CN111233501B - 一种用于炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种用于炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯及其制备方法，由80~90wt%的铬刚玉，2~8wt%氧化锆，5~10wt%复合添加剂及6.5~7.2wt%水混合，将搅拌10~20min得到的泥料在浇注模具内振动成型。复合添加剂由60~75wt%纯铝酸钙水泥，5~10wt%碳酸锂，1~3wt%氧化钇，5~12wt%三聚磷酸铵，5~12wt%六偏磷酸钠及2~5wt%氧化硼搅拌均匀制成。所制备风口砖砖芯强度大，抗侵蚀性强、抗热震稳定性好以及气体利用率高，节能的同时便于扒渣作业。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有色金属冶炼领域，具体涉及一种用于炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯及其制备方法。
背景技术
炼铜阳极精炼炉主要对吹炼粗铜进行氧化除杂、还原除氧进而得到纯度99.3%以上的精炼铜。阳极精炼过程包括进料、氧化扒渣、还原、浇铸四个作业阶段，氧化扒渣和还原过程均是通过风口砖砖芯向铜液中分阶段吹入压缩空气、氮气、天热气等不同介质来完成杂质元素的脱除。生产中风口砖砖芯主导全局作用，支配着介质射流与熔体的接触面积、熔池的搅拌强度、杂质元素的氧化还原反应速率、熔池的升温速度以及扒渣效果。同时也是炼铜阳极精炼炉薄弱环节，需承受高温、冲刷以及温度波动，易造成结构剥落、断裂或烧损。
目前行业内设计安装的氧化还原风口砖砖芯普遍采用奥美RHI喷射型、MetJet型口及混合喷射型等，大多使用烧成刚玉—尖晶石、铬刚玉材质，生产中易发生砖体剥落使用寿命短、天然气回火、熔池搅拌强度过大及扒渣困难等问题，同时存在气体介质利用率低及反应速率低等现象，一定程度上影响粗铜阳极精炼炉生产的安全、连续、高效运行。
因此，提供一种气体利用率高、抗侵蚀和抗热震稳定性强的氧化还原风口砖砖芯，已经是一个值得研究的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯及其制备方法。
基于上述目的，本发明采取如下技术方案：
一种用于炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯，由80~90wt%的铬刚玉，2~8wt%氧化锆，5~10wt%复合添加剂及6.5~7.2wt%水混合均匀，将均匀搅拌的泥料浇注模具内振动成型后，经养护、干燥、煅烧即得。
优选地，由85wt%的铬刚玉，3wt%氧化锆，5wt%复合添加剂及7%水搅拌混匀而成泥料制得。
进一步地，所述复合添加剂由60~75wt%纯铝酸钙水泥，5~10wt%碳酸锂，1~3wt%氧化钇，5~12wt%三聚磷酸铵，5~12wt%六偏磷酸钠及2~5wt%氧化硼搅拌均匀制成。
优选地，所述复合添加剂由70wt%纯铝酸钙水泥， 8wt%碳酸锂，2wt%氧化钇，10wt%三聚磷酸铵，7wt%六偏磷酸钠及3wt%氧化硼搅拌均匀制成。
进一步地，所述铬刚玉纯度≥99.8%，粒度为1~8mm；所述氧化锆纯度≥90%，氧化锆粒度400~600目。
进一步地，所述添加剂中：纯铝酸钙水泥粒度为1000~1200目；碳酸锂纯度≥98.5%，粒度400~600目；氧化钇纯度≥98.5%，粒度600~800目；三聚磷酸铵粒度为粒度150~220目；六偏磷酸钠粒度为150~220目；氧化硼纯度≥98.5%，粒度200~400目。
上述述用于炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）模具底板和上线板根据设计预留孔，将若干直径相同的聚乙烯条串在固定位置上下线板孔中，聚乙烯条直径大小为3mm~10mm；
（2）将各原料混合，搅拌均匀得泥料，将泥料浇注到模具内并振动成型；
（3）成型后脱模的坯子在室温养护1~3天，以2~5℃/h的升温速率升温至130~150℃条件下干燥1~3天，随炉冷却至自然温度后的半成品以130~150℃的升温速率在1650℃~1720℃条件下保温15~25h高温烧制，随炉冷却至室温即得。
本发明制备的炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯依照黑色冶金行业标准(YB/T 4118-2003)测定：常温耐压强度80~90MPa，常温抗折强度15~20MPa，静态坩埚法抗渣实验侵蚀指数为2-4%，荷重软化温度1600℃以上。
