CN111235470A - 具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN111235470A
CN111235470A CN201911094910.XA CN201911094910A CN111235470A CN 111235470 A CN111235470 A CN 111235470A CN 201911094910 A CN201911094910 A CN 201911094910A CN 111235470 A CN111235470 A CN 111235470A
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rolled steel
content
steel sheet
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grade cold
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薛鹏
朱晓东
李伟
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板及其制造方法，其成分质量百分比为：C：0.08～0.12％，Si：0.1～1.0％，Mn：1.9～2.6％，Al：0.01～0.05％，Cr：0.1～0.55％，Mo：0.1～0.5％，Ti：0.01～0.1％，余量为Fe和其他不可避免杂质。本发明所述钢板的屈服强度大于600MPa，抗拉强度大于980MPa，延伸率大于11％，扩孔率≥45％；所述冷轧钢板的显微组织为铁素体+贝氏体+马氏体；其中，铁素体体积分数含量大于10％，贝氏体体积分数含量大于35％，马氏体体积分数含量大于15％；显微组织中还包含均匀弥散分布的纳米级析出物，析出物平均尺寸小于20nm。

Description

具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板及其制造 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及冷轧钢板及其制造方法，尤其涉及一种具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板及其制造方法。
背景技术
随着全球能源危机和环境问题的加剧，节能和安全成为了汽车制造业的主要发展方向。高强钢具有良好的机械性能和使用性能，适于结构件的制造。
传统的冷轧钢板为了获得高扩孔率，常见的方法是通过连续退火+中温过时效的工艺路线使基体最终获得高比例的贝氏体组织(一般为贝氏体含量70％以上的复相钢)，从而减小组织的强度差别，提高扩孔率。这种类型的高扩孔钢板有固有缺点：高比例的贝氏体组织可以保证较高扩孔率，但含高比例贝氏体组织基体的延伸率不高，材料的加工性能下降。
另外一些其他获得高扩孔率冷轧高强钢如：
美国专利公开号US20180023155A1公开了一种伸长率、扩孔率优异的980MPa以上级超高强度冷轧钢板及其制造方法。其C：0.1-0.5％，Si：0.8-4.0％，Mn：1.0-4.0％，P：0.015％以下，S：0.005％以下，Al：0-2％，N：0.01％以下，Ti：0.02-0.15％，另外可添加其他元素。要求最终组织含有铁素体相、贝氏体相和马氏体相，且要求含有10-25％残余奥氏体相。其独特性在于依靠Si的添加获得残余奥氏体，从而获得较好延伸率和扩孔率，且扩孔率980MPa只能达到30％以上。
韩国专利公开号KR1858852B1公开了一种高延伸率、高韧性且扩孔率性能优异的980MPa以上级超高强度冷轧及其制造方法。其C：0.06-0.2％，Si：0.3-2.5％，Mn：1.5-3.0％，Al：0.01-0.2％，Mo：0-0.2％，Ti：0.01-0.05％，Ni：0.01-3.0％，Sb：0.02-0.05％，B：0.0005-0.003％，N：0.01％以下，余量为Fe和其他不可避免杂质。其独特性在于通过工艺控制回火马氏体和马氏体的比例并且通过Si元素的提高添加使最终组织包含20％以上残余奥氏体，最终获得较好的综合成型性能。
以上两个专利均介绍了依靠Si的添加获得残余奥氏体从而获得较好扩孔率的方法，两个专利均依靠高的Si含量添加。
目前超高强DP钢和QP钢具有良好的强度与塑性，但扩孔率(约为20％～35％)远远低于传统汽车用软钢的扩孔率；CP钢的扩孔率虽高，但其延伸率却过低。因此，在不低于DP钢延伸率基础上，开发扩孔改善型产品，应具备广阔应用场景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板及其制造方法，该冷轧钢板的屈服强度大于600MPa；其抗拉强度大于980MPa；其延伸率大于11％，其扩孔率≥45％；钢板达到980MPa级强度，最终组织包括35％以上贝氏体以获得较高扩孔率，马氏体体积分数含量大于15％以保证强度，其余组织为10％以上的铁素体以保证较高延伸率；组织中获得均匀弥散分布的纳米级析出物以获得较高的析出强化作用并减小相间强度差，从而获得优良的扩孔率。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
