CN111213710A - Green-keeping preservative for broccoli and using method thereof - Google Patents

Green-keeping preservative for broccoli and using method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111213710A
CN111213710A CN201911211925.XA CN201911211925A CN111213710A CN 111213710 A CN111213710 A CN 111213710A CN 201911211925 A CN201911211925 A CN 201911211925A CN 111213710 A CN111213710 A CN 111213710A
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broccoli
preservative
green
perilla oil
protecting
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CN201911211925.XA
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CN111213710B (en
Inventor
王向阳
王柯诺
阮玉琴
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Zhejiang Gongshang University
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Zhejiang Gongshang University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B7/00Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/153Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B7/00Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/153Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23B7/154Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/85Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of food storage and preservation, and aims to provide a broccoli green-protecting preservative and a using method thereof. The green-protecting antistaling agent is in the form of emulsified liquid, and is perilla oil water solution doped with emulsifier, wherein the mass volume concentration of perilla oil is 0.6 g/L. The invention takes natural edible oil as the broccoli preservative and provides the optimum concentration and preparation method of the perilla oil as the broccoli preservative. The method is convenient and effective, and can effectively delay chlorophyll degradation, reduce the weight loss rate, reduce the degradation speed of ascorbic acid and titratable acid, reduce the plasma membrane damage degree, maintain the relative integrity of the capsule-like film of an organism, improve the sensory quality of the broccoli at room temperature and maintain the nutritional value of the broccoli by only carrying out short-term soaking or spraying treatment on the picked broccoli.

