CN111224423B - Wide-input double-grounding non-isolated single-phase photovoltaic inverter and control method thereof - Google Patents

Wide-input double-grounding non-isolated single-phase photovoltaic inverter and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN111224423B
CN111224423B CN201911237983.XA CN201911237983A CN111224423B CN 111224423 B CN111224423 B CN 111224423B CN 201911237983 A CN201911237983 A CN 201911237983A CN 111224423 B CN111224423 B CN 111224423B
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姚志垒
王众
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Yancheng Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a wide-input double-grounding non-isolated single-phase photovoltaic inverter and a control method thereof. The control method of the invention comprises the following steps: when the power grid voltage is positive for half cycle and the power grid voltage instantaneous value is smaller than the input voltage, the fourth power tube is modulated, the fourth power tube high-frequency switch or the fourth power tube and the fifth power tube are complementarily conducted, and the third power tube is normally on; when the power grid voltage is positive for half cycle and the power grid voltage instantaneous value is greater than the input voltage, the second power tube is modulated, the second power tube is high-frequency switched, and the fourth power tube is normally on; when the power grid voltage is in the negative half cycle, the first power tube is modulated, the first power tube works at high frequency, and the fifth power tube is normally on. The invention fundamentally solves the problem of double-grounding topology leakage current; the problem of inverter shutdown caused by undervoltage of the photovoltaic panel under the shadow condition is solved, the optimal processing power of the boosting unit is realized, and the size of the inverter is reduced; the two-stage control is changed into the single-stage control, and only one power tube is in a high-frequency switch state at each moment, so that the efficiency is improved.

Description

Wide-input double-grounding non-isolated single-phase photovoltaic inverter and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, in particular to a double-grounding non-isolated single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and a control method thereof.
Background
With the development and progress of society, clean energy such as solar energy is the object of future development and utilization of human beings with the advantages of cleanliness, reproducibility and the like. The photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is an important link of solar power generation. Compared with the traditional isolated photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, the non-isolated photovoltaic grid-connected inverter has the advantages of small size, light weight, high efficiency and the like. But there is an electrical connection between the photovoltaic cells of the non-isolated photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and the grid. When the power tube of the non-isolated photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is in high-frequency switching, high-frequency variable common-mode voltage can be generated at two ends of a parasitic capacitance of the photovoltaic cell to the ground, so that the photovoltaic cell generates common-mode leakage current. The common-mode leakage current can endanger personal safety, and causes the problems of grid-connected current distortion, electromagnetic interference, loss increase and the like. In order to fundamentally solve the problem of common-mode leakage current of the non-isolated photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, a double-grounding topology is required. In addition, to ensure that the photovoltaic cells operate properly under shadow undervoltage conditions, an additional boost unit needs to be added between the photovoltaic cells and the inverter. But the extra boost unit works in the whole operation period of the inverter, and the whole power output by the photovoltaic battery needs to be processed, so that the efficiency of the inverter is reduced, and the volume of the boost unit is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter without leakage current and with minimum processing power of a boosting unit and a control method thereof aiming at the defects of a non-isolated photovoltaic grid-connected inverter in the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the aim:
a wide-input double-grounding non-isolated single-phase photovoltaic inverter and a control method thereof are provided, wherein the wide-input double-grounding non-isolated single-phase photovoltaic inverter comprises a photovoltaic cell PV and a first power tube S with an anti-parallel diode 1 Second power tube S 2 Third power tube S 3 Fourth power tube S 4 Fifth power tube S 5 First diode D 1 Second diode D 2 Third diode D 3 First inductor L 1 Second inductance L 2 Third inductance L 3 First capacitor C 1 A second capacitor C 2 Input capacitance C in And a grid or load; the specific topological structure is as follows: the positive poles of the photovoltaic cells PV are respectively connected with a first capacitor C 1 One end of (a) a first power tube S 1 One end of (2) input capacitor C in One end of (2) a second inductance L 2 And a third diode D 3 The anode of the photovoltaic cell PV is respectively connected with the first inductance L 1 One end of (2) input capacitor C in Is the other end of the second power tube S 2 One end of (a) a third power tube S 3 One end of (C) a second capacitor C 2 A first power tube S, and a negative terminal of the power grid or load 1 The other end of (a) is respectively connected with the first inductance L 1 And the other end of the first diode D 1 Cathode of the second power tube S 2 The other ends of (a) are respectively connected with an inductor L 2 And a second diode D 2 Anode of the first capacitor C 1 The other ends of (a) are respectively connected with a first diode D 1 Anode of third power tube S 3 And the other end of (2) and the fifth power S 5 One end of the tube, a second diode D 2 The other ends of the first and second capacitors are respectively connected with a second capacitor C 2 Another end of (D) a third diode 3 Cathode and fourth power tube S 4 Is a fourth power tube S 4 The other end of (a) is respectively connected with a third inductor L 3 And a fifth power tube S 5 Is the other end of the third inductance L 3 The other end of which is connected to the grid or load.