本发明的有益效果是：通过加入定量的氧化锆和稳定剂氧化钇改善材料的高温强度和抗侵蚀性能，增强了风口砖砖芯的抗热震稳定性，可有效解决风口砖砖芯在作业过程中出现的使用寿命短的问题；在满足生产的情况下，通过扩大气体流通截面积适当减弱搅拌强度，提高了气体介质与熔体的接触面积，有效防止了熔体对炉衬耐火材料的机械冲刷；风口砖砖芯的多通道气孔设计增加了入炉气体介质的弥散性，提高了气体利用率和反应速率，同时减少了铜液与渣层的波动程度，便于扒渣。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯的结构示意图。
图中左图是本发明风口砖砖芯的结构示意图，右图为风口砖砖芯A-A剖视图。图中：1.砖芯筒体密封层；2.砖芯顶端密封层；3.入口气体通道； 4.风口砖砖芯；5.风口砖砖芯内部气体通道,6.凹陷。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细说明，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
下述实施例中风口砖砖芯使用的铬刚玉纯度≥99.8%，粒度为1~8mm；氧化锆为焦作李封工业有限责任公司生产的5Y钇稳定氧化锆粉，纯度≥90.6%，氧化锆粒度400~600目；氧化钇纯度≥98.5%，粒度600~800目；三聚磷酸铵粒度为粒度150~220目；六偏磷酸钠粒度为150~220目；氧化硼纯度≥98.5%，粒度200~400目。
实施例1
一种用于炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯的制备方法，过程如下：
（1）按照下述比例称取各原料：铬刚玉85wt%，氧化锆3wt%，复合添加剂细粉5wt%及生产水7wt%；
所述复合添加剂由70wt%纯铝酸钙水泥，8wt%碳酸锂，2wt%氧化钇（氧化钇作为稳定剂），10wt%三聚磷酸铵，7wt%六偏磷酸钠及3wt%氧化硼（氧化硼作为烧结剂）组成，将复合添加剂中的各组分搅拌均匀，备用；
（2）将各原料混合搅拌15min得到泥料，将泥料浇注模具内振动成型，所述模具底板和上线板根据设计预留孔，将直径5mm聚乙烯条串固定在上、下线板孔中；
（3）成型后脱模的坯子在室温养护2天，以5℃/h的升温速率升温至130℃条件下干燥2天，随炉冷却至自然温度后的半成品以20℃/h的升温速率在1650℃条件下保温15h，随炉冷却至室温后，将烧成品分别依照图1砖芯要求组装焊接而成。
如图1所示，风口砖砖芯4呈圆台形，风口砖砖芯4内设有从大头端贯穿至小头端的风口砖砖芯内部气体通道5，风口砖砖芯内部气体通道5直径为3mm~10mm,风口砖砖芯4大头端中部设有深L=10mm的凹陷6从而在风口砖砖芯4大头端的圆周形成对砖芯顶端密封层2的支撑，侧壁外侧设有砖芯筒体密封层1，砖芯筒体密封层1材质为1~3mm厚不锈钢，大头端外侧设有砖芯顶端密封层2，砖芯顶端密封层2材质为8~10mm厚不锈钢，砖芯顶端密封层2中部设有入口气体通道3，气体通道材质为直径48mm，厚3.5mm的不锈钢管，入口气体通道3和凹陷6相通，还原气体从入口气体通道3进入，通过凹陷6以及风口砖砖芯内部气体通道5进入精炼炉内。
风口砖砖芯内部空气通道5横截面积之和与入口气体通道3横截面积占比在0.9—1.2之间。过大影响砖芯强度，过小影响气体流量和使用效果。入口气体通道3大小依据气体压力和流量要求设计。
本发明制备的炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯依照黑色冶金行业标准(YB/T 4118-2003)测定：常温耐压强度90MPa，常温抗折强度20MPa，静态坩埚法抗渣实验侵蚀指数为2%，荷重软化温度1650℃。
实施例2
一种用于炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯的制备方法，过程如下：
（1）按照下述比例称取各原料：铬刚玉88wt%，圣戈班陶瓷材料公司生产的单斜活性氧化锆3wt%，复合添加剂2wt%及生产水7wt%；
所述复合添加剂由70wt%纯铝酸钙水泥，7wt%碳酸锂，3wt%氧化钇，10wt%三聚磷酸铵，8wt%六偏磷酸钠及2wt%氧化硼组成，将复合添加剂各组分搅拌均匀，备用；
（2）将各原料混合搅拌15min得到泥料，将泥料浇注模具内振动成型，所述模具底板和上线板根据设计预留孔，将直径10mm聚乙烯条串固定在上、下线板孔中。
（3）成型后脱模的坯子在室温养护2天，以5℃/h的升温速率升温至140℃条件下干燥2天，随炉冷却至自然温度后的半成品以20℃/h的升温速率在1700℃条件下保温25h，随炉冷却至室温后，将烧成品依照图1砖芯要求组装焊接而成。
本发明制备的炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯依照黑色冶金行业标准(YB/T 4118-2003)测定：常温耐压强度85MPa，常温抗折强度15MPa，静态坩埚法抗渣实验侵蚀指数为4%，荷重软化温度1630℃。
