CN111230515A - 一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法 - Google Patents
一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/06—Metal-working plant comprising a number of associated machines or apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
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- B08—CLEANING
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- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B19/00—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work
- B21B19/02—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work the axes of the rollers being arranged essentially diagonally to the axis of the work, e.g. "cross" tube-rolling ; Diescher mills, Stiefel disc piercers or Stiefel rotary piercers
- B21B19/04—Rolling basic material of solid, i.e. non-hollow, structure; Piercing, e.g. rotary piercing mills
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
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- B21B37/46—Roll speed or drive motor control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/004—Heating the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes
- B21C1/22—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
- B21D3/02—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,通过钢锭锻造成圆管坯、去头、扒皮、加热、穿孔、打头、酸洗、多道次冷拔、淬火、电镀、矫直、表面检查、修磨、抛光、水压或超声波探伤、入库后得到锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管;生产周期短,良品率高,内外表面无裂纹、折叠、轧伤、压坑,表面无拉伤、无氧化皮、无残酸、无碰伤,抗拉强度Rm460‑500N/mm2,尺寸精度高,力学性能优异,延伸率35‑45%,表面质量好,方法工序简便,无需用到热挤压机,清洁环保,机械性能优异,成本低廉,屈服强度RP200‑220 N/mm2。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,属于无缝钢管生产技术领域。
背景技术
不锈钢无缝钢管是一种具有中空截面、周边没有接缝的长条钢材。是耐空气、蒸汽、水等弱腐蚀介质和酸、碱、盐等化学浸蚀性介质腐蚀的钢管。又称不锈耐酸钢管。
不锈钢无缝管是耐空气、蒸汽、水等弱腐蚀介质和酸、碱、盐等化学浸蚀性介质腐蚀的钢管。又称不锈耐酸钢管。
不锈钢无缝管是一种中空的长条圆形钢材,广泛用于石油、化工、医疗、食品、轻工、机械仪表等工业输送管道以及机械结构部件等。另外,在折弯、抗扭强度相同时,重量较轻,所以也广泛用于制造机械零件和工程结构。也常用作生产各种常规武器、枪管、炮弹等。
发明内容
解决的技术问题:本申请所要解决的技术问题是现有技术表面易拉伤、产生裂纹、压坑,使用寿命短,耐腐蚀性差和硬度低等技术问题,提供了一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法。
技术方案:
为解决上述技术问题,本申请采用的技术方案为:
一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,通过钢锭锻造成圆管坯、去头、扒皮、加热、穿孔、打头、酸洗、多道次冷拔、淬火、电镀、矫直、表面检查、修磨、抛光、水压或超声波探伤、入库后得到锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案:所述锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法具体包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将冶炼得到的不锈钢钢锭检验化学成分后经锻造得到实心圆管坯,切除头尾料后将实心圆管坯切割定长,外层扒皮处理,扒皮0.5-1.5mm,去除表面氧化皮;
