CN111233165A - Compound dephosphorization filter material - Google Patents
Compound dephosphorization filter material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111233165A CN111233165A CN202010061680.3A CN202010061680A CN111233165A CN 111233165 A CN111233165 A CN 111233165A CN 202010061680 A CN202010061680 A CN 202010061680A CN 111233165 A CN111233165 A CN 111233165A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/06—Aerobic processes using submerged filters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
- C02F3/105—Characterized by the chemical composition
- C02F3/107—Inorganic materials, e.g. sand, silicates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2003/001—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
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- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
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- C02F2101/203—Iron or iron compound
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite dephosphorizing filter material, which comprises volcanic rock with the grain diameter of 1-2cm, the porosity of 45-50 percent and the volume weight of 0.7-0.9g/cm3The porous dephosphorization filter material comprises 71.5 wt% of fly ash, 4.5 wt% of cement, 18.9 wt% of quicklime and 5.1 wt% of calcium oxidewt% gypsum. In the sewage treatment process, the dephosphorizing effective component calcium ions in the filter material form a compound which is difficult to dissolve in water through chemical adsorption and precipitation reaction and phosphorus in the sewage, and the compound is fixed on the filter material or is discharged along with water flow and precipitated at the bottom of a pool, so that the function of removing the phosphorus in the sewage is achieved. Meanwhile, the filter material is porous, a large number of various microorganisms can be attached to the filter material, and various organic pollutants in sewage can be degraded.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a composite dephosphorizing filter material, belonging to the field of sewage treatment.
Background art:
the related data show that the enrichment of phosphorus content is the most main reason for the water pollution problems of ocean red tide, water eutrophication and the like, the removal of phosphorus in sewage is one of the most important links in the sewage treatment process, is an important index for whether the sewage treatment system can reach the standard or not, is a bottleneck for whether the small and medium-sized domestic sewage treatment system can reach the standard or not, and the removal and control of phosphorus in sewage are more and more highly regarded.
The traditional domestic sewage treatment process mainly adopts biological dephosphorization or chemical dephosphorization, the treatment efficiency of the former is low, and the removal rate is about 30-40%; the chemical agent has good phosphorus removal effect, but the traditional chemical phosphorus removal mode has high treatment cost and is easy to cause secondary pollution. Especially, in the first-class small domestic sewage treatment plant of villages and towns, the chemical dephosphorization is difficult to realize from the aspects of use cost and operation of professional personnel.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a composite dephosphorizing filter material.
The invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a composite dephosphorizing filter material contains volcanic rock with 1-2cm of grain size and porosity of 45-50% and volume weight of 0.7-0.9g/cm3The volcanic rock is used for attaching microorganisms for degrading pollutants, intercepting and filtering large impurities, bidirectionally regulating the alkalinity of the hyaluronic acid, adsorbing heavy metal ions and killing harmful bacteria; the porous dephosphorizing filter material is a building aerated block byproduct and comprises the components of 71.5 wt% of fly ash, 4.5 wt% of cement, 18.9 wt% of quicklime and 5.1 wt% of gypsum.
Furthermore, the porous dephosphorizing filter material is prepared by heating, inflating and pore-forming through high-temperature steam at 200 ℃, and then crushing and granulating.
Further, when the method is used for dephosphorization of wetland, the content of volcanic rock is 5-10% vol.
Further, when the dephosphorization agent is used for dephosphorization in a biological filter, the content of the volcanic rock is 40-60% vol.
The principle and basis of the composite filter material preparation are as follows:
the phosphorus content in domestic sewage is generally 5-10mg/L, most of which is inorganic compound phosphorus and is dissolvedMainly orthophosphates and condensed ring phosphates, and a small proportion of organically bound phosphorus, which is present in dissolved or undissolved form. Condensed ring-fused phosphorus and organo-phosphorus (nucleic acids) are generally converted to orthophosphates (PO) in sewer networks or during sewage treatment4 3-)。
In the sewage treatment process, a proper chemical agent is added, mixed with soluble phosphate in the sewage and subjected to precipitation reaction to form granular and insoluble substances, and the precipitates are periodically cleaned and removed, so that the aim of removing phosphorus in the sewage can be fulfilled.