Description

Green-keeping preservative for broccoli and using method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of food storage and preservation, relates to preservation of picked green vegetables, and particularly relates to a broccoli green-protecting preservative and a using method thereof.
Background
Broccoli is a broccoli variety belonging to the genus Brassica in the family Brassicaceae, and its green curd is usually used as a food. The ball of broccoli is easy to turn yellow after picking, which leads to the quality reduction.
At present, cold chains are mainly adopted for long-distance transportation of broccoli, and low-temperature storage is adopted for long-time storage. The broccoli is also packaged by using special film bags abroad, and the storage at low temperature has partial air-conditioned storage effect. Short-time heat treatment of broccoli at a temperature of more than 40 ℃ for several minutes to several tens of minutes, and then storage at a low temperature is reported to be beneficial to prolonging the storage period of broccoli; however, the heat treatment of broccoli leaves, when stored at room temperature, has poor preservation effect. The harvested broccoli is mainly stored, packaged, circulated and sold in a normal temperature environment, such as a normal temperature environment. For broccoli, except for low-temperature technologies, the preservation technologies cannot be applied at normal temperature because of the defect of unstable effect.
The application of the preservative is a preservation technology which can be used at both low temperature and normal temperature. There are some studies reporting the preservation of broccoli using chemical preservatives or natural extracts. But the chemical preservative is not popular, and the preservation of natural extracts is difficult to apply, mainly because the use requirement of the extracts on foods such as vegetables and the like meets the national standard of food additives. Ethanol has good safety, and the ethanol fumigation preservation of the broccoli is valued by some researchers, but the green protection effect of the broccoli is not obvious enough. The microbial antagonistic preservation (mainly using special safe microorganisms such as yeast and the like) is also an important preservation technology, but the technology has no effect on green protection, has not strong enough bacteriostatic action and is not applied to the harvested broccoli at present. The picked broccoli needs a fresh-keeping technology or an auxiliary fresh-keeping technology which has strong green protection and can be used at normal temperature and low temperature.
At present, the broccoli usually does not adopt any preservation technology at normal temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a simple and easily-obtained natural non-toxic broccoli preservative.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provides a broccoli green-protecting preservative and a using method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problem, the solution of the invention is as follows:
the green-protecting preservative for the broccoli is an emulsified liquid, is a perilla oil water solution doped with an emulsifier, and has the mass volume concentration of 0.6 g/L.
In the invention, the emulsifier is Tween 80, and the mass volume concentration in the preservative is 4.0 g/L.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the broccoli green-protecting preservative, taking 1L preservative preparation as an example, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 0.6g of perilla oil, adding the perilla oil into 100mL of distilled water, and then adding 4.0g of Tween 80 serving as an emulsifier to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) immersing an ultrasonic probe into the mixed solution, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes to ensure that the mixed solution is emulsified uniformly; then distilled water is used for fixing the volume to 1L, and the perilla herb oil-water solution in an emulsified liquid state is obtained.
The invention further provides a use method of the broccoli green-protecting preservative, which is to immerse the whole broccoli in the preservative, take out the broccoli after soaking for 40 minutes and dry the broccoli; then covering a polyethylene bag, not sealing, standing and storing at normal temperature.
The invention also provides another application method of the broccoli green-protecting preservative, which is to spray the preservative on the broccoli by using a spray can, wherein the usage amount of the preservative is 1 kilogram of the broccoli and 30 grams of the preservative is sprayed on the broccoli; covering a polyethylene bag after drying, sealing, standing and storing at normal temperature.
In the invention, the normal-temperature storage refers to storage for 5 days at the temperature of 24-30 ℃.
Description of the inventive principles:
perilla frutescens, also known as Perilla frutescens, etc., is an annual herb of Perilla frutescens of Perilla genus of Labiatae family, and is a wild oil plant, Perilla frutescens is one of the first 60 traditional Chinese medicines issued by the Ministry of health of China, Perilla frutescens grows widely in China, when serving as a vegetable, it only needs to grow for several days or weeks, leaves and twigs of Perilla frutescens can be used as vegetables, and the overground part can be used as medicines, the growing period for harvesting perilla seeds is 3-4 months.
The chlorosis of the picked broccoli is related to the reduction of the total fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid, and the preservation of the broccoli can be facilitated by supplementing the chlorosis. The inventor confirms through previous multiple grease and monomer unsaturated fatty acid supplementary experiments that the broccoli needs the mixed fatty acid with higher unsaturation degree and balanced proportion, and the perilla herb oil belongs to the grease which best meets the requirement.
The applicant finally confirms that the perilla oil is used for preserving the broccoli through screening and preservation tests of a plurality of natural different vegetable oils on the broccoli, and performs preservative preparation research and preservation application on the broccoli.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a novel natural edible oil as a broccoli preservative, and provides an optimal concentration and a preparation method of perilla oil as the broccoli preservative.
2. The technical scheme of the invention is convenient and effective, and only short-term soaking or spraying treatment is needed to be carried out on the picked broccoli, so that the degradation of chlorophyll can be effectively delayed, the weight loss rate can be reduced, the degradation speed of ascorbic acid and titratable acid can be reduced, the damage degree of a plasma membrane can be reduced, the relative integrity of a capsule-like body film of an organism can be maintained, the sensory quality of the broccoli at room temperature can be improved, and the nutritional value of the broccoli can be maintained.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail by way of specific embodiments.
The concentrations of the solutions described below all refer to mass volume concentrations (g/L).
1. Preparation and use examples
The broccoli green-protecting preservative provided by the invention is in an emulsified liquid state and is a perilla oil water solution doped with an emulsifier, wherein the mass volume concentration of perilla oil is 0.6 g/L. Wherein the emulsifier can be Tween 80, and the mass volume concentration in the preservative is 4.0 g/L.
Taking 1L of preservative as an example, the preparation steps comprise: (1) weighing 0.6g of perilla oil, adding the perilla oil into 100mL of distilled water, and then adding 4.0g of Tween 80 serving as an emulsifier to obtain a mixed solution; (2) immersing an ultrasonic probe into the mixed solution, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes to ensure that the mixed solution is emulsified uniformly; then distilled water is used for fixing the volume to 1L, and the perilla herb oil-water solution in an emulsified liquid state is obtained.
The application method of the broccoli green-protecting preservative comprises two methods: (1) soaking the whole broccoli in the preservative for 40 minutes, taking out and airing; then covering a polyethylene bag, not sealing, standing and storing at normal temperature. (2) Spraying the preservative on the broccoli by using a spraying pot, wherein the usage amount of the preservative is 1 kilogram of the broccoli and 30 grams of the preservative is sprayed; covering a polyethylene bag after drying, sealing, standing and storing at normal temperature. The normal-temperature storage refers to storage for 5 days at the temperature of 24-30 ℃.
2. Comparative example data
Comparative example 1
The perilla oil is used as a main preservative component, and 4.0g/L of Tween 80 is added as an emulsifier to ensure that the perilla oil can be better dissolved in a solution. By comparing the broccoli soaked in the perilla oil solution of 0.2g/L, the perilla oil solution of 1g/L and the control group (4.0 g of Tween 80 is added into distilled water), the chlorophyll content of the broccoli treated by the perilla oil solution of 2.5g/L is the highest, but the surface of the broccoli treated by the perilla oil solution of 2.5g/L has obvious browning phenomena, the surface of the broccoli treated by the perilla oil solution of 1g/L has some browning phenomena, sensory evaluation is not as good as 0.2g/L, and the perilla oil of 0.1g/L, 0.2g/L, 0.3g/L, 0.4g/L, 0.5g/L, 0.6g/L, 0.7g/L, 0.8g/L and 0.9g/L are selected to carry out gradient experiments, so that the perilla oil solution of 0.6g/L is soaked, and the effect of preserving the broccoli is the best.
Comparative example 2
Selecting 0.6g/L perilla oil, adding different types and proportions of Tween emulsifiers, performing ultrasonic treatment and non-ultrasonic treatment, and treating for 1-20 minutes. It was found that 4.0g of Tween 80 was contained in the final content of 1L as an emulsifier, the solution stability was good, and the solution was already stable by sonication for 10 minutes.
Comparative example 3
Palm oil, olive oil, safflower seed oil and perilla herb oil with the same mass volume concentration (1g/L) are selected for soaking and fresh-keeping treatment of the broccoli, and only the perilla herb oil has a remarkable fresh-keeping effect on the broccoli.
Comparative example 4
Compared with a control group (without the preservative of the invention): chlorophyll of the broccoli after the preservation treatment is obviously higher than that of the control group in the first 4 days of storage. The chlorophyll content of the treated broccoli was 42% higher than that of the control chlorophyll on day 2, and the chlorophyll content of the treated broccoli was about 100% higher than that of the control group on days 3 and 4. On day 5, the control and treated broccoli began to partially rot, both rapidly declined in quality, and the sensory score and chlorophyll content were similar.

