CN111211543B - Fusing type direct current breaker and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fusing type direct current breaker and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111211543B CN111211543B CN202010057189.3A CN202010057189A CN111211543B CN 111211543 B CN111211543 B CN 111211543B CN 202010057189 A CN202010057189 A CN 202010057189A CN 111211543 B CN111211543 B CN 111211543B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fusing type direct current breaker and a control method thereof, wherein the fusing type direct current breaker comprises a main branch, a breaking branch, an energy consumption branch, a protection branch and a fuse, wherein the main branch, the breaking branch, the energy consumption branch and the protection branch are connected in parallel and then are connected in series with the fuse; the main branch comprises a mechanical switch; the breaking branch comprises a power electronic device; the protection branch comprises a vacuum trigger gap for protecting the power electronic device; fuses are used to isolate extreme short circuit faults. The invention connects the direct current fast fuse in series through the main fracture, the breaking branch is connected in parallel with the vacuum triggering gap, the hybrid breaker body is responsible for breaking and using more single-pole ground faults and breaking the following currents, the fuse completes the fault isolation above the single-pole ground fault current, and simultaneously, the vacuum triggering gap is utilized to protect the power electronic device in order to avoid the condition that the fault deterioration of the single-pole to double-pole and the like exceeds the breaking capacity of the breaker in the fast breaking process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a circuit breaker, in particular to a fuse type direct current circuit breaker and a control method thereof.
Background
The direct current power grid can effectively solve the problems of tension in city power supply corridor, difficulty in new energy consumption, large load capacity and high power supply quality requirement along with industrial upgrading. However, the short-circuit current of the direct-current power grid is high in rising speed and peak value, natural zero crossing points do not exist, and the direct-current circuit breaker is large in design difficulty compared with a traditional alternating-current circuit breaker. Under a normal working state, the direct-current circuit breaker needs to bear and break rated current of a system and switch system branches; when a short-circuit fault occurs, the fault branch circuit can be quickly disconnected, energy stored in the inductor of the fault branch circuit can be absorbed, and system overvoltage can be inhibited. Common medium voltage dc breakers include pure solid state dc breakers, mechanical dc breakers and hybrid dc breakers. Rated current of the pure solid-state direct current breaker flows through a power electronic device, so that the heating power is high, and the electric energy loss is high; the hybrid direct current circuit breaker is formed by connecting a high-speed mechanical switch, a power electronic branch circuit and a lightning arrester in parallel, wherein the high-speed mechanical switch needs to be pulled open within 2-3ms to provide enough insulation distance, the power electronic branch circuit needs to have the capacity of breaking short-circuit current, the lightning arrester needs to absorb system short-circuit energy, and the requirement on the capacity of the device is high.
The dc circuit breaker is required to break a system load current, a unipolar short-circuit fault current, and a bipolar short-circuit fault current. The fault current level of the bipolar fault is more than one time higher than that of the system load current and the unipolar short-circuit fault current, but the occurrence probability is relatively small. The hybrid circuit breaker of the existing power distribution system needs to cover the load current, the single-pole ground fault current and the maximum fault current of the double-pole short-circuit fault with the breaking capacity. The power electronic device of the hybrid circuit breaker needs to be configured according to the maximum bipolar short-circuit current, and the lightning arrester needs to be configured according to the maximum bipolar short-circuit current breaking energy, so that the investment of the power electronic device, the lightning arrester and other devices is greatly increased, and the economy of a direct-current power grid is influenced.
At the same time, a monopolar ground fault may be converted into a bipolar short-circuit fault, for example, an arc of the monopolar ground fault melts the sheath of the cable, causing a bipolar short-circuit. When the breaker breaks the single-pole ground fault, the fault is suddenly converted into a double-pole short-circuit fault, the level of the short-circuit current can be rapidly increased, the breaking capacity of the breaker is exceeded, and the safety of the breaker and power grid equipment can be damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a fusing type direct current breaker which is low in manufacturing cost and avoids damage to power electronic devices due to fault expansion in the breaking process; another object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling a fuse-type dc circuit breaker for breaking a single-pole ground fault and a double-pole short-circuit fault
The technical scheme is as follows: the fuse type direct current circuit breaker comprises a main branch, a breaking branch, an energy consumption branch, a protection branch and a fuse, wherein the main branch, the breaking branch, the energy consumption branch and the protection branch are connected in parallel, and the main branch, the breaking branch, the energy consumption branch and the protection branch are connected in series with the fuse after being connected in parallel; the main branch comprises a mechanical switch; the breaking branch comprises a power electronic device; the protection branch comprises a vacuum trigger gap for protecting the power electronic device; the fuse is used to isolate a limit short fault.