The control method comprises the following steps: when the grid voltage peak is greater than the input voltage, there are 3 modes of operation. Mode 1: when the instantaneous value v of the grid voltage g Greater than 0 and less than the input voltage v in At the time, the first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 And a fifth power tube S 5 All are turned off, the third power tube S 3 Normally on, by adjusting the fourth power tube S 4 Duty cycle to control the second inductance L 3 Current i g Magnitude and sum of the same to the grid voltage v g The same frequency and the same phase; mode 2: when the instantaneous value v of the grid voltage g Greater than the input voltage v in At the time, the first power tube S 1 And a fifth power tube S 5 All are turned off, the third power tube S 3 And a fourth power tube S 4 Normally on, by adjusting the second power tube S 2 Duty cycle to control the second inductance L 2 Current i L2 To regulate the grid current i g Is of a magnitude that ensures the grid-connected current i g And grid voltage v g The same frequency and the same phase; mode 3: when the instantaneous value v of the grid voltage g When the voltage is less than 0, the second power tube S 2 Third power tube S 3 And a fourth power tube S 4 All turn off, fifth power tube S 5 Normally on, by adjusting the first power tube S 1 Duty cycle to control the first inductance L 1 Current i L1 To regulate the grid current i g Is of a magnitude that ensures the grid-connected current i g And grid voltage v g The same frequency is in phase.
According to the photovoltaic inverter grid-connected control method, grid-connected control of the photovoltaic inverter is achieved through a pre-stage inductor current control method, and the number of high-frequency working power tubes is reduced; the multi-mode time-sharing control is adopted, so that the power born by the boosting module is reduced, the volume of the boosting module is reduced, and the efficiency of the inverter is improved; the dual-connection first topology is adopted, so that the common-mode leakage current problem is fundamentally solved. The invention is suitable for double-grounding photovoltaic grid-connected inverters which are formed by taking MOSFETs, IGBTs and the like as power tubes, and can be used for various distributed photovoltaic power generation systems.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the invention relates to a circuit schematic diagram of a specific implementation method.
Main symbol names in the figure: v in : input voltage, i in : input current S 1 First power tube S 2 Second power tube S 3 Third power tube S 4 Fourth power tube S 5 Fifth power tube, D 1 : first diode D 2 : second diode D 3 : third diode, L 1 : first inductor L 2 : second inductor L 3 : third inductance, C 1 : first capacitor C 2 : second capacitor C in : input capacitance, i L1 : first inductance L 1 Current, i L2 : second inductance L 2 Current, i g : grid-connected current, v g : grid voltage.
Fig. 2: the invention relates to a working mode diagram when the voltage peak value of a power grid is larger than the input voltage.
The main symbol names in the figure: v gm : grid voltage forward peak; s is S 1 -S 5 : driving the first to fifth power tubes; v ds1 -v ds5 : the first to fifth power tubes bear voltage; v d1 -v d3 : the first to third diodes receive voltages; t: time.
Fig. 3: the invention relates to a working mode diagram when the voltage peak value of a power grid is smaller than the input voltage.
