CN117198821A - Circuit breaker and method of opening a circuit breaker - Google Patents
Circuit breaker and method of opening a circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
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- CN117198821A CN117198821A CN202210610338.3A CN202210610338A CN117198821A CN 117198821 A CN117198821 A CN 117198821A CN 202210610338 A CN202210610338 A CN 202210610338A CN 117198821 A CN117198821 A CN 117198821A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a circuit breaker and a method of opening such a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker comprising: a solid state switching circuit; the mechanical switch assembly is connected with the solid-state switch circuit in parallel to form a main loop, and comprises a contact assembly and a trigger device for driving the contact assembly to act; wherein when the circuit breaker is in a fault condition and needs to be opened, the triggering device is configured to drive the contact assembly to be opened to turn off a mechanical switch assembly, so as to commutate fault current to the solid-state switch circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a circuit breaker and a method of opening the circuit breaker.
Background
With the development of solid-state switching circuits, the advent of wide bandgap semiconductor devices has made it possible to directly control the on-off of a large current circuit through a semiconductor circuit. One type of circuit breaker that uses solid state switching circuitry to control the switching of a circuit is known as a solid state circuit breaker. The solid-state switching circuit comprises a power electronic device and has the advantages of quick turn-off and high use times. However, a solid-state circuit breaker using a solid-state switching circuit with a single through-current has a large on-state heating loss and requires a cooling device.
In addition, the voltage class of a single power electronic device is not more than 2-5kV, the breaking capacity is not more than 10kA, and when the single power electronic device is applied to high-voltage and high-capacity classes, the single power electronic device can only adopt a plurality of series-parallel connection, so that the problems of the on-state loss and the reliability of the circuit breaker are obvious.
In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of solid-state circuit breakers, hybrid circuit breakers are known in which a mechanical switch is combined with the solid-state circuit breaker, and the mechanical switch is used for carrying out a current-through task, and the parallel solid-state circuit breakers are used for realizing a current commutation and a disconnection task. However, the mechanical switch has long switching-off time and poor current limiting effect, and the main loop is connected with a solid-state switch circuit in parallel, so that leakage current exists, and the application of the hybrid circuit breaker is limited.
Therefore, a novel circuit breaker is needed, which has high short-circuit breaking capacity in a short time, and has a simple and reliable structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems and needs, the present invention provides a novel circuit breaker and a method for opening the same, which solve the above-mentioned problems and bring about other technical effects due to the following technical features.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a circuit breaker comprising: the solid-state switch circuit is connected with the mechanical switch component in parallel to form a main loop, and the mechanical switch component comprises a contact component and a trigger device for driving the contact component to act; wherein the triggering device is configured to drive the contact assembly to open to turn off the mechanical switch assembly to commutate a fault current to the solid state switching circuit when the circuit breaker is in a fault condition requiring opening.
In some examples, the triggering device includes a coil assembly and a control element configured to control the coil assembly to drive the contact assembly to act.
In some examples, the control element is configured to control the coil assembly using a portion of the fault current.
In some examples, the operating current of the coil assembly is 2A or less.
In some examples, the circuit breaker further comprises a disconnector connected in series with the main circuit, the disconnector configured to disconnect the main circuit from an external circuit after the circuit breaker is fully opened.
In some examples, the circuit breaker further includes a voltage limiting energy absorbing circuit in parallel with the solid state switching circuit and the mechanical switching assembly, the voltage limiting energy absorbing circuit including a Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV).
In some examples, the circuit breaker further includes a measurement and control circuit configured to control the triggering device to drive the contact assembly to open in response to a fault condition, and to control the solid state switching circuit to open after a first time delay or contact assembly reaches an open distance to divert fault current to the voltage limiting and energy absorbing circuit.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method of opening a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker including a solid state switching circuit and a mechanical switching assembly connected in parallel with the solid state switching circuit to form a main circuit, the mechanical switching assembly including a contact assembly and a triggering device that drives the contact assembly to operate, the method comprising: when the breaker is in a fault condition and needs to be opened, the trigger device is controlled to open the contact assembly to turn off the mechanical switch assembly, and fault current is commutated to the solid-state switch circuit.