The chemical agents used for chemical phosphorus removal are mainly metal salt agents and calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime). For economic reasons, the metal salt agents used for phosphorus precipitation are mainly: fe3+、Al3+、Fe2+Salt and lime, the reaction formula is as follows:
Al3++P04 3-→AlPO4↓pH6～7
Fe3++PO4 3-→FePO4↓pH5～5.5
5Ca2++3PO4 3-+OH-→Ca5(PO4)3OH↓pH≥8.5
according to the principle, the calcium compound is selected as the raw material of the chemical phosphorus removal filter material in combination with the actual problems of sewage treatment, such as the condition of pH value of treated water, the cost condition of a medicament, the physical and chemical properties and characteristics of the medicament, and the like.
Firstly, the calcium compound is cheap and very easy to obtain; secondly, the calcium compound is easy to be crushed and mixed with other materials, and is easy to be made into mixed materials with various physical forms after being mixed with a certain amount of other suitable materials; thirdly, the reaction process of the calcium compound is mild and slow, which is beneficial to long-term sustained effect; and fourthly, the pH value of domestic sewage in northern areas is basically more than 7, and the pH value is more than 8.5 in the sewage treatment process by using lime filter materials, so that the calcium compound is very suitable to be used as a dephosphorization agent according to the reaction formula.
The most suitable physical form of the solid filtering material adopted by the sewage is porous substances with a certain grain diameter (1-5 cm). The porous substance has large specific surface area, which is beneficial to the attachment and growth of a large amount of microorganisms, and in addition, the large specific surface area ensures that the filter material has more contact surfaces with sewage, and ensures that calcium ions in the composite filter material and phosphate ions in the sewage have more reaction opportunities.
The porosity of the composite filter material reaches 45-50%, and the volume weight is 0.7-0.9g/cm3。
In the process of manufacturing the filter material, the quicklime is used, the quicklime is gradually converted into slaked lime until the limestone in the manufacturing process, the filter material is generally always in a sewage body or is continuously contacted with sewage in the sewage treatment process, calcium ions in calcium carbonate (limestone) can continuously dissociate in the water according to a chemical principle, when the calcium ions are contacted with phosphate ions in the sewage, a precipitation reaction is carried out to generate granular solid substances which are insoluble in water, or the granular solid substances are discharged along with water flow and settled at the bottom of a pool or adsorbed on the surface of the filter material, so that the aim of removing phosphorus in the sewage is fulfilled. The reaction formula is as follows:
5Ca2++3PO4 3-+OH-→Ca5(PO4)3OH↓pH≥8.5
the invention has the advantages that: in the sewage treatment process, the dephosphorizing effective component calcium ions in the filter material form a compound which is difficult to dissolve in water through chemical adsorption and precipitation reaction and phosphorus in the sewage, and the compound is fixed on the filter material or is discharged along with water flow and precipitated at the bottom of a pool, so that the function of removing the phosphorus in the sewage is achieved. Meanwhile, the filter material is porous, a large number of various microorganisms can be attached to the filter material, and various organic pollutants in sewage can be degraded.
In addition, from equation 5Ca2++3PO4 3-+OH-→Ca5(PO4)3OH ↓pHis greater than or equal to 8.5 known, the pH value of reaction is close to the standard of pH value 9 of the first class A effluent standard, when using alone, the pH value of the treated effluent often exceeds 9, can't meet the requirement of discharging up to standard.
Volcanic rock is used as a traditional high-quality filter material for sewage treatment, has good porous physical properties, is very suitable for attachment and growth of various microorganisms including nitrobacteria, and is widely recognized and utilized for bidirectionally adjusting the pH value of a water body, adsorbing heavy metal ions and killing harmful bacteria.
In combination with the phenomenon of overhigh pH value of the dephosphorizing filter material, the filter material is mixed and compounded for use, the pH value of the effluent water quality is ensured to reach the standard by utilizing the function of bidirectional pH value adjustment of volcanic rock, and according to experimental data, the volume ratio of the two filter materials, namely volcanic rock: when the dephosphorizing filter material is 0.5-1.5:10, the pH value of the treated water can reach below 9, and the treated water meets the pH value standard of GB class A.
