CN111232624B

CN111232624B - Soil cleaning machine

Info

Publication number: CN111232624B
Application number: CN202010072191.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 范春成
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-01-21
Filing date: 2020-01-21
Publication date: 2021-10-08
Anticipated expiration: 2040-01-21
Also published as: CN111232624A

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil cleaning machine, comprising: a tractor to provide power and move over the ground; the soil crushing device is used for crushing soil; the conveying belt is used for conveying the crushed soil; a power transmission device for performing power transmission; the soil crushing device is arranged at the front end of the tractor and is used for crushing soil passing by the tractor; the conveying belt is arranged on the side part of the soil crushing device and is used for conveying the soil crushed by the soil crushing device; be provided with the rear output shaft on the tractor, power transmission device installs inside clear native machine, including transmission shaft and gear box, will the power of rear output shaft conveys respectively hack device and conveyer belt. The soil cleaning machine has strong power and flexible action, enhances the sustainability of soil cleaning work, reduces the consumption of manpower and material resources, effectively improves the working efficiency, and strives for precious time for the planting of the vegetable greenhouse in the next season.

Description

Soil cleaning machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural equipment, in particular to a soil cleaning machine.

Background

In the vegetable greenhouse, after crops in the previous season are harvested, the soil in the greenhouse needs to be cleaned again, and the soil is prevented from hardening.

Common soil cleaning equipment is a manual fork-shaped or rake-shaped soil cleaning tool, and consumes large manpower and material resources; even if the soil cleaning device driven electrically or mechanically is arranged, the operation of the soil cleaning device can not get rid of manual control of people, and the working efficiency is seriously low.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the soil cleaning machine which can be attached to a tractor, can clean soil on a walking path along with the movement of the tractor and effectively improve the working efficiency.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

an earth cleaning machine comprising:

a tractor to provide power and move over the ground;

the soil crushing device is used for crushing soil;

the conveying belt is used for conveying the crushed soil;

a power transmission device for performing power transmission;

the soil crushing device is arranged at the front end of the tractor and is used for crushing soil passing by the tractor; the conveying belt is arranged on the side part of the soil crushing device and is used for conveying the soil crushed by the soil crushing device; the power transmission device is arranged inside the soil cleaning machine and comprises a transmission shaft and a gear box, and the power transmission device transmits the power of the rear output shaft to the soil crushing device and the conveying belt respectively.

Further, the soil crushing device comprises a shell and a packing auger horizontally arranged on the inner side of the shell; the casing includes along the bounding wall of auger axial extension, and the both ends of bounding wall are provided with the backplate that prevents soil and splash, bounding wall and backplate have constituted the semi-enclosed construction of casing.

Furthermore, the coaming reaches be provided with between the tractor the support frame of hack device, be provided with on the anterior terminal surface of tractor and be used for right the pneumatic cylinder that the hack device carries out position control.

Further, the conveyer belt includes and is used for with soil after the auger is smashed carries out the vertical conveyer belt that promotes, vertical conveyer belt slope is installed the lateral part of auger.

Further, the conveying belt also comprises a transverse conveying belt used for conveying the lifted soil outwards, the transverse conveying belt is horizontally or obliquely arranged and transversely outputs the soil lifted from the longitudinal conveying belt to a transport vehicle; and a height adjuster is arranged at the lower part of the transverse conveying belt.

Further, the transmission shaft comprises a driving shaft and a driven shaft, the rear output shaft outputs power through the driving shaft, and the driving shaft transmits the power received from the rear output shaft to the driven shaft through the gear box; the driven shaft comprises a first driven shaft used for driving the packing auger to rotate, a second driven shaft used for driving the longitudinal conveying belt, and a third driven shaft used for driving the transverse conveying belt.

Furthermore, the packing auger comprises a central rotating shaft, the end parts of the central rotating shaft and the first driven shaft on the same side are provided with driving gears, a chain is connected between the two driving gears, and the packing auger rotates under the rotation of the first driven shaft through the chain; install helical blade on the central rotation axis, be provided with high rigidity alloy tool bit on the helical blade for smash soil and then pass through helical blade will smash the terminal of auger is carried to soil after the auger.

