical fibers, the two incident end optical fibers are used for acquiring radiation illumination information and reference radiation illumination information of a target area and dark background information of the reference radiation illumination information and the reference radiation illumination information, and the two outlet end optical fibers are conveniently connected to two different target monitoring mechanisms, such as optical fiber spectrometers with different wave band ranges, different spectrum resolutions or different measurement precisions to complete data measurement and acquisition tasks so as to adapt to different application ranges; the information transmission mode of the double-branch X-shaped optical fiber can ensure that the radiation illumination information and the reference radiation illumination information of the target area to be detected can be synchronously acquired, so that the time difference of the acquisition of the radiation illumination information and the reference radiation illumination information of the target area to be detected is reduced to the minimum.
Further, the cores of the two outlet end optical fibers are arranged in a linear array in a crossed manner. The signals of the two incident ends are distributed equally and crossly, so that different monitors can synchronously receive signals from different directions and very close to the same area, and synchronous, close area and equivalent signal acquisition is realized.
Further, the cores of the two outlet end optical fibers are arranged in a crossed mode according to a ring structure to form a circle. After the two optical fibers at the input end receive signals in different directions, the signals output to the monitor can be equally distributed according to an annular structure after the signals are crossed and fused, the optical fibers with the annular cross arrangement structure are adopted, light spots with a circular structure are respectively formed at the output ends of the two optical fibers after the coupling action of the optical fibers, the annular light spot signals are crossed and mapped to different optical fiber inputs, the two different monitors can synchronously receive signals from different directions and in the same region, and the synchronous, same-region and equal-quantity signal acquisition is realized.
The target, all-sky and dark background spectrum acquisition and monitoring system comprises the double-forked X-type optical fiber, and further comprises an acquisition control system, a sky signal acquisition mechanism, a target signal acquisition mechanism and two target monitoring spectrometers; the sky signal acquisition mechanism comprises a shutter A and a cosine correction module, the cosine correction module is arranged on one side of an inlet end of the shutter A, and an output end of the shutter A is connected with one incident end optical fiber of the double-forked X-shaped optical fiber; the target signal acquisition mechanism comprises a shutter B, and the output end of the shutter B is connected with the other incident end optical fiber of the double-forked X-shaped optical fiber; and two outlet end optical fibers of the double-branch X-shaped optical fiber are respectively connected with two target monitoring spectrometers. The shutter structure controls a trigger signal provided by the main board through the acquisition control system to realize opening and closing actions, and the cosine calibration module aims to homogenize the acquired sunlight signal for measuring relative spectral intensity and absolute spectral intensity because the angle of sunlight is changed in real time.
Further, an imaging lens is mounted at the entrance end of the shutter B. The entrance end of the shutter B can be directly bare optical fiber or connected with imaging lenses with different focal lengths to monitor the target. After the imaging lens is connected, the image of the target can be clearly displayed by adjusting the focal length of the lens.
The target, all-sky and dark background spectrum acquisition and monitoring system based on the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the target, all-sky and dark background spectrum acquisition and monitoring system, and further comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle system, a three-dimensional stability augmentation cloud deck and a high-definition camera; the sky signal acquisition mechanism and the two target monitoring spectrometers are fixed on an unmanned aerial vehicle body, a three-dimensional stability augmentation cloud platform is arranged at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle body, a switching piece is fixed on the three-dimensional stability augmentation cloud platform, and the shutter B is fixed on the switching piece; the adapter is further provided with a high-definition camera for monitoring the target area to be detected in real time.