Description of the drawings:
in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a water treatment system according to embodiment 2.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The composite dephosphorizing filter material comprises two components, namely: volcanic rock, particle size: 1-2 cm; and the second method comprises the following steps: porous special dephosphorization filter material (air entrainment piece by-product for building), particle size: 1.5-3.0cm, porosity: 40-50%, volume weight: 0.7-0.95g/cm3The main components of the filter material are as follows: 71.5 wt% of fly ash, 4.5 wt% of cement, 18.9 wt% of quicklime and 5.1 wt% of gypsum; filter elementThe material preparation process comprises the following steps: heating with 200 deg.C high temperature steam, aerating to form holes, and crushing into granules.
Example 2
The composite dephosphorizing filter material of example 1 is used for carrying out dephosphorization treatment on an artificial wetland, the treatment site is in a dara photovoltaic base, a treatment system is shown in fig. 1, a composite biofilter adopts an impulse type multi-point sewage distributor disclosed in CN201821351534.9 for water distribution, and the artificial wetland adopts a greenhouse alternating interchange type artificial wetland disclosed in cn201821190937. x.
The main process comprises the following steps:
1. the sewage enters a water collecting well at the tail end of the pipeline after being collected by the pipeline and then passes through a mechanical grating to remove floating objects and suspended matters in the water so as to protect the normal operation of the water pump.
2. The sewage after the grating treatment enters a septic tank for primary degradation, and is lifted by a filtering lifting pump to enter a multifunctional biodegradation tank.
3. In the multifunctional biodegradation tank and the subsequent processes, the sewage is biodegraded and purified through the aerobic process of the composite biological filter and the contact oxidation tank and the anaerobic process of the multifunctional biodegradation tank.
4. At the tail end of the system, an artificial wetland is arranged, the artificial wetland adopts a composite dephosphorization filter material to carry out advanced treatment and filter material dephosphorization on sewage, and the treated effluent enters a clean water area (a water storage tank).
5. The clear water area (water storage tank) is mainly used for storing water and is provided with an automatic and manual water delivery pump to deliver treated water to a water demand place for reasonable use.
The main structures of this case include: an integrated combined pool and a solar glass greenhouse.
The sunlight glass greenhouse is an integral structure formed by a lower tank body and an upper sunlight glass greenhouse on the basis of the top of the outer tank wall of the integrated combined tank.
An integrated combined pool: quantity: 1 seat (semi-underground type)
Total size: 19.5X 16.3X H2.5m (outer wall net size)
The main structure is as follows: the steel concrete structure is added with a waterproof, anticorrosion, anti-seepage and heat-insulating structure.
The integrated combined pool and the backflow comprise: the device comprises a multifunctional biodegradation tank, a water collecting tank, a composite biofilter, a contact oxidation tank, an artificial wetland, a water storage tank, a small reflux of the contact oxidation tank entering the water collecting tank and a large reflux of the wetland entering the water collecting tank. The reflux can be adjusted in width according to the treatment requirement, a water distribution pump and an aeration pump are lifted in the system, the system is operated in an intelligent control mode, and the operation state is automatically adjusted according to the treatment requirement.
The main design parameters of the integrated combined pool are as follows:
a multifunctional biodegradation tank: the hydraulic retention time is more than or equal to 10 hours; reflux ratio: 50 to 150 percent
A composite biological filter: the hydraulic retention time is more than or equal to 3 hours; reflux ratio: 150 to 300 percent
A contact oxidation pond: the hydraulic retention time is more than or equal to 2 hours; reflux ratio: 150 to 300 percent
Artificial wetland: the hydraulic retention time is more than or equal to 36 hours; reflux ratio: 100 to 200 percent
Solar glass greenhouse: total size: 19.4X 16.2X H4.1m (outer wall net size)
The main structure is as follows: the wall body is divided into two parts, and the sun surface is a lighting and heat-insulating structure with 6+0.76pvb +6 laminated glass; and the other three surfaces are a 240mm brick wall and a 10mm heat-insulating material wall.
Heat preservation facilities: the top is provided with an automatic heat-preservation roller shutter, the interior of the greenhouse is subjected to heating design according to the standard that the room temperature is not lower than 10 ℃ in the lowest temperature period in winter, the expected heating period is shorter, and an electric heating facility is recommended.
The excess sludge produced by the sewage treatment system is small in engineering scale, the sludge production amount of the ecological comprehensive treatment technology is very low, a sludge dewatering facility is not arranged, and the settled sand, the sludge, the sediment and the non-degradable suspended matters in each functional tank can be regularly cleaned, sucked and transported outside.