The main symbol names in the figure: v gm : grid voltage forward peak; s is S 1 -S 5 : driving the first to fifth power tubes; v ds1 -v ds5 : the first to fifth power tubes bear voltage; v d1 -v d3 : the first to third diodes receive voltages; t: time.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. As can be seen from fig. 1, the wide-input double-grounded non-isolated single-phase photovoltaic inverter comprises a photovoltaic cell PV, a first power tube S with anti-parallel diodes 1 Second power tube S 2 Third power tube S 3 Fourth power tube S 4 Fifth power tube S 5 First diode D 1 Second diode D 2 Third diode D 3 First inductor L 1 Second inductance L 2 Third inductance L 3 First capacitor C 1 A second capacitor C 2 Input capacitance C in And a grid or load; the specific topological structure is as follows: the positive poles of the photovoltaic cells PV are respectively connected with a first capacitor C 1 One end of (a) a first power tube S 1 One end of (2) input capacitor C in One end of (2) a second inductance L 2 And a third diode D 3 The anode of the photovoltaic cell PV is respectively connected with the first inductance L 1 One end of (2) input capacitor C in Is the other end of the second power tube S 2 One end of (a) a third power tube S 3 One end of (C) a second capacitor C 2 A first power tube S, and a negative terminal of the power grid or load 1 The other end of (a) is respectively connected with the first inductance L 1 And the other end of the first diode D 1 Cathode of the second power tube S 2 The other ends of (a) are respectively connected with an inductor L 2 And a second diode D 2 Anode of the first capacitor C 1 The other ends of (a) are respectively connected with a first diode D 1 Anode of third power tube S 3 And a fifth power tube S 5 One end of the second diode D 2 The other ends of the first and second capacitors are respectively connected with a second capacitor C 2 Another end of (D) a third diode 3 Cathode and fourth power tube S 4 Is a fourth power tube S 4 The other end of (a) is respectively connected with a third inductor L 3 And a fifth power tube S 5 Is the other end of the third inductance L 3 Is connected with the other end ofA grid or a load.
The control method comprises the following steps: when the grid voltage peak is greater than the input voltage, there are 3 modes of operation. As can be seen from fig. 2, mode 1: when the instantaneous value v of the grid voltage g Greater than 0 and less than the input voltage v in At the time, the first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 And a fifth power tube S 5 All are turned off, the third power tube S 3 Normally on, by adjusting the fourth power tube S 4 Duty cycle to control the second inductance L 3 Current i g Magnitude and sum it with the grid voltage u g The same frequency and the same phase; mode 2: when the instantaneous value v of the grid voltage g Greater than the input voltage v in At the time, the first power tube S 1 Third power tube S 3 And a fifth power tube S 5 All turn off, fourth power tube S 4 Normally on, by adjusting the second power tube S 2 Duty cycle to control the second inductance L 2 Current i L2 To regulate the grid current i g Is of a magnitude that ensures the grid-connected current i g And grid voltage u g The same frequency and the same phase; mode 3: when the instantaneous value v of the grid voltage g When the voltage is less than 0, the second power tube S 2 Third power tube S 3 And a fourth power tube S 4 All turn off, fifth power tube S 5 Normally on, by adjusting the first power tube S 1 Duty cycle to control the first inductance L 1 Current i L1 To regulate the grid current i g Is of a magnitude that ensures the grid-connected current i g And grid voltage u g The same frequency is in phase.
Mode 1: when the instantaneous value of the power grid voltage is smaller than the input voltage and larger than 0, 2 working modes exist, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Switching mode 1
Third power tube S 3 And a fourth power tube S 4 Conduction, first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 And a fifth power tube S 5 All turn off, the first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 And a fifth power tube S 5 Bearing voltage v in First diode D 1 Second diode and third diode D 3 The voltage to be born is 0,third inductance L 3 Current i g The current increases in the forward direction.
2) Switching mode 2
Third power tube S 3 Conduction, first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 Fourth power tube S 4 And a fifth power tube S 5 All turn off (or third power tube S) 3 And a fifth power tube S 5 Conduction, first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 And a fourth power tube S 4 All turned off), a first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 And a fifth power tube S 4 Bearing voltage v in First diode D 1 Second diode and third diode D 3 The born voltage is 0, the second inductance L 3 Current i g The current decreases in the forward direction.
Mode 2: when the instantaneous value of the power grid voltage is larger than the input voltage, 2 working modes exist, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Switching mode 1
Second power tube S 2 And a fourth power tube S 4 Conduction, first power tube S 1 Third power tube S 3 And a fifth power tube S 5 All are turned off, the first power S 1 The tube has a bearing voltage v in Third power tube S 3 Bearing voltage of 0, fifth power tube S 5 Bearing voltage v g First diode D 1 A second diode D with a bearing voltage of 0 2 Bearing voltage v g Third diode D 3 Bearing voltage v g -v in First inductance L 2 Current i L2 The current increases in the forward direction.
2) Switching mode 2
Fourth power tube S 4 Conduction, first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 Third power tube S 3 And a fifth power tube S 5 All turn off, the first power tube S 1 Bearing voltage v in Second power tube S 2 Bearing voltage v g Third power tube S 3 Bearing voltage of 0, fifth power tube S 5 Bearing voltage v g First diode D 1 And a second diode D 2 The bearing voltages are v g Third diode D 3 Bearing voltage v g -v in Second inductance L 2 Current i L2 The current increases in the forward direction.