Further, the gear box includes a main gear box for transmitting the power on the driving shaft to the first driven shaft and the second driven shaft, and a sub gear box for transmitting the power received by the second driven shaft to the third driven shaft; umbrella gears are arranged in the main gear box and the auxiliary gear box respectively and used for outputting power in a steering mode.

Furthermore, the extension tail end of the driving shaft in the main gearbox is provided with a driving bevel gear, the end parts of the first driven shaft and the second driven shaft in the main gearbox are respectively provided with a driven bevel gear meshed with the driving bevel gear, and the driven bevel gears are respectively arranged on two sides of the driving bevel gear.

Further, the driven bevel gear is mounted on the second driven shaft inside the range gearbox, the driven bevel gear is also mounted on the third driven shaft at the end inside the range gearbox, and the driven bevel gears mesh with each other to transmit the power part on the second driven shaft to the third driven shaft.

The soil cleaning machine adopts the tractor as the walking device and the power source, utilizes the rear output shaft of the tractor to transmit the power to the change gear box in front of the soil cleaning machine through the transmission shaft, and further transmits the power to the soil crushing device and the conveying belt through the change gear box respectively. The tractor drives the soil breaking device and the conveying belt to synchronously operate along with the advance of the tractor, so that the auger on the soil breaking device rotates to break soil, meanwhile, the broken soil is conveyed to the side part of the auger to enter the conveying belt, and the soil is conveyed to a transport vehicle through the lifting and transverse transmission of the conveying belt.

Through adopting the tractor to drive the hack device and carry out the clearance of soil, power is powerful, and the action is nimble, has strengthened the sustainability to soil cleaning work, has reduced the consumption of manpower and materials, has effectively improved work efficiency, has striven for the valuable time for the planting of vegetable greenhouse next quarter.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the soil cleaning machine of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the scarifier;

FIG. 3 is a rear view of the scarifier;

FIG. 4 is a left side schematic view of the earth cleaning machine;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a power transmission device of the soil cleaning machine;

FIG. 6 is a front left side view of the scarifier;

fig. 7 is a front right side view of the scarifier.

In the figure: the automatic soil breaking device comprises a tractor 1, a rear output shaft 11, a soil breaking device 2, a packing auger 21, a central rotating shaft 211, a helical blade 212, a driving gear 213, a chain 214, a transmission gear 215, a coaming 22, a guard plate 23, a support frame 24, a hydraulic cylinder 25, a conveying belt 3, a transverse conveying belt 31, a height adjuster 311, a longitudinal conveying belt 32, a power transmission device 4, a driving shaft 41, a main gearbox 42, a secondary gearbox 43, a first driven shaft 44, a second driven shaft 45, a third driven shaft 46, a driving bevel gear 47 and a driven bevel gear 48.

Detailed Description

In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as specifically indicating or implying relative importance.

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following description is made in the form of specific embodiments.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the soil cleaning machine of the present invention comprises a crawler tractor 1 as a power source and moving flexibly on the ground, a soil crushing device 2 for crushing soil is installed at the front end of the tractor 1, and the soil through which the tractor travels is crushed; a conveying belt 3 for conveying the crushed soil is arranged at the side part of the soil crushing device 2, the conveying belt 3 comprises a longitudinal conveying belt 32 for lifting the crushed soil at the horizontal rotating tail end of the soil crushing device and a transverse conveying belt 31 which is connected with the longitudinal conveying belt 32 and is used for transferring the soil to a transport vehicle; the power of the tractor 1 is mainly transmitted to the soil breaking device and the two conveying belts respectively through the rear output shaft 11 as power output, the power transmission is realized through the power transmission device, the power transmission device specifically comprises a transmission shaft and a gear box, the power steering transmission can be realized through the transmission shaft and the gear box, the rotating directions of different transmission shafts are changed, and the purpose of normal operation of each operating device is achieved.

According to the soil cleaning machine, the tractor capable of moving flexibly is integrated with the soil crushing device and the conveying belt, so that the flexibility of integral operation is improved, the tractor serves as a power source, the installation of additional power equipment is reduced, the equipment investment and the installation cost are reduced, and meanwhile, the operation equipment does not need to be distributed and controlled electrically, so that the integral structure is simpler and lighter, and the practicability is effectively improved.