本发明钢设计的成分是以C+Mn+Cr+Mo+Ti为主的成分体系，通过C、Mn、Cr、Mo的配合设计，保证热轧卷取后发生扩散型的相变-铁素体相变从而产生大量相间析出纳米析出物，同时使贝氏体C曲线左移，最终组织中贝氏体体积分数含量大于35％，并保证一定的淬透性使最终组织中马氏体体积分数含量大于15％。
具体的，本发明所述的具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板，其化学成分质量百分比为：C：0.08％～0.12％，Si：0.1％～1.0％，Mn：1.9％～2.6％，Al：0.01％～0.05％，Cr：0.1～0.55％，Mo：0.1～0.5％，Ti：0.01～0.1％，余量为Fe和其他不可避免杂质；且，满足：1.8≥5×[C]+0.4×[Si]+0.1×([Mn]+[Cr]+[Mo])2≥1.3，[Mo]≥3×[Ti]。
本发明所述冷轧钢板的显微组织为铁素体+贝氏体+马氏体，外加均匀弥散分布纳米级析出物，其中贝氏体体积分数含量大于35％，马氏体体积分数含量大于15％，析出物平均尺寸小于20nm。
本发明所述钢板的的屈服强度大于600MPa，抗拉强度大于980MPa，延伸率大于11％，扩孔率≥45％。
在本发明所述钢板的成分设计中：
C：在本发明所述的钢板中，C元素的添加起到提高钢的强度，保证马氏体相变发生和纳米析出物产生。选择C含量在0.08％～0.12％之间，这是因为：当C的质量百分比低于0.08％，无法保证退火过程中产生足够的贝氏体和马氏体；无法保证析出足够的纳米析出物，则钢板的强度受到影响。当C的质量百分比高于0.12％，则造成马氏体硬度过高，晶粒尺寸粗大，不利于钢板的成型性能，且热轧卷取后不易进入铁素体相变，纳米析出无无法产生。C含量优选为0.09％～0.11％。
Si：添加Si可以提高淬透性。并且钢中固溶的Si可以影响位错的交互作用，增加加工硬化率，可以适当提高延伸率，有益于获得较好的成型性。Si含量控制在Si：0.1％～1.0％，优选为0.4％～0.8％。
Mn：添加Mn元素有利于钢的淬透性提高，有效提高钢板的强度。而选取Mn的质量百分比在1.9％～2.6％是因为：当Mn的质量百分比低于1.9％时，淬透性不足，退火过程中无法产生足量的马氏体，则钢板的强度不足；当Mn的质量百分比高于2.6％时，热轧卷取过程会进入贝氏体相变，无法产生相间析出的纳米析出物。因此，本发明中控制Mn的质量百分比在Mn：1.9-2.6％，优选为2.1％～2.4％。
Cr：Mn和Cr都是碳化物形成元素(固溶拖拽碳)，在考虑淬透性时，可以相互替换以保证强度。但添加Cr可以更好的推迟珠光体转变，使贝氏体相变区域左移，且对Ms点的降低作用小于Mn，所以Cr的合理添加对控制贝氏体含量大于30％，马氏体含量大于20％有更直接的作用。因此，本发明中控制Cr的质量百分比在Cr：0.1-0.55％，优选为0.2％～0.4％。
Al：添加Al起到了脱氧作用和细化晶粒的作用，因此，Al的质量百分比控制在Al：0.01％～0.05％，优选为0.015～0.045％。
Mo：添加0.1～0.5％的Mo，是因为：首先Mo是影响纳米析出物产生的最重要化合元素。Mo能提高Ti(C，N)在奥氏体中的固溶度，使大量的Ti保持在固溶体中，以便在低温转变中弥散析出，从而产生较高的强化效果。Mo的碳化物在较低温度和Ti碳氮化物一起复合析出，形成细小的纳米尺度析出相。优选0.2％～0.3％。
Ti：添加0.01～0.1％的Ti，是因为：Ti是纳米析出物的主要化合元素，同时Ti在高温下也显示出一种强烈的抑制奥氏体晶粒长大从而细化晶粒的效果。但在低碳钢中Nb、Ti等碳氮化物生成元素太多会影响后续的相变，所以合金元素含量需要控制上限，优选控制在Ti：0.02％～0.05％。
在本发明所述的技术方案中，杂质元素包括P、N、S，杂质含量控制得越低，实施效果越好，P的质量百分比控制在P≤0.015％，S形成的MnS严重影响成形性能，因而S的质量百分比控制在S≤0.003％，由于N容易导致板坯表面产生裂纹或气泡，因而，N≤0.005％。
在上述成分设计中，纳米析出物产生的主要阶段在热轧，热轧卷取后发生扩散型的相变-铁素体相变才能保证产生足量的相间析出纳米析出物，所以C、Mn、Cr、Mo的含量需合理设计，结合卷取温度的合理设计保证热轧卷取后发生扩散型的相变-铁素体相变。C、Mn、Cr、Mo的含量按公式5×[C]+0.4×[Si]+0.1×([Mn]+[Cr]+[Mo])2计算大于1.8，热轧发生铁素体相变几率减小，不利于纳米析出物生成。