对比实施例3
一种用于炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯的制备方法，过程如下：
（1）按照下述比例称取各原料：铬刚玉91wt%，复合添加剂3wt%及生产水7wt%。
所述复合添加剂由70wt%纯铝酸钙水泥， 7wt%碳酸锂，11wt%三聚磷酸铵， 9wt%六偏磷酸钠细粉及3wt%氧化硼组成，将各原料搅拌均匀，备用；
（2）将各原料混合搅拌15min得到泥料，将泥料浇注模具内振动成型，所述模具底板和上线板根据设计预留孔，将直径10mm聚乙烯条串固定在上、下线板孔中。
（3）成型后脱模的坯子在室温养护2天，以5℃/h的升温速率升温至140℃条件下干燥2天，随炉冷却至自然温度后的半成品以20℃/h的升温速率在1700℃条件下保温25h，随炉冷却至室温后，将烧成品依照图1组装焊接而成。
本发明制备的炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯依照黑色冶金行业标准(YB/T 4118-2003)测定：常温耐压强度75MPa，常温抗折强度15MPa，静态坩埚法抗渣实验侵蚀指数为8%，荷重软化温度1600℃。
通过以上对比可以发现，通过加入定量的氧化锆和稳定剂氧化钇能有效改善材料的高温强度和抗侵蚀性能，增强了风口砖砖芯的抗热震稳定性，可有效解决风口砖砖芯在作业过程中使用寿命短的问题，有效防止了熔体对炉衬耐火材料的机械冲刷。
在此说明书中，本发明已参照其特定的实施例作了描述。但是，很明显仍可以做出各种修改和变更而不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此，说明书应被认为是说明性的而非限制性的。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯，其特征在于，由80~90wt%的铬刚玉，2~8wt%氧化锆，5~10wt%复合添加剂及6.5~7.2wt%水混合，铬刚玉、氧化锆、复合添加剂和水的质量百分比之和为100%，将均匀搅拌的泥料浇注模具内振动成型后，经养护、干燥、煅烧即得；所述复合添加剂由60~75wt%纯铝酸钙水泥，5~10wt%碳酸锂，1~3wt%氧化钇，5~12wt%三聚磷酸铵，5~12wt%六偏磷酸钠及2~5wt%氧化硼搅拌均匀制成，风口砖砖芯呈圆台形，风口砖砖芯内设有从大头端贯穿至小头端的风口砖砖芯内部气体通道，风口砖砖芯内部气体通道直径为3mm~10mm，风口砖砖芯大头端中部设有深L=10mm的凹陷，从而在风口砖砖芯大头端的圆周形成对砖芯顶端密封层的支撑，侧壁外侧设有砖芯筒体密封层，大头端外侧设有砖芯顶端密封层，砖芯顶端密封层中部设有入口气体通道，入口气体通道和凹陷相通，还原气体从入口气体通道进入，通过凹陷以及风口砖砖芯内部气体通道进入精炼炉内，风口砖砖芯内部空气通道横截面积之和与入口气体通道横截面积占比在0.9—1.2之间，所述铬刚玉纯度≥99.8%，粒度为1~8mm；所述氧化锆纯度≥90%，氧化锆粒度400~600目；所述复合添加剂中：纯铝酸钙水泥粒度为1000~1200目；碳酸锂纯度≥98.5%，粒度400~600目；氧化钇纯度≥98.5%，粒度600~800目；三聚磷酸铵粒度为150~220目；六偏磷酸钠粒度为150~220目；氧化硼纯度≥98.5%，粒度200~400目；
所述风口砖砖芯通过下述过程获得：
（1）模具底板和上线板根据设计预留孔，将若干直径相同的聚乙烯条串固定在上、下线板孔中，聚乙烯条直径大小为3mm~10mm；
（2）将各原料混合，搅拌均匀得泥料，将泥料浇注到模具内并振动成型；
（3）成型后脱模的坯子在室温养护1~3天，以2~5℃/h的升温速率升温至130~150℃条件下干燥1~3天，随炉冷却至自然温度后的半成品以20℃/h的升温速率在1650℃~1720℃条件下保温15~20h高温烧制，随炉冷却至室温即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述用于炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯，其特征在于，由85wt%的铬刚玉，3wt%氧化锆，5wt%复合添加剂及7wt%水搅拌混匀而成泥料制得。
3.根据权利要求1所述用于炼铜阳极精炼炉作业过程中输送氧化还原气体的风口砖砖芯，其特征在于，所述复合添加剂由70wt%纯铝酸钙水泥，8wt%碳酸锂，2wt%氧化钇，10wt%三聚磷酸铵，7wt%六偏磷酸钠及3wt%氧化硼搅拌均匀制成。
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