Referring to fig. 1-2 in conjunction with fig. 6-7, the soil crushing device 2 in this embodiment includes a housing and an auger 21 horizontally installed inside the housing; the casing includes the bounding wall 22 along auger 21 axial extension, and the both ends of bounding wall 22 are provided with the backplate 23 that prevents soil splash, and bounding wall 22 and backplate 23 have constituted the semi-enclosed construction of casing. Specifically, the coaming 22 comprises an arc-shaped panel matched with the shape of the packing auger 21 and a horizontally extending flat plate (not shown in the figure) connected with the bottom end of the arc-shaped panel, and the coaming 22 integrally and horizontally extends along the axial direction of the packing auger 21; guard plates 23 are arranged at two ends of the enclosing plate 22, and the enclosing plate 22 is combined with the guard plates 23, so that the soil is effectively prevented from splashing. In addition, because the flat plate at the lower end of the arc-shaped panel is arranged between the arc-shaped panel and the packing auger 21, and the length of the flat plate is greater than that of the packing auger 21, during specific operation, crushed soil is thrown out along the radial direction of the packing auger 21, and falls onto the horizontal flat plate in a smooth manner after being blocked by the arc-shaped panel, then the soil is pushed forwards on the horizontally extending flat plate under the action of the packing auger 21 and is conveyed to the tail end of the packing auger 21, and finally the soil is output outwards through the longitudinal conveying belt 32, so that a good guiding effect is achieved.

At the top of bounding wall 22, be provided with the support frame 24 that realizes that hack device 2 and tractor 1 are connected, this support frame 24 specifically sets up between bounding wall 22 and tractor 1, the one end of support frame 24 is fixed on bounding wall 22, the other end of the support frame 24 of installing on tractor 1 is mobilizable connected relation with the wall of tractor 1, the accessible sets up the form of universal joint, make hack device 2 can regard the universal joint on tractor 1 wall as the strong point, realize the activity and support, this activity is supported and also is out of angle adjustable angle setting to the position of hack device 2 simultaneously. On the front end face of the tractor 1, a hydraulic cylinder 25 for adjusting the position of the soil breaking device 2 is arranged, and the hydraulic cylinder 25 can adjust the soil breaking device 2 horizontally and in height so as to meet the use requirements under different operation conditions and enlarge the application range of the soil cleaning machine.

The ground soil is completed by the longitudinal conveyer belt 32 arranged at the side part of the packing auger 21 and the transverse conveyer belt 31 continuously connected with the longitudinal conveyer belt 32, the longitudinal conveyer belt 32 mainly lifts the ground soil of the packing auger 21, and the transverse conveyer belt 31 realizes the outward output of the soil. The transverse conveyor belt 31 is mounted on top of the longitudinal conveyor belt 32, in particular also in an inclined mounting. In the present invention, the extending mode of the packing auger 21 is defined as a longitudinal direction, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is defined as a transverse direction. The lower part of the transverse conveying belt 31 is also provided with a height adjuster 311 with adjustable height, the adjuster is also in the form of a hydraulic cylinder 25, the output height of the soil can be easily realized through the height adjustment, and the use requirements of different types of soil receiving and transporting vehicles are met. Of course, the transverse conveyor belt 31 can be horizontally installed, so that the soil is conveyed more stably in a horizontal conveying state.

Referring to fig. 5, and with reference to fig. 3 to 4, the transmission shaft of the power transmission device 4 of the present invention includes a driving shaft 41 and a driven shaft, wherein the driving shaft 41 is arranged in parallel with the rear output shaft 11 of the tractor 1 at an interval and includes a power receiving end and a power transmitting end, the power receiving end and the end of the rear output shaft 11 are both provided with a transmission gear 215, the transmission gears 215 run synchronously through a chain 214, so as to transmit the power on the rear output shaft 11 to the driving shaft 41, and further transmit the power received by the driving shaft to the driven shaft through a gear box; the driven shafts specifically include a first driven shaft 44 for driving the auger 21 to rotate, a second driven shaft 45 for driving the longitudinal conveyor belt 32, and a third driven shaft 46 for the transverse conveyor belt 31.