The fuse is a direct current fast fuse; the device has the characteristics of small rated current loss and quick response.
The protection characteristic of the direct current fast fuse is set to operate above the maximum current of a single-pole earth fault of a system, and the direct current fast fuse is fused in 1 ms.
The mechanical switch of the main branch is a high-speed mechanical switch, and the high-speed mechanical switch is driven by a repulsion mechanism; the high-speed mechanical switch has strong short-time current tolerance capability, can ensure that the moving contact and the static contact are not separated in the fusing process of the fuse, and has short response time and high action speed.
The breaking branch also comprises a bridge circuit formed by reversely connecting a plurality of diodes in series or in parallel, the bridge circuit is connected in parallel at two ends of the main branch, and the power electronic devices are arranged in the bridge circuit to realize that a group of power electronic devices complete bidirectional turn-off.
The energy consumption branch comprises a zinc oxide arrester.
The invention relates to a control method of a fuse type direct current breaker, which comprises the following steps:
(a) in a rated through-current state, system current flows from the main branch and the direct-current fast fuse;
(b) when the breaking action needs to be completed, the mechanical switch of the main branch is turned on, and a vacuum fracture of the mechanical switch starts to be burnt; meanwhile, the power electronic device of the breaking branch is conducted, and the current starts to be transferred to the breaking branch under the action of the vacuum arc voltage;
(c) when the current is completely transferred to the breaking branch, the vacuum fracture of the mechanical switch is quenched, and the power electronic device keeps through current until the insulation tolerance of the vacuum fracture is recovered;
(d) breaking the branch circuit to turn off the current, enabling overvoltage at two ends of the breaker to rise, enabling electric devices on the energy consumption branch circuit to be conducted, and enabling the current to be rapidly transferred to the energy consumption branch circuit;
(e) the electric devices on the energy consumption branch absorb the energy stored in the system inductor;
(f) and because the system voltage is lower than the conduction threshold of the electric devices on the energy consumption branch, the electric devices on the energy consumption branch quickly recover the high-resistance state, and the switching-on and switching-off process is completed.
In the step (c), the through-current time of the power electronic device is different according to different system voltage grades.
When a bipolar grounding fault occurs, the main branch and the parallel branch do not act, and the breaker triggers the direct-current fast fuse to act, so that the short-circuit fault is cleared.
When the circuit breaker breaks current, a bipolar short-circuit fault occurs on a branch where the circuit breaker is located, and the current is already transferred to the breaking branch at the moment, but the breaking branch does not have the capacity of breaking the bipolar short-circuit current, and the control method in the case comprises the following steps:
(1) the breaker breaks the current;
(2) the circuit breaker is positioned in a branch circuit with bipolar short-circuit fault, and the current is transferred to a breaking branch circuit at the moment, but the breaking branch circuit does not have the capacity of breaking the bipolar short-circuit current;
(3) the vacuum trigger gap triggers conduction, the breaking branch is short-circuited, current is transferred to the protection branch, and when the current of the breaking branch falls within the turn-off capability range of the power electronic device, the breaking branch breaks the current;
(4) the direct current fast fuse acts, and the system fault is cleared;
(5) and the action of the direct current fast fuse is finished, and the fault is isolated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the breaking of load current and short-circuit current is realized through the combination of the fast fuse and the hybrid direct-current circuit breaker with the vacuum trigger gap, so that the cost of the direct-current circuit breaker is effectively reduced; (2) the power electronic device is protected through the vacuum trigger gap, and damage to valuable equipment such as the power electronic device of the circuit breaker and the like due to fault expansion in the breaking process is avoided; (3) the safety of the direct current breaker device is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuse-type dc circuit breaker according to the present invention;
fig. 2(a) to 2(f) are general breaking process diagrams of the fuse-type dc circuit breaker according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of the short-circuit breaking process of the fuse-type direct current circuit breaker in the invention;
fig. 4(a) to 4(e) are diagrams of the breaking process of the overload to short-circuit fault in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the attached drawing figures.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention includes a main branch, a breaking branch, an energy consuming branch, a protection branch and a dc fast fuse, wherein the main branch, the breaking branch, the energy consuming branch and the protection branch are connected in parallel, and the main branch, the breaking branch, the energy consuming branch and the protection branch are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the fuse; the main branch comprises a mechanical switch; the breaking branch comprises a power electronic device; the protection branch comprises a vacuum trigger gap for protecting the power electronic device; the fuse is used for isolating the limit short-circuit fault, and the protection characteristic of the direct current fast fuse is set to be above the maximum current of the system single-pole earth fault and fused within 1 ms. In the embodiment, the direct current fast fuse is an explosion bridge fuse and has the characteristics of small rated current loss and fast response.