After sewage enters the wetland, besides conventional sewage wetland deep purification, phosphorus (orthophosphate ions) in the sewage is combined with calcium ions dissociated from the dephosphorizing filter material, precipitation reaction is carried out, water-insoluble particles are formed, the particles are adsorbed on the surface of the filter material, or the particles are discharged from the wetland along with wetland water flow and enter a diversion basin among wetland units, and the diversion basin is cleaned regularly, so that a very remarkable dephosphorization effect can be achieved.
In the case of the sewage treatment system, the treatment capacity is 100t/d, the wetland is divided into 6 wetland units, and the volume of the wetland units is as follows: length, width, height, 5.9, 5.4, 2.1m3。
And paving a special porous dephosphorizing filter material with the thickness of 1.5m and the particle size of 1.5-3.0cm in the interior of each wetland unit pool body according to the wetland regulation requirement, and paving a volcanic filter material with the thickness of 10cm above the special dephosphorizing filter material, wherein the height of the water body above the filter material is 30 cm.
The volume of the filter material of each wetland unit is as follows: 47.79m3The total amount of the filter materials of the 6 wetland units is as follows: 286.74m3≈300m3Wherein, the volume of the composite filter material is as follows: the volume of the daily treated water is 2-3: 1.
The 6 wetland units are communicated in series, water flows enter and exit in a mode of water inlet at the middle lower part and water outlet at the lower part, and sewage flows sequentially pass through the wetland units.
In the sewage treatment process, when the pH value is in the range of 8.5-10.5, calcium carbonate is generated in addition to calcium phosphate precipitation, and the reaction formula is as follows: ca2++CO3 2-→ CaCO3 ↓, under the condition of certain pH value, the adding amount of calcium is in direct proportion to the sewage alkalinity, in order to ensure the effective and lasting removal of phosphor by the filter material, we must ensure the using amount of the composite filter material and maintain reasonable alkalinity acidity.
The volume of the biological filter is 13.0 × 2.0 × 2.3 cubic meters, and a glass fiber reinforced plastic grid with the thickness of 5cm is laid at the lower part of the biological filter, which is 50cm away from the bottom of the biological filter, so that the biological filter plays roles of supporting filter materials and permeating water; laying a special dephosphorizing filter material with the height of 75cm and the grain diameter of 1.5-3.0cm on the upper part of the glass fiber reinforced plastic grid; and a volcanic rock filter material with the thickness of 75cm is paved on the upper part of the dephosphorized filter material, and a pulse porous water distributor is arranged at the top of the volcanic rock filter material.
When sewage passes through the filter material layer through the wetland, large polluted organic matter molecules are intercepted and filtered by the filter material layer; small organic molecules are preyed and degraded by various microbial flora attached to the surfaces of the two filter materials; in addition, the sewage is well purified by the functions of dephosphorization, sterilization, heavy metal ion adsorption and the like of the composite filter material.
The usage amount of the biological filter is-water treatment amount: 0.25-0.3% of composite filter material: 1.
the use results are analyzed and detected in 8 months in 2019, the treatment effect is very obvious, and the total phosphorus index is as follows: the index of total phosphorus in inlet sewage is 6.20 mg/L, the index of total phosphorus in treated effluent is 0.06 mg/L, and the removal rate is more than 95%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. The composite dephosphorizing filter material is characterized by comprising volcanic rock with the grain diameter of 1-2cm, the porosity of 45-50 percent and the volume weight of 0.7-0.9g/cm3The porous dephosphorization filter material comprises 71.5 wt% of fly ash, 4.5 wt% of cement, 18.9 wt% of quicklime and 5.1 wt% of gypsum.
2. The compound dephosphorizing filter material of claim 1, wherein said porous dephosphorizing filter material is prepared by heating with steam at 200 ℃ and aerating to form pores, followed by crushing and granulating.
3. The compound dephosphorizing filter material of claim 2, wherein the volcanic rock content is 5-10% vol when used for dephosphorizing in wet land.
4. The compound dephosphorizing filter material of claim 2, wherein the volcanic rock content is 40-60% vol when used for dephosphorizing in biofilter.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113044963A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-29 | 广东昂为环保产业有限公司 | Active biological filter material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113443717A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-09-28 | 杭州霖波环保科技有限公司 | Sewage treatment system based on AO technology and constructed wetland |
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