Firstly, the operation of the packing auger 21 is explained, the packing auger 21 in this embodiment includes a central rotating shaft 211, the driving gears 213 are installed at the same side end portions of the central rotating shaft 211 and the first driven shaft 44, a chain 214 is connected between the two driving gears 213, and the central rotating shaft 211 rotates under the rotation of the first driven shaft 44 through the chain 214, so as to drive the normal operation of the whole packing auger 21; install helical blade 212 on the central rotation axis 211, be provided with high rigidity alloy tool bit on the helical blade 212 for smash soil and then transmit the transmission end of auger 21 through helical blade 212 with the soil after smashing, high rigidity alloy tool bit has stronger mechanical strength, when the higher impurity of hardness such as stone appears in soil, can reduce rotary blade's wearing and tearing, reduce the cost of maintenance in later stage, and effectively improved the life of hack device 2.

In detail, referring to fig. 5, from the perspective of how power is transmitted, the gear box of the present embodiment includes a main gear box 42 for transmitting the power received by the drive shaft 41 from the rear output shaft 11 to the first driven shaft 44 and the second driven shaft 45, and a sub-gear box 43 for transmitting the power received by the second driven shaft 45 to the third driven shaft 46; bevel gears are provided in the main gear case 42 and the sub-gear case 43 to output power in a steering manner. Specifically, the driving shaft 41 is provided with a driving bevel gear 47 at an extending end inside the main gear box 42, and driven bevel gears 48 engaged with the driving bevel gear 47 are provided at end portions of the first driven shaft 44 and the second driven shaft 45, respectively, and the two driven bevel gears 48 are provided at both sides of the driving bevel gear 47 in a symmetrical relationship. The rotation directions of the first driven shaft 44 and the second driven shaft 45 can be reversed by the bevel gears, and when the driving shaft 41 rotates in the vertical direction as an axis, the first driven shaft 44 and the second driven shaft 45 can rotate in the horizontal direction as an axis, thereby realizing the reverse output of the power. The device is used for meeting the normal rotation of the auger 21 which is transversely arranged under the drive of the first driven shaft 44 and the running of the longitudinal conveying belt 32 which is directly driven by the second driven shaft 45, the longitudinal conveying belt runs by taking the second driven shaft 45 as a reel, and the longitudinal conveying of the conveying belt can be realized under the state that the second driven shaft 45 rotates along the transverse direction as an axis.

The power of the transverse belt 31 in this embodiment is partially extracted from the second driven shaft 45. Specifically, the transverse belt 31 runs in the opposite direction to the longitudinal belt 32, which requires power flow between the longitudinal belt 32 and the main gearbox 42 on the second driven shaft 45, and also requires a reverse power output form, and the power transmission of the part is specifically completed in the sub-gearbox 43. A sub-gear box 43 is arranged in the middle of the second driven shaft 45, namely between the longitudinal conveyor belt 32 and the main gear box 42, a driven bevel gear 48 is arranged in the sub-gear box 43 of the second driven shaft 45, a driven bevel gear 48 is also arranged at the end part of the third driven shaft 46, and the two driven bevel gears 48 are meshed to transmit the power part on the second driven shaft 45 to the third driven shaft 46. Note that, since the driving shaft 41 needs to perform power splitting for the soil breaking device 2 and the conveyor belt during power transmission, the first driven shaft 44 and the second driven shaft 45 are concentrically spaced; in the power splitting process of the transverse conveyor belt 31, the second driven shaft 45 also simultaneously drives the longitudinal conveyor belt 32, so that the second driven shaft 45 is a continuous whole in the auxiliary gear box 43, only one driven bevel gear 48 is sleeved in the middle of the second driven shaft 45, and the driven bevel gear 48 is meshed with the driven bevel gear 48 at the end of the third driven shaft 46 to complete power output of the two driven shafts in different rotating directions and drive the two conveyor belts to drive in different transverse and longitudinal conveying directions.