Further, the two purpose monitoring spectrometers are respectively a vegetation reflectivity signal detection spectrometer and a sunlight induced chlorophyll fluorescence signal detection spectrometer.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention uses the X-shaped optical fiber with special core diameter distribution to realize the cross fusion of input signals, and ensures that different monitors can equally acquire the input radiation illumination information and the reference radiation illumination information of the target area to be measured in the same time; the information transmission mode of the X-type optical fiber can ensure that the radiation illumination information and the reference radiation illumination information of the target area to be detected can be synchronously acquired, so that the time difference between the acquisition of the radiation illumination information and the reference radiation illumination information of the target area to be detected is reduced to the minimum, and the problem of information acquisition deviation caused by the change of ambient light is avoided;
2. the cores of the two outlet end optical fibers are arranged in a crossed manner according to the linear array, so that signals of two incident ends are distributed equally and crossly, different monitors can synchronously receive signals from different directions and very close to the same area, and synchronous, close area and equivalent signal acquisition is realized;
3. the cores of the two outlet end optical fibers are arranged in a crossed mode according to an annular structure to form a circle. The optical fibers with the annular cross arrangement structure are adopted, after the coupling action of the optical fibers, light spots with a circular structure are respectively formed at the output ends of the two optical fibers, and annular light spot signals are cross-mapped to different optical fiber inputs, so that two different monitors can synchronously receive signals from different directions and in the same area, and the acquisition of synchronous, same-area and equal-quantity signals is realized;
4. the invention relates to a target, all sky and dark background spectrum acquisition monitoring system, which is characterized in that double-branch X-shaped optical fibers are applied, the incident ends of the two double-branch X-shaped optical fibers are connected with a sky signal acquisition mechanism and a target signal acquisition mechanism to finish the acquisition of radiation illumination information, reference radiation illumination information and dark background information of a target area to be detected, the two outlet end optical fibers can be connected with different monitoring spectrometers according to application requirements, such as optical fiber spectrometers with different wave band ranges, different spectral resolutions or different measurement precisions to finish the measurement and acquisition tasks of data, the spectrum test range of a detected target is expanded, the precision and sensitivity of target information detection are improved, the integration level and the acquisition efficiency of the system are greatly improved, the performances of the stability, the reliability and the like of the system are synchronously optimized and upgraded, the complexity, the dark background information and the like of the system are reduced, The method has the advantages of one-sidedness, strong flexibility and wider application range;
5. the target, all-sky and dark background spectrum acquisition monitoring system can add a lens with fixed focal length to the optical fiber at the incident end of the sky signal acquisition mechanism, and the optical fiber has a certain light receiving angle which is only about 10 degrees under normal conditions, so that different fixed-focus lenses can be freely switched and added to lock a target area to be detected through structural design, and the universality is strong;
6. the target, all-sky and dark background spectrum acquisition and monitoring system based on the unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized in that the unmanned aerial vehicle can realize different heights, strong cruising ability, simple operation and the like, can detect, analyze, study and judge a plurality of different research objects in a large-area target, provides technical support for accurate qualitative and quantitative measurement of the target, is combined with a flexible monitoring spectrometer, can effectively and accurately acquire the spectrum fine structure information of the target to be detected, and can greatly improve the timeliness of the target to be monitored. The whole system is considered in all directions and at multiple angles, and the problems that at present, multiple signals are focused on the same target in the same time in the aspects of acquisition, transmission, calibration, accurate position positioning and the like are solved, so that the measured result can truly reflect the characteristics of the target to be measured.