In some examples, the triggering device includes a coil assembly and a control element by which the coil assembly is controlled to drive the contact assembly into action, wherein the control element uses a portion of the fault current to control the coil assembly.
In some examples, the operating current of the coil assembly is 2A or less.
In some examples, the method further comprises: after the circuit breaker is completely opened, the main circuit is disconnected from the external circuit by a disconnector connected in series with the main circuit.
In some examples, the method further comprises: and responding to a fault condition, and controlling the trigger device through a measurement and control circuit to drive the contact assembly to be opened.
In some examples, the method further comprises: after the first time delay or the contact assembly reaches an opening distance, the solid-state switch circuit is controlled to be disconnected through the measurement and control circuit, so that fault current is commutated to the voltage-limiting energy-absorbing circuit, wherein the voltage-limiting energy-absorbing circuit is connected with the solid-state switch circuit and the mechanical switch assembly in parallel, and the voltage-limiting energy-absorbing circuit comprises a Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV).
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description relate only to some embodiments of the present disclosure, not to limit the present disclosure.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a prior art hybrid circuit breaker;
fig. 2 illustrates a circuit schematic of a circuit breaker in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a mechanical switch assembly and a disconnector of a circuit breaker in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the circuit breaker is in a normally conductive state;
fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a mechanical switch assembly and a disconnector of a circuit breaker, wherein the circuit breaker fails to open, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a mechanical switch assembly and a disconnector of a circuit breaker according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the disconnector is opened;
fig. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of a breaking process of a circuit breaker in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the technical solutions of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of specific embodiments of the present invention. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like parts. It should be noted that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the claims, are not used for any order, quantity, or importance, but are used for distinguishing between different elements. Likewise, the terms "a" or "an" and the like do not necessarily denote a limitation of quantity. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.
Various embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, it is to be noted that in the drawings, the same reference numerals are given to constituent parts having substantially the same or similar structures and functions, and repeated description thereof will be omitted.
Possible implementations within the scope of the present disclosure may have fewer components, have other components not shown in the drawings, different components, differently arranged components, differently connected components, etc., than the examples shown in the drawings. Furthermore, two or more of the components in the figures may be implemented in a single component or a single component shown in the figures may be implemented as multiple separate components without departing from the concepts of the present disclosure.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a hybrid circuit breaker of the prior art. The hybrid circuit breaker, also known as a zero voltage or natural commutation type circuit breaker, comprises a mechanical switch, a solid state switching circuit and a voltage limiting and energy absorbing circuit connected in parallel with each other. The mechanical switch is a common breaker switching mechanism and comprises a moving contact and a fixed contact. When the breaker breaks down and needs to be disconnected, the measurement and control unit rapidly sends a brake-off instruction, the mechanical switch is opened for a certain time in a delayed manner, and current is commutated to the solid-state switch circuit. However, the mechanical switch has a delay in the actuation time, a slow response time, and a large drive current is required to open the moving contact and the fixed contact. Furthermore, the mechanical switch has poor current limiting effect, and leakage current exists in the main loop due to the fact that the solid-state switch circuit is connected in parallel. In addition, the hybrid circuit breaker also does not have isolation capability, and the circuit breaker cannot be isolated from an external circuit, so that the hybrid circuit breaker is inconvenient to overhaul.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a novel circuit breaker which has high short circuit breaking capacity in a short time and simple and reliable structure. In addition, the circuit breaker is also provided with an isolating switch, so that the circuit breaker is convenient to repair and maintain.