Mode 3: when the instantaneous value of the power grid voltage is smaller than 0, 2 working modes exist, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Switching mode 1
First power tube S 1 And a fifth power tube S 5 Conduction, second power tube S 2 Third power tube S 3 And a fourth power tube S 4 All are turned off, and the bearing voltage of the second power tube is v in Third power tube S 3 Bearing voltage v g Fourth power tube S 4 Bearing voltage v in +v g First diode D 1 Bearing voltage v in +v g Second diode D 2 And a third diode D 3 Bearing voltage of 0, the first inductance L 1 Current i L1 The current increases in the forward direction.
2) Switching mode 2
Fifth power tube S 5 Conduction, first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 Third power tube S 3 And a fourth power tube S 4 All turn off, the first power tube S 1 Bearing voltage v in +v g Second power tube S 2 Bearing voltage v in Third power tube S 3 Bearing voltage v g Fourth power tube S 4 Bearing voltage v in +v g First diode D 1 Second diode D 2 And a third diode D 3 Bearing voltage of 0, the first inductance L 1 Current i L1 The current decreases in the forward direction.
When the instantaneous value of the grid voltage is smaller than the input voltage, there are 2 modes of operation. Mode 1 and mode 3, corresponding to the instantaneous value of the grid voltage being greater than the input voltage.
Third power tube S 3 And a fifth power tube S 5 May be common to the drive signals of (a). The first to fifth power tubes areIGBTs or MOSFETs. The first to third diodes are silicon carbide diodes or fast recovery diodes. v in Is one of a photovoltaic cell or a photovoltaic cell group.

Claims (4)

1. A control method of a wide-input double-grounding non-isolated single-phase photovoltaic inverter comprises a photovoltaic cell PV and a first power tube S with an anti-parallel diode 1 Second power tube S 2 Third power tube S 3 Fourth power tube S 4 Fifth power tube S 5 First diode D 1 Second diode D 2 Third diode D 3 First inductor L 1 Second inductance L 2 Third inductance L 3 First capacitor C 1 A second capacitor C 2 Input capacitance C in And a grid or load; the specific topological structure is as follows: the positive poles of the photovoltaic cells PV are respectively connected with a first capacitor C 1 One end of (a) a first power tube S 1 One end of (2) input capacitor C in One end of (2) a second inductance L 2 And a third diode D 3 The anode of the photovoltaic cell PV is respectively connected with the first inductance L 1 One end of (2) input capacitor C in Is the other end of the second power tube S 2 One end of (a) a third power tube S 3 One end of (C) a second capacitor C 2 A first power tube S, and a negative terminal of the power grid or load 1 The other end of (a) is respectively connected with the first inductance L 1 And the other end of the first diode D 1 Cathode of the second power tube S 2 The other ends of (a) are respectively connected with an inductor L 2 And a second diode D 2 Anode of the first capacitor C 1 The other ends of (a) are respectively connected with a first diode D 1 Anode of third power tube S 3 And a fifth power tube S 5 One end of the second diode D 2 The cathodes of (a) are respectively connected with a second capacitor C 2 Another end of (D) a third diode 3 Cathode and fourth power tube S 4 Is a fourth power tube S 4 The other end of (a) is respectively connected with a third inductor L 3 One end and the firstFive power tubes S 5 Is the other end of the third inductance L 3 The other end of the power grid or the load is connected;
the control method comprises the following steps: when the grid voltage peak is greater than the input voltage, there are 3 modes of operation, mode 1: when the instantaneous value v of the grid voltage g Greater than 0 and less than the input voltage v in At the time, the first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 And a fifth power tube S 5 All are turned off, the third power tube S 3 Normally on, by adjusting the fourth power tube S 4 Duty cycle to control the second inductance L 3 Current i g Magnitude and sum of the same to the grid voltage v g The same frequency and the same phase; mode 2: when the instantaneous value v of the grid voltage g Greater than the input voltage v in At the time, the first power tube S 1 And a fifth power tube S 5 All are turned off, the third power tube S 3 And a fourth power tube S 4 Normally on, by adjusting the second power tube S 2 Duty cycle to control the second inductance L 2 Current i L2 To regulate the grid current i g Is of a magnitude that ensures the grid-connected current i g And grid voltage v g The same frequency and the same phase; mode 3: when the instantaneous value v of the grid voltage g When the voltage is less than 0, the second power tube S 2 Third power tube S 3 And a fourth power tube S 4 All turn off, fifth power tube S 5 Normally on, by adjusting the first power tube S 1 Duty cycle to control the first inductance L 1 Current i L1 To regulate the grid current i g Is of a magnitude that ensures the grid-connected current i g And grid voltage v g The same frequency and the same phase;