The main branch is composed of a high-speed mechanical switch, the high-speed mechanical switch is driven by a repulsion mechanism, the high-speed mechanical switch has the characteristics of short response time period and high action speed, and the high-speed mechanical switch has strong short-time current tolerance capability and can ensure that the movable contact and the static contact are not separated in the fusing process of the fuse. The energy consumption branch comprises a zinc oxide arrester. The breaking branch comprises a group of power electronic devices and a bridge circuit formed by reversely connecting a plurality of diodes in series or in parallel, the bridge circuit is connected to two ends of the main branch in parallel, and the power electronic devices are arranged in the bridge circuit, so that bidirectional turn-off is completed by the group of power electronic devices. The bridge circuit is composed of four groups of power diodes, each group of power diodes refers to actual short-circuit current and system voltage, the power electronic devices can be but are not limited to series or parallel combination of the following devices, IGBT, IEGT, IGCT and the like, and the turn-off capability can meet the breaking requirement of a single-pole ground fault.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention further includes a method for controlling a fuse-type dc circuit breaker, including the steps of:
as shown in fig. 2(a), in the rated through-current state, the system current flows from the main branch and the direct-current fast fuse, and the on-state loss is small;
as shown in fig. 2(b), when the breaking action needs to be completed, the mechanical switch of the main branch is opened, and the vacuum fracture of the mechanical switch starts to be ignited; meanwhile, the power electronic device of the breaking branch is conducted, and the current starts to be transferred to the breaking branch under the action of the vacuum arc voltage;
as shown in fig. 2(c), after the current is completely transferred to the breaking branch, the vacuum fracture of the mechanical switch is extinguished, and the power electronic device keeps through current until the insulation withstand capability of the vacuum fracture is recovered; according to different system voltage grades, the through-current time of the power electronic device is different;
as shown in fig. 2(d), the breaking branch turns off the current, the overvoltage at the two ends of the breaker rises, the arrester is turned on, and the current is rapidly transferred to the energy consumption branch;
as shown in fig. 2(e), the zinc oxide arrester absorbs and absorbs the energy stored in the system inductor;
as shown in fig. 2(f), since the system voltage is lower than the conduction threshold of the zinc oxide arrester, the zinc oxide arrester of the energy consumption branch rapidly recovers to the high-resistance state, and the switching-on and switching-off process is completed.
As shown in fig. 3, when a bipolar grounding fault occurs, the main branch and the parallel branch thereof do not act, and the breaker triggers the dc fast fuse to act, thereby completing the clearing of the short-circuit fault.
As shown in fig. 4, when the circuit breaker is breaking current, the branch where the circuit breaker is located has a bipolar short-circuit fault, and the current is already transferred to the breaking branch, but the breaking branch does not have the capacity of breaking the bipolar short-circuit current, and the control method in this case includes the following steps:
as shown in fig. 4(a), the circuit breaker is breaking current;
as shown in fig. 4(b), the branch where the breaker is located has a bipolar short-circuit fault, and the current is already transferred to the breaking branch at this time, but the breaking branch does not have the capability of breaking the bipolar short-circuit current;
as shown in fig. 4(c), the vacuum trigger gap is turned on, the breaking branch is short-circuited, and the current is transferred to the protection branch; when the current of the breaking branch is reduced to be within the range of the turn-off capability of the power electronic device, the breaking branch breaks the current;
as shown in fig. 4(d), the dc fast fuse operates, and the system fault is cleared;
as shown in fig. 4(e), the fuse action is completed and the fault is isolated.