As shown in fig. 2, a circuit breaker in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a disconnector, a mechanical switch assembly, a solid state switching circuit, and a voltage limiting and energy absorbing circuit. The mechanical switch assembly, the solid-state switch circuit and the voltage limiting and energy absorbing circuit are connected in parallel to form a main loop, and the isolating switch is connected with the main loop in series. Other circuits, such as measurement and control circuits, that are less relevant to the inventive concepts of the present invention are omitted from fig. 2. The solid-state switching circuit is powered by a power electronic device, such as SCR, IGBT, IGCT, ETO, etc. as a master switch, and current breaking of the solid-state switching circuit mainly depends on turning off of the power electronic device. The breaking speed of the power electronic device in microsecond magnitude determines that the direct current solid state circuit breaker has excellent fault current limiting capability.
As illustrated in fig. 3 to 5, the mechanical switch assembly may comprise a contact assembly 1 and a triggering device 2 driving the contact assembly 1 in motion, for example. The contact assembly 1 includes a moving contact assembly 11 and a stationary contact assembly 12, and the moving contact assembly 11 is movable or rotatable relative to the stationary contact assembly 12 to open or close the moving contact with the stationary contact.
The triggering device 2 comprises a coil assembly 21 and a control element 22. Illustratively, the coil assembly 21 may include a coil and a plunger 23. The plunger 23 is accommodated in the coil and is movable relative to the coil when the coil is energized. In an embodiment in which the moving contact of the moving contact assembly 11 is pivotable, the moving contact is mounted at one end of a moving contact holder 13, the moving contact holder 13 being pivotable with respect to a pivot center O, and the triggering device 2 is arranged between the moving contact of the moving contact assembly 11 and the pivot center O, preferably closer to the moving contact. The movable iron core 23 is configured to contact the movable contact bracket 13 and drive the pivoting thereof.
Illustratively, the plunger 23 may move in a linear direction D. As shown in fig. 4, when the coil is energized, the movable iron core 23 moves in the linear direction D and contacts the contact support 13, driving the movable contact support 13 to rotate in the clockwise direction as shown in fig. 4, thereby separating the movable contact from the stationary contact, and realizing the disconnection of the mechanical switch assembly.
The control element 22 is configured to control the coil assembly 21 to drive the contact assembly 1 to act. The control element 22 may be, for example, a power device or a power amplifier, which receives a control signal to drive the switching of the current in the coil of the coil assembly 21. Preferably, the control element 22 may control the coil assembly 21 using a partial fault current of the main circuit upon a breaker failure.
Therefore, compared with the existing mechanical switch, the trigger device 2 can be used for passing small current, for example, the current is in the range of 0.5 to 2A, the trigger device 2 is used for matching with the short-time work of the control element, the switch action time is controlled to be 100-200ms, the control current is small, and the action is rapid. By adjusting parameters such as coil wire diameter, turns and the like, proper circuit elements (inductance and resistance) are designed so as to rapidly open the moving contact.
In this embodiment, the disconnector is configured to disconnect the main circuit from the external circuit after the circuit breaker is completely opened. For example, the disconnector may be a mechanical switch, which may be manually or automatically actuated to open, thereby preventing possible leakage currents in the main circuit, facilitating maintenance. Alternatively, the disconnector may be designed with an automatic reclosing structure to achieve full automatic reclosing after the breaker failure has been removed. In addition, when the isolating switch is opened, the main circuit is disconnected from the external circuit, so that there is no fault current, no current passes through the control element 22, and thus the coil assembly 21 is reset, so that the contact assembly 1 is re-closed, as shown in fig. 5.
For example, the voltage limiting and energy absorbing circuit may include elements such as Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs) for transferring excess voltage. The metal oxide varistor has a very high resistance in normal operation and is thus essentially in an open state, whereas when the voltage in the circuit exceeds a predetermined value, for example in the event of a fault such as a lightning strike, a short circuit, overheating, etc., the voltage is switched to a voltage limiting and energy absorbing circuit, the resistance of which drops sharply, and is thus in a near-conducting state, conducting a large amount of current, consuming an excessive voltage.
In an embodiment not shown, the circuit breaker may further comprise a measurement and control circuit configured to control the triggering device 2 to drive the contact assembly 1 to open in response to a fault condition and to control the solid state switching circuit to open after a first time delay or after the contact assembly 1 reaches an opening distance, thereby commutating the fault current to the voltage limiting and energy absorbing circuit.