The tractor of the invention is a crawler tractor, and the running gear is composed of a guide wheel, a follower wheel, a thrust wheel, a driving wheel and a crawler. When in operation, the driving wheel winds the crawler belt to do circular motion, and the thrust wheel rolls on the track of the crawler belt to move forwards or backwards. The soil-sticking agent has the advantages of small pressure per unit area of soil, good adhesion performance to soil, no skid and the like, and has better passing performance in moist and soft soil. The crawler tractor is highly matched with the operation working condition in the invention, thereby weakening the secondary rolling of the ground soil on one hand, and flexibly operating on soft soil on the other hand, keeping the highly flexible maneuverability of the crawler tractor and effectively improving the working efficiency.

It is emphasized that by adopting the soil cleaning machine, the manual operation is greatly liberated, the soil on the walking path is easily cleaned while the tractor moves, and the working efficiency is effectively improved.

Finally, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not intended to be limiting. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An earth-cleaning machine, comprising:

a tractor to provide power and move over the ground;

the soil crushing device is used for crushing soil;

the conveying belt is used for conveying the crushed soil;

a power transmission device for performing power transmission;

the soil crushing device is arranged at the front end of the tractor and is used for crushing soil passing by the tractor; the conveying belt is arranged on the side part of the soil crushing device and is used for conveying the soil crushed by the soil crushing device; the power transmission device is arranged in the soil cleaning machine and comprises a transmission shaft and a gear box, and the power transmission device transmits the power of the rear output shaft to the soil crushing device and the conveying belt respectively;

the soil crushing device comprises a shell and a packing auger horizontally arranged on the inner side of the shell; the shell comprises a coaming extending along the axial direction of the auger, two ends of the coaming are provided with guard plates for preventing soil from splashing, and the coaming and the guard plates form a semi-closed structure of the shell;

the coaming comprises an arc-shaped panel matched with the shape of the packing auger and a horizontally extending flat plate connected with the bottom end of the arc-shaped panel;

a support frame of the soil breaking device is arranged between the enclosing plate and the tractor, and a hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the position of the soil breaking device is arranged on the front end surface of the tractor;

the conveyer belt comprises a longitudinal conveyer belt used for lifting the soil crushed by the auger, and the longitudinal conveyer belt is obliquely arranged on the side part of the auger;

the conveying belt also comprises a transverse conveying belt used for conveying the lifted soil outwards, the transverse conveying belt is horizontally or obliquely arranged and transversely outputs the soil lifted from the longitudinal conveying belt to a transport vehicle; the lower part of the transverse conveying belt is provided with a height adjuster;

the transmission shaft comprises a driving shaft and a driven shaft, the rear output shaft outputs power through the driving shaft, and the driving shaft transmits the power received from the rear output shaft to the driven shaft through the gear box; the driven shaft comprises a first driven shaft for driving the packing auger to rotate, a second driven shaft for driving the longitudinal conveying belt and a third driven shaft for driving the transverse conveying belt;

the packing auger comprises a central rotating shaft, the end parts of the central rotating shaft and the first driven shaft on the same side are provided with driving gears, a chain is connected between the two driving gears, and the packing auger rotates under the rotation of the first driven shaft through the chain; the central rotating shaft is provided with a helical blade, and the helical blade is provided with a high-hardness alloy cutter head for crushing soil and conveying the crushed soil to the tail end of the auger through the helical blade;

the gearbox comprises a main gearbox used for transmitting power on the driving shaft to the first driven shaft and the second driven shaft, and a secondary gearbox used for transmitting part of power received by the second driven shaft to the third driven shaft; umbrella-shaped gears are arranged in the main gear box and the auxiliary gear box respectively and used for steering and outputting power;

the extending tail end of the driving shaft in the main gearbox is provided with a driving bevel gear, the end parts of the first driven shaft and the second driven shaft in the main gearbox are respectively provided with a driven bevel gear meshed with the driving bevel gear, and the driven bevel gears are respectively arranged at two sides of the driving bevel gear;

the second driven shaft is provided with the driven bevel gear inside the auxiliary gear box, the end part of the third driven shaft inside the auxiliary gear box is also provided with the driven bevel gear, and the driven bevel gears are meshed to transmit a power part on the second driven shaft to the third driven shaft.