7. The target, all sky and dark background spectrum acquisition and monitoring system based on the unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with the high-definition camera, the high-definition camera is used for designing a target end optical fiber probe structure and calibrating a view field, on one hand, the high-definition camera can clearly record RGB image information of a shooting area every time, and on the other hand, whether the flight system is in an area range of a target to be detected or not can be observed in real time; and, high definition camera all can note unmanned aerial vehicle at every turn when shooing target spectral information, and the RGB image in whole region that awaits measuring through the image concatenation, and the RGB composite image that forms at last can audio-visual grasp the region that the system shot, provides the help for the ground calibration measurement in later stage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double-furcated X-shaped optical fiber structure in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a double-furcated X-shaped optical fiber structure in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion I of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection relationship of the target, the whole sky and the dark background spectrum collection monitoring system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a target, all sky and dark background spectrum collection and monitoring system of the present invention based on an unmanned aerial vehicle;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the unmanned aerial vehicle-based target, all sky and dark background spectrum acquisition monitoring system structure of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the present invention showing a right view of the unmanned aerial vehicle based target, sky and dark background spectrum acquisition monitoring system configuration;
fig. 8 is a top view of the structure of the target, all sky and dark background spectrum collection monitoring system based on the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Reference numerals: 1-double-branch X-shaped optical fiber, 2-incident end optical fiber, 201-first incident end optical fiber core, 202-second incident end optical fiber core, 3-outlet end optical fiber, 4-system box, 5-cosine correction module, 6-adapter, 7-imaging lens, 8-high definition camera, 9-three-dimensional stability augmentation tripod head, 10-unmanned aerial vehicle body, 11-shutter A, 12-shutter B and 13-purpose monitoring spectrometer
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally arranged when products of the present invention are used, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and operated, and thus, cannot be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a dual-branch X-type optical fiber suitable for a spectrum collection monitoring system, which includes two incident end optical fibers 2 arranged in a linear array and having a plurality of cores, the two incident end optical fibers 2 are cross-merged and fused in the middle, and then equally divided into two exit end optical fibers 3, the two incident end optical fibers 2 are used for collecting radiation illumination information and reference radiation illumination information of a target region and dark background information thereof, and the two exit end optical fibers 3 are conveniently connected to two different target monitoring mechanisms, such as fiber spectrometers with different wavelength ranges (e.g., 350nm-1100nm, 900nm-1700nm, 1000nm-2500nm), different spectral resolutions or different measurement accuracies, and are used for completing measurement and collection tasks of data to adapt to different application ranges.
The information transmission mode of the double-branch X-shaped optical fiber can ensure that the radiation illumination information and the reference radiation illumination information of the target area to be detected can be synchronously acquired, so that the time difference of the acquisition of the radiation illumination information and the reference radiation illumination information of the target area to be detected is reduced to the minimum.
In this embodiment, the two incident end optical fibers 2 of the double-bifurcated X-shaped structure have a diameter of 1mm, and a single core with a diameter of 100um and a number of 8 cores is uniformly distributed on the diameter of the optical fiber core with a diameter of 1mm, and arranged in a linear array. After the two incident optical fibers are crossed, converged and fused in the middle, the two incident optical fibers are uniformly distributed on the optical fiber core at the outlet end.
As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the fiber cores at the two outlet ends are still arranged in a linear array, but the fiber cores are the structures in which the cores at the inlet ends are arranged in a cross arrangement for output, as shown in fig. 1: the ports of the first incident end optical fibers are linearly provided with 8 first incident end optical fiber cores 201, and the ports of the second incident end optical fibers are linearly provided with 8 second incident end optical fiber cores 202; after the optical fiber coupling, the optical fiber signals of the first incident end optical fiber core 201 and the second incident end optical fiber core 202 are split and flow to the two optical fiber outlet ends respectively, each optical fiber outlet end receives the signals of the first incident end optical fiber core 201 and the second incident end optical fiber core 202 respectively, and the signals are distributed equally and crossly, so that the detector can synchronously receive effective signals in different directions. The structure design is relatively easy, and the price cost is low; the input and output of the signals very close to the same region realize the acquisition of synchronous, close-to-region and equivalent signals.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the present embodiment is further optimized based on embodiment 1, and the specific differences are:
the cores of the two outlet end optical fibers are arranged in a crossed mode according to an annular structure to form a circle. The ports of the first incident end optical fiber are linearly arranged with 8 first incident end optical fiber cores 201, and the ports of the second incident end optical fiber are linearly arranged with 8 second incident end optical fiber cores 202; after optical fiber coupling, optical fiber signals of the first incident end optical fiber core 201 and the second incident end optical fiber core 202 are split and flow to two optical fiber outlet ends respectively, each optical fiber outlet end receives signals of the first incident end optical fiber core 201 and the second incident end optical fiber core 202 respectively, after the two optical fibers at the input end receive signals in different directions, after signals are crossed and fused, the signals output when entering the monitor can be equally distributed according to an annular structure, the optical fibers with an annular cross arrangement structure are adopted, after the coupling effect of the optical fibers, a light spot with a circular structure is formed at the output ends of the two optical fibers respectively, the annular light spot signals are crossed and mapped to different optical fiber inputs, the two different monitors can be ensured to synchronously receive signals from different directions and in the same area, and the acquisition of synchronous, same area and equivalent signals is realized. The detection area has no deviation, and the luminous flux is better.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment provides a target, all sky and dark background spectrum collection monitoring system, which includes a dual-branch X-type optical fiber 1, and further includes a collection control system, a sky signal collection mechanism, a target signal collection mechanism and two target monitoring spectrometers 13; the double-branch X-shaped optical fiber 1 comprises two incident end optical fibers 2 with a plurality of cores arranged in a linear array, the two incident end optical fibers 2 are crossed, converged and fused in the middle and then are equally divided into two outlet end optical fibers 3, the sky signal collection mechanism comprises a shutter A11 and a cosine correction module 5, the cosine correction module 5 is arranged on one side of the inlet end of the shutter A11, and the output end of the shutter A11 is connected with one of the incident end optical fibers of the double-branch X-shaped optical fiber 1; the target signal acquisition mechanism comprises a shutter B12, and the output end of the shutter B12 is connected with the other incident end optical fiber of the double-fork X-shaped optical fiber 1; and two outlet end optical fibers 3 of the double-branch X-shaped optical fiber 1 are respectively connected with two target monitoring spectrometers 13.
In this embodiment, the optical fiber is a double-branch X-type optical fiber, 8 cores with the same diameter are distributed in a space of 1mm, two-in and two-out mode are adopted, two incident end optical fibers respectively obtain the radiance of a sky end and a corresponding dark background signal thereof, the radiance of a ground target and a dark background signal thereof, and collected light paths are coupled and equally distributed and then input to different monitoring spectrometers, so that the monitoring spectrometers can obtain information of the same target area in a very short time.
The method has the advantages that when the effective signals are collected, the dark background signals corresponding to the target need to be collected, the designed shutter structure can be used for ensuring that after each effective signal is collected, the corresponding shutter can rapidly block all input end signals from entering to obtain real-time dark background signals, and the rapid switching of the shutter can ensure that the signals cannot be interfered. Therefore, shutter structures are designed at the inlet ends of the two optical fibers, and the purpose is to shoot dark background signals of corresponding targets. The optical fiber at the incident end of the antenna is firstly connected and fixed with the shutter A11, the shutter A11 realizes the opening and closing actions through the trigger signal provided by the system control main board, and the driving voltage is 5V. Then, a hemispherical cosine calibration module is arranged on one side of the inlet end of the shutter A11, and the purpose is to homogenize the collected sunlight signals for measuring relative spectral intensity and absolute spectral intensity because the angle of the sunlight changes in real time.
The cosine corrector, the shutter A11 and the optical fiber at the incident end of the antenna form a radiation probe, the probe is connected with two (or more) target monitoring spectrometers 13 built in the system and is used for measuring the radiation intensity of the light on the surface of the probe, the signals are respectively transmitted to the built-in target monitoring spectrometers 13 with equal brightness (signals) through the X-shaped optical fiber, and the signals are stored and recorded in a very short time.