A schematic diagram of a breaking process of a circuit breaker according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is described below in connection with fig. 6, and a method of opening the circuit breaker is also embodied in the description. In the following, a dc circuit breaker will be taken as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the circuit breaker of the present invention may be applied to other circuit breakers, such as an ac circuit breaker.
Because the current in the direct current power system does not have a natural zero crossing point, the current zero crossing point must be manufactured by a special method. On the other hand, because the direct current short-circuit current rises fast and the peak value is high, the breaker must complete the breaking task (millisecond level) in a short time to meet the protection requirement of the direct current power system on current limiting breaking. The breaking process of the circuit breaker generally comprises a plurality of links such as fault detection, logic judgment and tripping, mechanism breaking (or solid-state switch triggering), overvoltage establishment, energy absorption and dissipation and the like. The rapid direct current breaker needs to reduce the time consumption of each link as much as possible, the full breaking time is compressed in the millisecond order, and a large amount of system energy storage, absorption and dissipation are completed in a short time.
In FIG. 6, I N Indicating the normal working current, i m Indicating the magnitude of the current through the mechanical switch assembly, i s Indicating the magnitude of the current through the solid state switching circuit, i MOV The current flowing through the voltage limiting and energy absorbing circuit is represented, and u represents the voltage across the main loop.
During normal operation of the circuit breaker, the circuit is conductive, so u=0. Due to solid-state switching circuit and voltage limiting and energy absorbing circuitThe resistance of the main loop is far greater than that of the mechanical switch assembly, so that the current of the main loop mainly flows through the mechanical switch assembly, and the working current is I N 。
At t 0 At the moment the circuit breaker fails, e.g. a short circuit occurs, a current i flows through the mechanical switching assembly m And (3) increasing. At this time, the measurement and control unit rapidly sends out a brake-off instruction, and the coil of the coil assembly 21 is conducted by rapidly closing the control element 22 to help the moving contact to open and delay for a certain time t 1 And then the mechanical switch assembly is opened.
Under the action of arc voltage, the system current is commutated to a solid-state switching circuit, at t 2 At time, the current i of the mechanical switch assembly m Zero crossing, arc extinction, control element gets electricity from main circuit and to trigger device 2 continuous power supply for mechanical switch assembly's moving contact remains open all the time. At this time, the solid-state switching circuit current i s Gradually increasing.
Delay for a certain time to t 3 At time, reliable mechanical fracture (reaching the opening distance) is formed by the mechanical switch component, the power electronic device of the solid-state switch circuit is turned off, and at t 4 The solid state switching circuit is completely turned off at the moment. At this time, the overvoltage u is established at the two ends of the main loop, and the current is transferred to the voltage limiting and energy absorbing circuit i MOV Increasing the solid state switching circuit current i s Zero crossing.
As the voltage limiting and energy absorbing circuit gradually dissipates system energy (t 4 —t 5 ) Final current i MOV Zero crossing at t 5 At the moment, the breaker is completely disconnected. And then the measurement and control unit sends a command to the isolating switch to indicate the isolating switch to be disconnected, so that the reliable cut-off of the circuit is realized and the isolating performance is realized. At this time, the main circuit is powered off, the triggering device 2 is powered off, the initial position is restored, and the moving contact in the contact assembly 1 is also restored to the closed state so as to meet the next power-on overcurrent.
In addition, other fault conditions such as thermal protection, short-time delay protection and the like are the same as short-circuit protection, and a measurement and control unit sends out a brake-separating instruction to execute the same set of breaking program, so that the main loop structure and the working process are kept consistent and simple.
Through the characteristics, the circuit breaker and the method for opening the circuit breaker can realize short-time high short-circuit breaking capacity. According to the test results, a short-circuit current of 70kA, 150kA or even higher can be carried. In addition, the isolating switch is arranged, so that the maintenance is very convenient, the automatic reclosing structure can be designed, and the full-automatic operation is realized.