Claims (6)

1. The green-protecting preservative for the broccoli is characterized by being in an emulsified liquid state and being a perilla oil water solution doped with an emulsifier, wherein the mass volume concentration of perilla oil is 0.6 g/L.
2. The broccoli green-protecting preservative according to claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is tween 80, and the mass volume concentration in the preservative is 4.0 g/L.
3. The preparation method of the broccoli green-protecting preservative of claim 1, wherein the preparation steps of 1L preservative are as follows:
(1) weighing 0.6g of perilla oil, adding the perilla oil into 100mL of distilled water, and then adding 4.0g of Tween 80 serving as an emulsifier to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) immersing an ultrasonic probe into the mixed solution, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes to ensure that the mixed solution is emulsified uniformly; then distilled water is used for fixing the volume to 1L, and the perilla herb oil-water solution in an emulsified liquid state is obtained.
4. A use method of the broccoli green-protecting preservative as claimed in claim 1, wherein the whole broccoli is immersed in the preservative, soaked for 40 minutes, taken out and dried; then covering a polyethylene bag, not sealing, standing and storing at normal temperature.
5. The use method of the broccoli green-protecting preservative of claim 1, wherein the preservative is sprayed on the broccoli by a spraying pot, and 30 g of the preservative is sprayed on 1 kg of broccoli; covering a polyethylene bag after drying, sealing, standing and storing at normal temperature.
6. The use method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the storage at normal temperature is storage at 24-30 ℃ for 5 days.
CN201911211925.XA 2019-12-02 2019-12-02 Green-keeping preservative for broccoli and using method thereof Active CN111213710B (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09215485A (en) * 1996-02-09 1997-08-19 Toru Okada Agent for holding freshness
KR20110115052A (en) * 2010-04-14 2011-10-20 도명재 The coating composition for prevention of browning of sweetpotato
CN102415437A (en) * 2011-12-09 2012-04-18 湖北大学 Broccoli preservation method and natural composite preservative thereof
CN104938616A (en) * 2015-06-03 2015-09-30 铜陵新梦想农牧科技有限公司 Method for keeping freshness of broccoli
CN106578011A (en) * 2016-11-11 2017-04-26 浙江大学 Solid fruit and vegetable fresh keeping agent containing purple perilla essential oil
CN109479953A (en) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-19 云南省农业科学院农产品加工研究所 A method of the antimicrobial emulsion fresh-keeping for romaine lettuce and prepare romaine lettuce preservative film

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09215485A (en) * 1996-02-09 1997-08-19 Toru Okada Agent for holding freshness
KR20110115052A (en) * 2010-04-14 2011-10-20 도명재 The coating composition for prevention of browning of sweetpotato
CN102415437A (en) * 2011-12-09 2012-04-18 湖北大学 Broccoli preservation method and natural composite preservative thereof
CN104938616A (en) * 2015-06-03 2015-09-30 铜陵新梦想农牧科技有限公司 Method for keeping freshness of broccoli
CN106578011A (en) * 2016-11-11 2017-04-26 浙江大学 Solid fruit and vegetable fresh keeping agent containing purple perilla essential oil
CN109479953A (en) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-19 云南省农业科学院农产品加工研究所 A method of the antimicrobial emulsion fresh-keeping for romaine lettuce and prepare romaine lettuce preservative film

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
耶伊加尔林斯卡娅,阿德别祖博夫,轻工业部科学研究设计院食品: "《超声波及其在食品工业中的应用》", 30 September 1960, 轻工业出版社 *

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