The optical fiber at the incident end facing the object to be measured can be fixed with a fixed shutter B12 through a fixing member, as a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the imaging lens 7 is installed at the entrance end of the shutter B12. The entrance end of the shutter B12 can be directly bare optical fiber or connected with the imaging lens 7 with different focal lengths for monitoring the target. After the imaging lens 7 is connected, the image of the target can be clearly displayed by adjusting the focal length of the lens.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 5 to 8, the present embodiment provides a target, all sky and dark background spectrum collection monitoring system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, which includes a dual-branch X-shaped optical fiber 1, a collection control system, a sky signal collection mechanism, a target signal collection mechanism and two target monitoring spectrometers 13; the system also comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle system, a three-dimensional stability augmentation cloud deck 9 and a high-definition camera 8; the double-branch X-shaped optical fiber 1 comprises two incident end optical fibers 2 which are linearly arrayed and provided with a plurality of cores, and the two incident end optical fibers 2 are equally divided into two outlet end optical fibers 3 after being crossed, converged and fused in the middle; the sky signal collection mechanism comprises a shutter A11 and a cosine correction module 5, the cosine correction module 5 is arranged on one side of the inlet end of the shutter A11, and the output end of the shutter A11 is connected with one incident end optical fiber of the double-forked X-shaped optical fiber 1; the target signal acquisition mechanism comprises a shutter B12, and the output end of the shutter B12 is connected with the other incident end optical fiber of the double-fork X-shaped optical fiber 1; and two outlet end optical fibers 3 of the double-branch X-shaped optical fiber 1 are respectively connected with two target monitoring spectrometers 13. In this embodiment, the acquisition control system is preferably based on a Linux operating system, and the hardware: the raspberry praspberry, Arm chip platform develops corresponding software functions. The unmanned aerial vehicle system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle body, a GPS module, an antenna, an RTK module and the like, and can flexibly select mature products in the market according to actual application requirements.
The system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle body 10, a sky signal acquisition mechanism, two target monitoring spectrometers 13, a three-dimensional stability augmentation cloud platform 9, a shutter B12 and a control system, wherein the sky signal acquisition mechanism and the two target monitoring spectrometers 13 are fixedly installed in a system box 4 on the unmanned aerial vehicle body 10, the three-dimensional stability augmentation cloud platform 9 is arranged at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle body 10, the adaptor 6 is fixed on a workbench of the three-dimensional stability augmentation cloud; and a high-definition camera 8 is further installed on the adapter piece 6.
The high-definition camera 8 is designed in a system for observing a target area to be detected during ground test, the field of view shot by the high-definition camera 8 can be determined, the area shot by the optical fiber after the ground-end optical fiber is connected with the imaging lens 7 can be calculated through software design and calculation, and the high-definition camera 8, the imaging lens 7 and the ground-end optical fiber are fixed in a module structure and cannot generate relative displacement, so that the field of view of the ground-end optical fiber is searched by using green light spots emitted by a laser in the process, and a certain specific area in the field of view shot by the high-definition camera 8 can be determined to be the field of view shot by the ground-end optical fiber through an algorithm. When the data is actually acquired, because the unmanned aerial vehicle can complete the flight task through planning a navigation point or a manual mode, the unmanned aerial vehicle can conveniently determine whether the hovering position of the unmanned aerial vehicle is a target area to be detected through an above-ground monitoring platform by means of accurate positioning of the system on the ground, and the purpose that what you see is what you get is also achieved.
The spectrometer is convenient, rapid and accurate in measuring sky background radiation. Through optic fibre with spectrum appearance and environmental isolation, accurate optical element does not receive environmental pollution in the use, and is not fragile, is fit for the outdoor working, simultaneously, can also be according to research needs in the test application process through configuration different wave band scopes, the spectrum appearance of different spectral resolution or different measurement accuracy accomplishes the measurement and the collection task of data, combine the outdoor nimble operation of realization that can be fine with unmanned aerial vehicle, and general range is more extensive.
Example 5
The embodiment is further optimized on the basis of the embodiment 4, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the two purpose monitoring spectrometers 13 are a vegetation reflectivity signal detection spectrometer and a sunlight induced chlorophyll fluorescence signal detection spectrometer. The method is applied to measuring the reflection spectrum of vegetation and sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence signals, and promotes the near-field measurement of solar-induced fluorescence so as to support space observation and model verification required in the vegetation photosynthesis process.
In this embodiment, it is preferable to use a marine optical Flame spectrometer and a QE Pro spectrometer to test the reflectivity signal of the vegetation and the sunlight induced chlorophyll fluorescence signal, respectively. In the actual use process, when the same target needs to be monitored, the acquisition of the reflection spectrum information and the chlorophyll fluorescence information of the area to be monitored is completed within a very short time, the spectrum detector range of a Flame spectrometer is 350nm-1100nm, the reflectivity information of the target to be detected is concerned, the spectrum range of a QE Pro spectrometer is only 650nm-800nm, and the O2-A at 760nm and the O2-B signal at 689nm are concerned.