同时，钢板冷轧连退后最终组织为铁素体+贝氏体+马氏体，C、Mn、Cr、Mo的含量需合理设计，保证贝氏体C曲线左移，保证最终贝氏体体积分数含量大于35％；保证一定的淬透性，保证最终马氏体体积分数含量大于15％，进而保证980MPa以上的抗拉强度。C、Mn、Cr、Mo的含量按公式5×[C]+0.4×[Si]+0.1×([Mn]+[Cr]+[Mo])2计算小于1.3，最终组织中贝氏体、马氏体比例不足，不利于最终获得980Mpa级抗拉强度。
所以本发明中C、Mn、Si含量还需符合公式：1.8≥5×[C]+0.4×[Si]+0.1×([Mn]+[Cr]+[Mo])2≥1.3，以保证最终组织为贝氏体体积分数含量大于35％，马氏体体积分数含量大于15％且均匀弥散分布大量纳米析出物。
另外，本发明钢板生产过程中Mo含量越多对Ti在奥氏体中固溶量的影响程度越大，会有更多的Ti(C，N)固溶奥氏体中等待相变时析出，相间析出的纳米级析出物也更多。为达到本发明最终组织需要的足量均匀弥散分布的纳米级析出物，本发明中Mo、Ti含量还需符合公式：[Mo]≥3×[Ti]。
本发明所述的低成本高成型性980MPa级冷轧钢板的制造方法，其包括如下步骤：
1)冶炼、铸造，按上述成分冶炼、铸造成坯；
2)热轧，先加热至1150-1250℃，保温0.5小时以上，然后采用Ar3以上温度热轧，轧后以30-100℃/s的速度快速冷却；卷取温度：600-750℃；
3)冷轧，控制冷轧压下率为30-70％；
4)退火，退火均热温度为810-870℃，优选830-860℃，均热保温时间50-100s；然后以3-10℃/s的速度冷却到快冷开始温度，快冷开始温度为660-730℃，然后再以30-200℃/s的速度冷却到200-460℃；
5)过时效，过时效温度为320-460℃，过时效时间为100-400s。
进一步，还包括步骤6)平整，采用0.05-0.3％的平整率。
在本发明所述钢板的制造方法中：
热轧工序采用特定的卷取温度：铁素体相变区卷取(600-750℃)。热轧卷取后发生扩散型的相变-铁素体相变才能保证相间析出足量的均匀弥散分布的纳米析出物。该成分体系的铁素体相变区温度在600-750℃之间，卷取温度低于600℃，进入贝氏体相变区，无法保证足量纳米析出物产生。
在所述退火步骤中，退火均热温度限定为810-870℃，均热保温时间50-100s。这是因为，在该退火温度下，即能保证获得980MPa的抗拉强度，又能保持足量均匀弥散纳米析出物保留。退火均热温度低于810℃或者均热保温时间小于50s，材料奥氏体化比例不够，最终组织无法产生足量马氏体，无法保证980MPa的抗拉强度；退火均热温度高于870℃或者均热保温时间大于100s，都会导致热轧卷取后产生的纳米析出物会长大和重新固溶进奥氏体，无法保证最终组织留存足量纳米析出物，无法保证析出强化和提高扩孔率的作用。
在所述退火步骤中，快冷开始温度为660-730℃。缓冷过程关系到连退过程中铁素体的生成量。快冷开始温度低于660℃，铁素体生成量太高，无法保证贝氏体和马氏体的最低含量。快冷开始温度高于730℃，无法保证足量铁素体产生，无法保证最终获得较高延伸率。缓冷过程发生扩散型的相变-铁素体相变，会有纳米析出物二次析出，保证最终铁素体组织中包含两次析出的纳米析出物以缩小和贝氏体、马氏体相的强度差。
在所述过时效步骤中，过时效温度为320-460℃。在这个温度范围内，才能保证最终组织中包含35％以上贝氏体。
相较于现有技术，本发明采用的技术路线是获得铁素体+贝氏体+马氏体的最终组织，且最终组织中包含细小弥散的纳米析出物，从而获得高扩孔率和较高延伸率。
本发明引入贝氏体可以改善原型双相钢铁素体+马氏体双相组织的相间强度差，提高扩孔率。牺牲的抗拉强度依靠纳米析出物的析出强化效果补强。最终铁素体组织中包含纳米析出物，从而使最终基体中的铁素体组织强化，缩小与基体中贝氏体、马氏体组织的强度差，最终获得高扩孔率。
另外，组织中的马氏体和细小弥散的纳米析出物可以保证材料较高的强度，铁素体组织和细化的晶粒可以保证较高延伸率，材料综合性能优良。
本发明钢板组织为10％以上铁素体+35％以上贝氏体+15％以上马氏体+均匀弥散分布的平均直径小于20nm的纳米析出物，从而在保证高强度的前提下扩孔率优良；其屈服强度大于600MPa，抗拉强度大于980MPa，延伸率大于11％，扩孔率≥45％，扩孔率高，延伸率较好。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的解释和说明，然而该解释和说明并不对本发明的技术方案构成不当限定。
本发明钢实施例的成分参见表1、表2，其成分余量为Fe。表3列出了实施例钢板的工艺参数。表4列出了实施例钢板的相关性能参数。
本发明钢实施例的制造方法如下：
(1)冶炼和铸造：获得要求的合金成分，尽量降低S、P的含量；
(2)热轧，先加热至1150-1250℃，保温0.5小时以上，然后采用Ar3以上温度热轧，轧后以30-100℃/s的速度快速冷却；热轧工序卷取温度600-750℃；
(3)冷轧，控制冷轧压下率为30-70％；