The invention covers the breaking requirement of the most common short-circuit fault of the direct-current distribution system by combining the hybrid circuit breaker and the fast fuse, and the fast fuse is responsible for isolating the extreme short-circuit fault with extremely low occurrence probability such as bipolar fault, thereby greatly saving the investment of power electronic devices of the hybrid circuit breaker and effectively reducing the manufacturing cost of the direct-current circuit breaker. Meanwhile, due to the possibility of fault expansion of the single-pole grounding fault, the power electronic branch circuit is protected through the vacuum trigger gap, the damage of the fault expansion to valuable equipment such as a power electronic device of the circuit breaker in the breaking process is avoided, and the safety of the direct-current circuit breaker equipment is greatly improved.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks. Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A control method of a fuse type direct current breaker is characterized in that: the fuse type direct current circuit breaker comprises a main branch, a breaking branch, an energy consumption branch, a protection branch and a fuse, wherein the main branch, the breaking branch, the energy consumption branch and the protection branch are connected in parallel and then connected with the fuse in series; the main branch comprises a mechanical switch; the breaking branch comprises a power electronic device; the protection branch comprises a vacuum trigger gap for protecting the power electronic device; the fuse is used for isolating the limit short-circuit fault;
the control method comprises the following steps:
(a) in a rated through-current state, system current flows from the main branch and the direct-current fast fuse;
(b) when the breaking action needs to be completed, the mechanical switch of the main branch is turned on, and a vacuum fracture of the mechanical switch starts to be burnt; meanwhile, the power electronic device of the breaking branch is conducted, and the current starts to be transferred to the breaking branch under the action of the vacuum arc voltage;
(c) when the current is completely transferred to the breaking branch, the vacuum fracture of the mechanical switch is extinguished, and the power electronic device keeps through-current until the insulation tolerance of the vacuum fracture is recovered;
(d) breaking the branch circuit to turn off the current, increasing the overvoltage at two ends of the breaker, conducting the zinc oxide arrester of the energy consumption branch circuit, and quickly transferring the current to the energy consumption branch circuit;
(e) the zinc oxide arrester absorbs and absorbs energy stored in the system inductor;
(f) because the system voltage is lower than the conduction threshold of the zinc oxide lightning arrester, the zinc oxide lightning arrester of the energy consumption branch circuit rapidly recovers a high-resistance state, and the switching-on and switching-off process is completed;
when the breaker is breaking current, the branch where the breaker is located has bipolar short-circuit fault, and the current is transferred to the breaking branch, but the breaking branch does not have the capacity of breaking the bipolar short-circuit current, and the control method in the case comprises the following steps:
(1) the breaker breaks the current;
(2) the circuit breaker is positioned in a branch circuit with bipolar short-circuit fault, and the current is transferred to a breaking branch circuit at the moment, but the breaking branch circuit does not have the capacity of breaking the bipolar short-circuit current;
(3) the vacuum trigger gap triggers conduction, the breaking branch is short-circuited, current is transferred to the protection branch, and when the current of the breaking branch falls within the turn-off capability range of the power electronic device, the breaking branch breaks the current;
(4) the direct current fast fuse acts, and the system fault is cleared;
(5) and the action of the direct current fast fuse is finished, and the fault is isolated.
2. The method of controlling a fuse type dc circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fuse is a direct current fast fuse.
3. The method of controlling the fusible direct current breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that: the protection characteristic of the direct current fast fuse is set to operate above the maximum current of a single-pole earth fault of a system, and the direct current fast fuse is fused in 1 ms.
4. The method of controlling a fuse type dc circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mechanical switch of the main branch is a high-speed mechanical switch, and the high-speed mechanical switch is driven by a repulsion mechanism.
5. The method of controlling a fuse type dc circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: the breaking branch further comprises a bridge circuit formed by reversely connecting a plurality of diodes in series or in parallel, the bridge circuit is connected to two ends of the main branch in parallel, and the power electronic device is arranged in the bridge circuit.
6. The method of controlling the fusible direct current breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: the energy consumption branch comprises a zinc oxide arrester.
7. The method of controlling a fuse type dc circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (c), the through-current time of the power electronic device is different according to different system voltage grades.
8. The method of controlling a fuse type dc circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: when a bipolar grounding fault occurs, the main branch and the parallel branch do not act, and the breaker triggers the direct-current fast fuse to act, so that the short-circuit fault is cleared.
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CN111863465B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-08-02 | 河北电力装备有限公司 | Double-station circuit breaker, direct-current combined electrical apparatus applying same and working method |
CN112290515A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-29 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Hybrid high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker and circuit breaker |
CN112865061A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-28 | 天津大学 | Direct current load switch based on power electronic device and switching method thereof |
CN216162400U (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2022-04-01 | 西安交通大学 | Combined DC protective switch device |
CN216355941U (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-04-19 | 株洲福德轨道交通研究院有限公司 | Low-voltage mixed type direct-current circuit breaker |
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CN110277777A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-24 | 湖南大学 | Fault current discharge device and electric system with overvoltage protection |
CN110299700A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-10-01 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of electro-mechanical mixed dc circuit breaker and its control method |
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CN106558866B (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2019-08-13 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of no arc dc circuit breaker and its application method |
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JPH05266768A (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1993-10-15 | Hitachi Ltd | D.c. breaker |
CN108242374A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-03 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of band fixes the combined type DC fuse of fracture |
CN108649544A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-10-12 | 重庆大学 | A kind of mechanical high-voltage dc circuit breaker device and its cutoff method |
CN110299700A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-10-01 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of electro-mechanical mixed dc circuit breaker and its control method |
CN110277777A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-24 | 湖南大学 | Fault current discharge device and electric system with overvoltage protection |
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