In the signal acquisition process, on one hand, a Flame spectrometer needs to acquire the reflection spectrum information of a target in real time, and simultaneously needs to acquire the radiation signal of sunlight and respective backgrounds at the same time; on the other hand, the QE Pro spectrometer also needs to acquire the sunlight-induced fluorescence signal of the target and the radiation information of the sunlight at the moment and the corresponding background information of the two in a very short time. Aiming at the same target to be detected, the double-branch X-type optical fiber is utilized to complete the acquisition of the ground detection signals and the sunlight signals of the two spectrometers in a very short time, and the acquisition of respective signal dark background signals, namely, the Flame spectrometer and the QE spectrometer can finally receive the signals of sky and sky dark background simultaneously, and can rapidly and synchronously acquire the dark background signals of sky and ground after 10ms of acquisition. The effect is prominent in functions of transmission, coupling, light splitting and the like. The combination unmanned aerial vehicle can realize characteristics such as different height, duration are strong, control simply, can survey, analysis study and judge a plurality of different research objects in the large tracts of land target, can be effective, accurate acquire the spectrum fine structure information of surveyed target, and overall system is nimble, collection efficiency and receives light efficiency and obtains effectively promoting.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a two branching X type optic fibre suitable for spectrum collection monitoring system which characterized in that, includes that two linear array arrange incident end optic fibre (2) that have several cores, two incident end optic fibre (2) are crossed in the centre and are joined the fusion back, and the impartial divide into two exit end optic fibre (3) again, two incident end optic fibre (2) are used for the collection of the regional radiation illumination information of target, reference radiation illumination information and their dark background information, and two exit end optic fibre (3) are connected to two different purpose monitoring mechanisms.
2. A double bifurcated X-ray fiber suitable for use in a spectral acquisition monitoring system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cores of two said exit fibers (3) are arranged in a linear array across.
3. The double-split X-ray fiber suitable for the optical spectrum collection monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the cores of the two outlet end fibers (3) are arranged in a ring structure in a crossed manner to form a circle.
4. A target, all-sky and dark background spectrum collection monitoring system comprising the double-split X-ray fiber of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a collection control system, a sky signal collection mechanism, a target signal collection mechanism and two target monitoring spectrometers (13); the sky signal collection mechanism comprises a shutter A (11) and a cosine correction module (5), the cosine correction module (5) is arranged on one side of an inlet end of the shutter A (11), and an output end of the shutter A (11) is connected with one incident end optical fiber of the double-branch X-shaped optical fiber (1); the target signal acquisition mechanism comprises a shutter B (12), and the output end of the shutter B (12) is connected with the other incident end optical fiber of the double-branch X-shaped optical fiber (1); and two outlet end optical fibers (3) of the double-branch X-shaped optical fiber (1) are respectively connected with two target monitoring spectrometers (13).
5. A target, all-sky and dark background spectral collection monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that the entrance end of said shutter B (12) is fitted with an imaging lens (7).
6. An unmanned aerial vehicle based target, all-sky and dark-background spectrum acquisition and monitoring system comprising the target, all-sky and dark-background spectrum acquisition and monitoring system of claim 4, further comprising an unmanned aerial vehicle system, a three-dimensional stability augmentation pan-tilt (9) and a high definition camera (8); the sky signal acquisition mechanism and the two target monitoring spectrometers (13) are fixed on an unmanned aerial vehicle body (10), a three-dimensional stability augmentation cloud platform (9) is arranged at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle body (10), a switching piece (6) is fixed on the three-dimensional stability augmentation cloud platform (9), and the shutter B (12) is fixed on the switching piece (6); the adapter (6) is further provided with a high-definition camera (8) for monitoring the target area to be detected in real time.
7. The unmanned aerial vehicle-based target, all-sky and dark background spectrum collection monitoring system according to claim 6, wherein the two purpose monitoring spectrometers (13) are a reflectivity signal detection spectrometer for vegetation and a sunlight induced chlorophyll fluorescence signal detection spectrometer.
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