步骤二:将扒皮后的实心圆管坯加热至1000-1100℃,保温1-2h后将实心圆管坯在直流变频穿孔机机床上进行穿孔,穿孔温度950-1050℃,在实心圆管坯两端面分别穿孔,在实心圆管坯中段使中心孔对接;
步骤三:对穿好孔的圆管坯内部再次打磨,消除划伤后对圆管坯进行打头,然后对圆管坯进行酸洗,所述酸洗采用硝酸、硫酸、氢氟酸中的一种或几种混合物,酸洗时间为40-60min,酸洗温度为35-55℃;
步骤四:对酸洗后的圆管坯利用冷拔机进行第一道次冷拔,控制冷拔变形量34-40%,冷拔后进行第一道次浸泡、清洗并晾干,所述清洗先采用碱性溶剂溶剂清洗,清除冷拔时的润滑剂和磨削产生的金属粒子,然后采用超声波清水清洗;
步骤五:将晾干的圆管坯进行退火处理,处理温度为750-850℃,处理时间20-30min,然后进行第二道次冷拔,第二道次冷拔变形量为36-38%,冷拔后进行第二道次浸泡、清洗并晾干,再将晾干的圆管坯进行退火处理,处理温度为750-850℃,处理时间20-30min,然后进行第三道次冷拔,第三道次冷拔变形量为38-40%,冷拔后进行第三道次浸泡、清洗并晾干;
步骤六:将晾干后的圆管坯进行淬火处理,淬火温度1000-1100℃,回火温度600-650℃,淬火完成后的圆管放入电镀镍或电镀铬槽中进行电镀处理;
步骤七:电镀处理后的圆管进行矫直、表面检查、修磨、抛光、水压或超声波探伤、入库后得到锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案:所述步骤三中硝酸浓度为200-220g/L,硫酸浓度为35-40 g/L,氢氟酸浓度为30-40g/L。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案:所述步骤六中淬火保护气氛为氢气。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案:所述步骤七中矫直方法为平辊压力矫直或冷矫直法。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案:所述步骤二中穿孔速度为450-500r/min。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案:所述步骤六中电镀处理电流为1200-2800A,镀层厚度为5-15μm。
有益效果:本申请所述锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比,具有以下技术效果:
1、生产周期短,良品率高。
2、尺寸精度高,力学性能优异,延伸率35-45%,表面质量好,方法工序简便。
3、内外表面无裂纹、折叠、轧伤、压坑,表面无拉伤、无氧化皮、无残酸、无碰伤,抗拉强度Rm460-500N/mm2,无需用到热挤压机,清洁环保。
4、机械性能优异,成本低廉,屈服强度RP200-220 N/mm2。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将冶炼得到的不锈钢钢锭检验化学成分后经锻造得到实心圆管坯,切除头尾料后将实心圆管坯切割定长,外层扒皮处理,扒皮0.5-1.5mm,去除表面氧化皮;
步骤二:将扒皮后的实心圆管坯加热至1000-1100℃,保温1-2h后将实心圆管坯在直流变频穿孔机机床上进行穿孔,穿孔温度950-1050℃,在实心圆管坯两端面分别穿孔,穿孔速度为450-500r/min,在实心圆管坯中段使中心孔对接;
步骤三:对穿好孔的圆管坯内部再次打磨,消除划伤后对圆管坯进行打头,然后对圆管坯进行酸洗,所述酸洗采用硝酸、硫酸、氢氟酸中的一种或几种混合物,酸洗时间为40-60min,酸洗温度为35-55℃,硝酸浓度为200-220g/L,硫酸浓度为35-40 g/L,氢氟酸浓度为30-40g/L;
步骤四:对酸洗后的圆管坯利用冷拔机进行第一道次冷拔,控制冷拔变形量34-40%,冷拔后进行第一道次浸泡、清洗并晾干,所述清洗先采用碱性溶剂溶剂清洗,清除冷拔时的润滑剂和磨削产生的金属粒子,然后采用超声波清水清洗;
步骤五:将晾干的圆管坯进行退火处理,处理温度为750-850℃,处理时间20-30min,然后进行第二道次冷拔,第二道次冷拔变形量为36-38%,冷拔后进行第二道次浸泡、清洗并晾干,再将晾干的圆管坯进行退火处理,处理温度为750-850℃,处理时间20-30min,然后进行第三道次冷拔,第三道次冷拔变形量为38-40%,冷拔后进行第三道次浸泡、清洗并晾干;
步骤六:将晾干后的圆管坯进行淬火处理,淬火温度1000-1100℃,回火温度600-650℃,淬火完成后的圆管放入电镀镍或电镀铬槽中进行电镀处理;
步骤七:电镀处理后的圆管进行矫直、表面检查、修磨、抛光、水压或超声波探伤、入库后得到锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管。
生产周期短,良品率高,内外表面无裂纹、折叠、轧伤、压坑,表面无拉伤、无氧化皮、无残酸、无碰伤,抗拉强度Rm500N/mm2,尺寸精度高,力学性能优异,延伸率45%,表面质量好,方法工序简便,无需用到热挤压机,清洁环保,机械性能优异,成本低廉,屈服强度RP220 N/mm2。
实施例2