mode 1: when the instantaneous value of the power grid voltage is smaller than the input voltage and larger than 0, 2 working modes exist, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Switching mode 1
Third power tube S 3 And a fourth power tube S 4 Conduction, first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 And a fifth power tube S 5 All turn off, the first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 And a fifth power tube S 5 Bearing voltage v in First diode D 1 Second onePolar tube and third diode D 3 The born voltage is 0, the third inductance L 3 Current i g The current increases in the forward direction;
2) Switching mode 2
Third power tube S 3 Conduction, first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 Fourth power tube S 4 And a fifth power tube S 5 All turn off or third power tube S 3 And a fifth power tube S 5 Conduction, first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 And a fourth power tube S 4 All turn off, the first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 And a fifth power tube S 4 Bearing voltage v in First diode D 1 Second diode and third diode D 3 The born voltage is 0, the second inductance L 3 Current i g The current decreases in the forward direction;
mode 2: when the instantaneous value of the power grid voltage is larger than the input voltage, 2 working modes exist, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Switching mode 1
Second power tube S 2 And a fourth power tube S 4 Conduction, first power tube S 1 Third power tube S 3 And a fifth power tube S 5 All are turned off, the first power S 1 The tube has a bearing voltage v in Third power tube S 3 Bearing voltage of 0, fifth power tube S 5 Bearing voltage v g First diode D 1 A second diode D with a bearing voltage of 0 2 Bearing voltage v g Third diode D 3 Bearing voltage v g -v in First inductance L 2 Current i L2 The current increases in the forward direction;
2) Switching mode 2
Fourth power tube S 4 Conduction, first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 Third power tube S 3 And a fifth power tube S 5 All turn off, the first power tube S 1 Bearing voltage v in Second power tube S 2 Bearing voltage v g Third power tube S 3 The bearing voltage is 0, the firstFive power tubes S 5 Bearing voltage v g First diode D 1 And a second diode D 2 The bearing voltages are v g Third diode D 3 Bearing voltage v g -v in Second inductance L 2 Current i L2 The current increases in the forward direction;
mode 3: when the instantaneous value of the power grid voltage is smaller than 0, 2 working modes exist, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Switching mode 1
First power tube S 1 And a fifth power tube S 5 Conduction, second power tube S 2 Third power tube S 3 And a fourth power tube S 4 All are turned off, and the bearing voltage of the second power tube is v in Third power tube S 3 Bearing voltage v g Fourth power tube S 4 Bearing voltage v in +v g First diode D 1 Bearing voltage v in +v g Second diode D 2 And a third diode D 3 Bearing voltage of 0, the first inductance L 1 Current i L1 The current increases in the forward direction;
2) Switching mode 2
Fifth power tube S 5 Conduction, first power tube S 1 Second power tube S 2 Third power tube S 3 And a fourth power tube S 4 All turn off, the first power tube S 1 Bearing voltage v in +v g Second power tube S 2 Bearing voltage v in Third power tube S 3 Bearing voltage v g Fourth power tube S 4 Bearing voltage v in +v g First diode D 1 Second diode D 2 And a third diode D 3 Bearing voltage of 0, the first inductance L 1 Current i L1 The current decreases in the forward direction;
when the instantaneous value of the grid voltage is smaller than the input voltage, 2 working modes exist, and the mode 1 and the mode 3 corresponding to the instantaneous value of the grid voltage are larger than the input voltage.
2. A kind of according to claim 1Control method of wide-input double-grounding non-isolated single-phase photovoltaic inverter and third power tube S 3 And a fifth power tube S 5 Is common to the drive signals of (2).
3. The control method of the wide-input double-grounded non-isolated single-phase photovoltaic inverter according to claim 1, wherein the first to fifth power transistors are IGBTs or MOSFETs.
4. The method for controlling a wide-input double-grounded non-isolated single-phase photovoltaic inverter according to claim 1, wherein the first to third diodes are silicon carbide diodes or fast recovery diodes.
CN201911237983.XA 2019-12-06 2019-12-06 Wide-input double-grounding non-isolated single-phase photovoltaic inverter and control method thereof Active CN111224423B (en)

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CN103219912A (en) * 2013-04-28 2013-07-24 盐城工学院 Control method suitable for universal input voltage buck-boost grid-connected inverter
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