(4)退火，退火均热温度为810-870℃，优选830-860℃，均热保温时间50-100s；然后以v1＝3-10℃/s的速度冷却到快冷开始温度，快冷开始温度为660-730℃，然后再以v2＝30-200℃/s的速度冷却到200-460℃；
(5)过时效，过时效温度为320-460℃，过时效时间为100-400s。
进一步，还包括步骤6)平整，采用0.05-0.3％的平整率。
从表4可以看出，实施例1-12为本发明所述成分和工艺下获得冷轧钢板的机械性能：其屈服强度大于600MPa，抗拉强度大于980MPa，延伸率大于11％，扩孔率≥45％。
由此说明，本发明所述的980MPa级冷轧钢板在前提下，获得了大于980MPa的抗拉强度，且扩孔率优良。
Figure BDA0002268021270000081
Figure BDA0002268021270000091
Figure BDA0002268021270000101
Figure BDA0002268021270000111

Claims (12)

1.具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板，其化学成分质量百分比为：C：0.08％～0.12％，Si：0.1％～1.0％，Mn：1.9％～2.6％，Al：0.01％～0.05％，Cr：0.1～0.55％，Mo：0.1～0.5％，Ti：0.01～0.1％，余量为Fe和其他不可避免杂质；且，满足：1.8≥5×[C]+0.4×[Si]+0.1×([Mn]+[Cr]+[Mo])2≥1.3，[Mo]≥3×[Ti]。
2.如权利要求1所述的具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板，其特征在于：所述C含量为0.09％～0.11％。
3.如权利要求1所述的具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板，其特征在于：所述Si含量为0.4％～0.8％。
4.如权利要求1所述的具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板，其特征在于：所述Mn含量为2.1％～2.4％。
5.如权利要求1所述的具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板，其特征在于：所述Al含量为0.015～0.045％。
6.如权利要求1所述的具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板，其特征在于：所述Cr含量为0.2％～0.4％。
7.如权利要求1所述的具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板，其特征在于：所述Mo含量为0.2％～0.3％。
8.如权利要求1所述的具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板，其特征在于：所述Ti含量为0.02％～0.05％。
9.如权利要求1至8中任何一项所述的具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板，其特征在于：所述冷轧钢板的显微组织为铁素体+贝氏体+马氏体；其中，铁素体体积分数含量大于10％，贝氏体体积分数含量大于35％，马氏体体积分数含量大于15％；显微组织中还包含均匀弥散分布的纳米级析出物，析出物平均尺寸小于20nm。
10.如权利要求1至9中任何一项所述的具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板，其特征在于：所述冷轧钢板的屈服强度大于600MPa，抗拉强度大于980MPa，延伸率大于11％，扩孔率≥45％。
11.如权利要求1至10中任何一项所述的具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板的制造方法，其特征是，包括如下步骤：
1)冶炼、铸造，按权利要求1至10中任何一项所述的成分冶炼、铸造成坯；
2)热轧，先加热至1150-1250℃，保温0.5小时以上，然后采用Ar3以上温度热轧，轧后以30-100℃/s的速度快速冷却；卷取温度：600-750℃；
3)冷轧，控制冷轧压下率为30-70％；
4)退火，退火均热温度为810-870℃，优选830-860℃，均热保温时间50-100s；然后以3-10℃/s的速度冷却到快冷开始温度，快冷开始温度为660-730℃，然后再以30-200℃/s的速度冷却到200-460℃；
5)过时效，过时效温度为320-460℃，过时效时间为100-400s。
12.如权利要求11所述的具有高扩孔率和较高延伸率的980MPa级冷轧钢板的制造方法，其特征是，还包括步骤6)平整，采用0.05-0.3％的平整率。
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