一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将冶炼得到的不锈钢钢锭检验化学成分后经锻造得到实心圆管坯,切除头尾料后将实心圆管坯切割定长,外层扒皮处理,扒皮0.5-1.5mm,去除表面氧化皮;
步骤二:将扒皮后的实心圆管坯加热至1000-1100℃,保温1-2h后将实心圆管坯在直流变频穿孔机机床上进行穿孔,穿孔温度950-1050℃,在实心圆管坯两端面分别穿孔,穿孔速度为450-500r/min,在实心圆管坯中段使中心孔对接;
步骤三:对穿好孔的圆管坯内部再次打磨,消除划伤后对圆管坯进行打头,然后对圆管坯进行酸洗,所述酸洗采用硝酸、硫酸、氢氟酸中的一种或几种混合物,酸洗时间为40-60min,酸洗温度为35-55℃,硝酸浓度为200-220g/L,硫酸浓度为35-40 g/L,氢氟酸浓度为30-40g/L;
步骤四:对酸洗后的圆管坯利用冷拔机进行第一道次冷拔,控制冷拔变形量34-40%,冷拔后进行第一道次浸泡、清洗并晾干,所述清洗先采用碱性溶剂溶剂清洗,清除冷拔时的润滑剂和磨削产生的金属粒子,然后采用超声波清水清洗;
步骤五:将晾干的圆管坯进行退火处理,处理温度为750-850℃,处理时间20-30min,然后进行第二道次冷拔,第二道次冷拔变形量为36-38%,冷拔后进行第二道次浸泡、清洗并晾干,再将晾干的圆管坯进行退火处理,处理温度为750-850℃,处理时间20-30min,然后进行第三道次冷拔,第三道次冷拔变形量为38-40%,冷拔后进行第三道次浸泡、清洗并晾干;
步骤六:将晾干后的圆管坯进行淬火处理,淬火温度1000-1100℃,回火温度600-650℃,淬火完成后的圆管放入电镀镍或电镀铬槽中进行电镀处理,电镀处理电流为1200-2800A,镀层厚度为5-15μm;
步骤七:电镀处理后的圆管进行矫直、表面检查、修磨、抛光、水压或超声波探伤、入库后得到锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管。
生产周期短,良品率高,内外表面无裂纹、折叠、轧伤、压坑,表面无拉伤、无氧化皮、无残酸、无碰伤,抗拉强度Rm460-500N/mm2,尺寸精度高,力学性能优异,延伸率35-45%,表面质量好,方法工序简便,无需用到热挤压机,清洁环保,机械性能优异,成本低廉,屈服强度RP200-220 N/mm2。
实施例3
一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将冶炼得到的不锈钢钢锭检验化学成分后经锻造得到实心圆管坯,切除头尾料后将实心圆管坯切割定长,外层扒皮处理,扒皮0.5-1.5mm,去除表面氧化皮;
步骤二:将扒皮后的实心圆管坯加热至1000-1100℃,保温1-2h后将实心圆管坯在直流变频穿孔机机床上进行穿孔,穿孔温度950-1050℃,在实心圆管坯两端面分别穿孔,穿孔速度为450-500r/min,在实心圆管坯中段使中心孔对接;
步骤三:对穿好孔的圆管坯内部再次打磨,消除划伤后对圆管坯进行打头,然后对圆管坯进行酸洗,所述酸洗采用硝酸、硫酸、氢氟酸中的一种或几种混合物,酸洗时间为40-60min,酸洗温度为35-55℃,硝酸浓度为200-220g/L,硫酸浓度为35-40 g/L,氢氟酸浓度为30-40g/L;
步骤四:对酸洗后的圆管坯利用冷拔机进行第一道次冷拔,控制冷拔变形量34-40%,冷拔后进行第一道次浸泡、清洗并晾干,所述清洗先采用碱性溶剂溶剂清洗,清除冷拔时的润滑剂和磨削产生的金属粒子,然后采用超声波清水清洗;
步骤五:将晾干的圆管坯进行退火处理,处理温度为750-850℃,处理时间20-30min,然后进行第二道次冷拔,第二道次冷拔变形量为36-38%,冷拔后进行第二道次浸泡、清洗并晾干,再将晾干的圆管坯进行退火处理,处理温度为750-850℃,处理时间20-30min,然后进行第三道次冷拔,第三道次冷拔变形量为38-40%,冷拔后进行第三道次浸泡、清洗并晾干;
步骤六:将晾干后的圆管坯进行淬火处理,淬火温度1000-1100℃,回火温度600-650℃,淬火完成后的圆管放入电镀镍或电镀铬槽中进行电镀处理;
步骤七:电镀处理后的圆管进行矫直、表面检查、修磨、抛光、水压或超声波探伤、入库后得到锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管,矫直方法为平辊压力矫直或冷矫直法。
生产周期短,良品率高,内外表面无裂纹、折叠、轧伤、压坑,表面无拉伤、无氧化皮、无残酸、无碰伤,抗拉强度Rm460-500N/mm2,尺寸精度高,力学性能优异,延伸率35-45%,表面质量好,方法工序简便,无需用到热挤压机,清洁环保,机械性能优异,成本低廉,屈服强度RP200-220 N/mm2。
实施例4
一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将冶炼得到的不锈钢钢锭检验化学成分后经锻造得到实心圆管坯,切除头尾料后将实心圆管坯切割定长,外层扒皮处理,扒皮0.5-1.5mm,去除表面氧化皮;
步骤二:将扒皮后的实心圆管坯加热至1000-1100℃,保温1-2h后将实心圆管坯在直流变频穿孔机机床上进行穿孔,穿孔温度950-1050℃,在实心圆管坯两端面分别穿孔,穿孔速度为450-500r/min,在实心圆管坯中段使中心孔对接;
步骤三:对穿好孔的圆管坯内部再次打磨,消除划伤后对圆管坯进行打头,然后对圆管坯进行酸洗,所述酸洗采用硝酸、硫酸、氢氟酸中的一种或几种混合物,酸洗时间为40-60min,酸洗温度为35-55℃,硝酸浓度为200-220g/L,硫酸浓度为35-40 g/L,氢氟酸浓度为30-40g/L;