Exemplary embodiments of the circuit breaker and the method of opening the circuit breaker according to the present invention have been described in detail hereinabove with reference to preferred embodiments, however, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the specific embodiments described above without departing from the concept of the invention. In addition, various technical features and structures presented in various aspects of the present invention may be combined in various ways without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A circuit breaker, comprising:
a solid state switching circuit; and
the mechanical switch assembly is connected with the solid-state switch circuit in parallel to form a main loop, and comprises a contact assembly and a trigger device for driving the contact assembly to act;
wherein the triggering device is configured to drive the contact assembly to open to turn off the mechanical switch assembly to commutate a fault current to the solid state switching circuit when the circuit breaker is in a fault condition requiring opening.
2. The circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein the triggering device comprises a coil assembly and a control element configured to control the coil assembly to drive the contact assembly to act.
3. The circuit breaker of claim 2, wherein the control element is configured to control the coil assembly using a partial fault current.
4. The circuit breaker of claim 1, further comprising:
and the isolating switch is connected with the main loop in series and is configured to disconnect the main loop from an external circuit after the breaker is completely disconnected.
5. The circuit breaker of claim 1, further comprising:
and the voltage limiting and energy absorbing circuit is connected in parallel with the solid-state switch circuit and the mechanical switch assembly, and comprises a Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV).
6. The circuit breaker of claim 5, further comprising:
and the measurement and control circuit is configured to respond to a fault condition, control the trigger device to drive the contact assembly to be opened, and control the solid-state switching circuit to be opened after a first time delay or the contact assembly reaches an opening distance, so as to commutate fault current to the voltage limiting and energy absorbing circuit.
7. A method of opening a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker including a solid state switching circuit and a mechanical switching assembly connected in parallel with the solid state switching circuit to form a main circuit, the mechanical switching assembly including a contact assembly and a trigger device that actuates the contact assembly, the method comprising:
when the breaker is in a fault condition and needs to be opened, the trigger device is controlled to open the contact assembly to turn off the mechanical switch assembly, and fault current is commutated to the solid-state switch circuit.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the triggering device includes a coil assembly and a control element by which the coil assembly is controlled to drive the contact assembly into action, and wherein the control element uses a portion of the fault current to control the coil assembly.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising: after the circuit breaker is completely opened, the main circuit is disconnected from the external circuit by a disconnector connected in series with the main circuit.
10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
and responding to a fault condition, and controlling the trigger device through a measurement and control circuit to drive the contact assembly to be opened.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
after the first time delay or the contact assembly reaches an opening distance, the solid-state switch circuit is controlled to be disconnected through the measurement and control circuit, so that fault current is commutated to the voltage-limiting energy-absorbing circuit, wherein the voltage-limiting energy-absorbing circuit is connected with the solid-state switch circuit and the mechanical switch assembly in parallel, and the voltage-limiting energy-absorbing circuit comprises a Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210610338.3A CN117198821A (en) | 2022-05-31 | 2022-05-31 | Circuit breaker and method of opening a circuit breaker |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210610338.3A CN117198821A (en) | 2022-05-31 | 2022-05-31 | Circuit breaker and method of opening a circuit breaker |
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| CN117198821A true CN117198821A (en) | 2023-12-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210610338.3A Pending CN117198821A (en) | 2022-05-31 | 2022-05-31 | Circuit breaker and method of opening a circuit breaker |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117438887A (en) * | 2023-12-20 | 2024-01-23 | 天津航空机电有限公司 | Solid state circuit breaker distribution board card, control method, distribution cabinet and distribution cabinet |
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2022
- 2022-05-31 CN CN202210610338.3A patent/CN117198821A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117438887A (en) * | 2023-12-20 | 2024-01-23 | 天津航空机电有限公司 | Solid state circuit breaker distribution board card, control method, distribution cabinet and distribution cabinet |
| CN117438887B (en) * | 2023-12-20 | 2024-04-09 | 天津航空机电有限公司 | Solid state circuit breaker distribution board card, control method, distribution cabinet and distribution cabinet |
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