步骤四:对酸洗后的圆管坯利用冷拔机进行第一道次冷拔,控制冷拔变形量34-40%,冷拔后进行第一道次浸泡、清洗并晾干,所述清洗先采用碱性溶剂溶剂清洗,清除冷拔时的润滑剂和磨削产生的金属粒子,然后采用超声波清水清洗;
步骤五:将晾干的圆管坯进行退火处理,处理温度为750-850℃,处理时间20-30min,然后进行第二道次冷拔,第二道次冷拔变形量为36-38%,冷拔后进行第二道次浸泡、清洗并晾干,再将晾干的圆管坯进行退火处理,处理温度为750-850℃,处理时间20-30min,然后进行第三道次冷拔,第三道次冷拔变形量为38-40%,冷拔后进行第三道次浸泡、清洗并晾干;
步骤六:将晾干后的圆管坯进行淬火处理,淬火温度1000-1100℃,回火温度600-650℃,淬火完成后的圆管放入电镀镍或电镀铬槽中进行电镀处理,淬火保护气氛为氢气;
步骤七:电镀处理后的圆管进行矫直、表面检查、修磨、抛光、水压或超声波探伤、入库后得到锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管。
生产周期短,良品率高,内外表面无裂纹、折叠、轧伤、压坑,表面无拉伤、无氧化皮、无残酸、无碰伤,抗拉强度Rm460-500N/mm2,尺寸精度高,力学性能优异,延伸率35-45%,表面质量好,方法工序简便,无需用到热挤压机,清洁环保,机械性能优异,成本低廉,屈服强度RP200-220 N/mm2。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,其特征在于:通过钢锭锻造成圆管坯、去头、扒皮、加热、穿孔、打头、酸洗、多道次冷拔、淬火、电镀、矫直、表面检查、修磨、抛光、水压或超声波探伤、入库后得到锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,其特征在于:所述锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法具体包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将冶炼得到的不锈钢钢锭检验化学成分后经锻造得到实心圆管坯,切除头尾料后将实心圆管坯切割定长,外层扒皮处理,扒皮0.5-1.5mm,去除表面氧化皮;
步骤二:将扒皮后的实心圆管坯加热至1000-1100℃,保温1-2h后将实心圆管坯在直流变频穿孔机机床上进行穿孔,穿孔温度950-1050℃,在实心圆管坯两端面分别穿孔,在实心圆管坯中段使中心孔对接;
步骤三:对穿好孔的圆管坯内部再次打磨,消除划伤后对圆管坯进行打头,然后对圆管坯进行酸洗,所述酸洗采用硝酸、硫酸、氢氟酸中的一种或几种混合物,酸洗时间为40-60min,酸洗温度为35-55℃;
步骤四:对酸洗后的圆管坯利用冷拔机进行第一道次冷拔,控制冷拔变形量34-40%,冷拔后进行第一道次浸泡、清洗并晾干,所述清洗先采用碱性溶剂溶剂清洗,清除冷拔时的润滑剂和磨削产生的金属粒子,然后采用超声波清水清洗;
步骤五:将晾干的圆管坯进行退火处理,处理温度为750-850℃,处理时间20-30min,然后进行第二道次冷拔,第二道次冷拔变形量为36-38%,冷拔后进行第二道次浸泡、清洗并晾干,再将晾干的圆管坯进行退火处理,处理温度为750-850℃,处理时间20-30min,然后进行第三道次冷拔,第三道次冷拔变形量为38-40%,冷拔后进行第三道次浸泡、清洗并晾干;
步骤六:将晾干后的圆管坯进行淬火处理,淬火温度1000-1100℃,回火温度600-650℃,淬火完成后的圆管放入电镀镍或电镀铬槽中进行电镀处理;
步骤七:电镀处理后的圆管进行矫直、表面检查、修磨、抛光、水压或超声波探伤、入库后得到锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤三中硝酸浓度为200-220g/L,硫酸浓度为35-40 g/L,氢氟酸浓度为30-40g/L。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤六中淬火保护气氛为氢气。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤七中矫直方法为平辊压力矫直或冷矫直法。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中穿孔速度为450-500r/min。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种锅炉换热器用无缝不锈钢管生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤六中电镀处理电流为1200-2800A,镀层厚度为5-15μm。
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CN114522999A (zh) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-24 | 南京沃尔德特钢有限公司 | 一种高韧性化工耐腐蚀奥氏体不锈钢管 |
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