WO2020186652A1 - Novel direct current circuit breaker - Google Patents

Novel direct current circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020186652A1
WO2020186652A1 PCT/CN2019/093033 CN2019093033W WO2020186652A1 WO 2020186652 A1 WO2020186652 A1 WO 2020186652A1 CN 2019093033 W CN2019093033 W CN 2019093033W WO 2020186652 A1 WO2020186652 A1 WO 2020186652A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch
circuit breaker
branch
transfer
electronic
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PCT/CN2019/093033
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吴小钊
张�杰
纪江辉
王小丽
李长鹏
李树昆
曹善军
姜亚军
王其中
李俊豪
Original Assignee
许继集团有限公司
许昌许继软件技术有限公司
许继电气股份有限公司
国家电网有限公司
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Application filed by 许继集团有限公司, 许昌许继软件技术有限公司, 许继电气股份有限公司, 国家电网有限公司 filed Critical 许继集团有限公司
Publication of WO2020186652A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020186652A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to a new type of direct current circuit breaker, which belongs to the technical field of direct current transmission.
  • a high-voltage DC fast circuit breaker discloses a high-voltage DC fast circuit breaker as shown in Fig. 1, including a mechanical isolating switch QS and a high-voltage electronic switch (such as a dashed box Shown inside) and medium and low voltage DC circuit breaker QK; wherein, the mechanical isolating switch QS and the medium and low voltage DC circuit breaker QK are connected in series to form the main branch, and the transfer branch formed by the high voltage electronic switch is connected in parallel with the main branch.
  • the high-voltage electronic switch is formed by at least two valve sections in series, and each valve section is formed by a lightning arrester and at least one set of series-connected shut-off high-power electronic components in parallel.
  • the high-power resistance element that can be turned off is IGBT, IECT or GTO.
  • the main branch adopts a medium and low voltage DC circuit breaker with arc extinguishing capability.
  • the current of the main branch depends on the arc voltage of the medium and low voltage DC circuit breaker to be higher than the conduction of the transfer branch.
  • the voltage drop completes the transfer, but in the medium and high voltage field, the single fracture arc voltage of the main branch is generally about 20V, and the conduction voltage drop of the transfer branch is proportional to the number of power devices in the transfer branch (single power device The conduction voltage drop is about 3V). If multiple power devices are connected in series to make the conduction voltage drop of the transfer branch exceed the single-break arc voltage of the main branch by 20V, the current of the main branch cannot be reliably transferred to the transfer branch. This leads to failure of breaking.
  • the purpose of the utility model is to provide a new type of DC circuit breaker, which is used to solve the problem that the current DC circuit breaker has too many power devices connected in series in the transfer branch, because the conduction voltage drop of the transfer branch exceeds the main The single-fracture arc voltage of the branch cannot realize the problem of reliable breaking.
  • the present invention provides a new type of DC circuit breaker, including a main branch and a transfer branch connected in parallel with the main branch.
  • the main branch is composed of a first switch and a circuit breaker switch in series, and the transfer branch is provided with A first electronic switch, the circuit breaker switch is connected in parallel with a second electronic switch, the second electronic switch is composed of at least one switchable electronic component, and the conduction voltage of the second electronic switch is lower than the single break of the main branch Arc voltage.
  • the beneficial effect of the utility model is that by adding a second electronic switch arranged in parallel with the circuit breaker switch, when a short circuit fault occurs in the DC line, the current of the main branch is quickly transferred to the one whose conduction voltage is lower than that of the main branch.
  • the second electronic switch with single-break arc voltage after the circuit breaker switch is extinguished, by turning off the second electronic switch, the current of the main branch is transferred to the transfer branch, and the short-circuit current is interrupted by the first electronic switch.
  • the novel DC circuit breaker of the present invention can still achieve reliability under the condition that the number of power devices connected in series in the transfer branch is too large, that is, the conduction voltage drop of the transfer branch exceeds the single-break arc voltage of the main branch. Switch off.
  • the first electronic switch is composed of at least one bridge transfer circuit, and the bridge transfer circuit has a parallel connection.
  • the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm are formed by two diodes connected in series in the same direction, and the second bridge arm is formed by connecting two other diodes in series in the same direction;
  • the series point of the two diodes is the input/output end of the bridge transfer circuit, and the series point of the two diodes of the second bridge arm is the output/input end of the bridge transfer circuit;
  • the bridge transfer circuit further includes The switchable branch is connected in parallel with the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm, and the switchable branch is formed by at least one switchable electronic component.
  • the first electronic switch is composed of at least one valve section, and each valve section is composed of a lightning arrester and at least A group of series-connected turn-off electronic components are formed in parallel.
  • the first switch is a switch with arc resistance.
  • the switch with arc resistance is a vacuum circuit breaker or an SF6 circuit breaker.
  • the switchable electronic component is an IGBT, IECT or GTO.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a high-voltage DC fast circuit breaker in the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of the novel DC circuit breaker in embodiment 1 of the utility model
  • Figure 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of the novel DC circuit breaker in the second embodiment of the utility model
  • 1 is the first switch
  • 2 is the circuit breaker switch
  • 3 is the second electronic switch
  • 4-1 is the first electronic switch
  • 4-2 is the first electronic switch
  • 5 is the lightning arrester
  • 6 is the switch-off electronic element.
  • New type DC circuit breaker embodiment 1
  • the new DC circuit breaker of this embodiment includes a main branch and a transfer branch connected in parallel with the main branch.
  • the main branch is composed of a first switch 1 and a circuit breaker switch 2 (ie, medium and low voltage DC circuit breaker) in series.
  • the circuit breaker switch 2 is connected in parallel with a second electronic switch 3
  • the second electronic switch 3 is composed of two switchable electronic components 6 in reverse series, and the two switchable electronic components in reverse series are also connected in parallel with a lightning arrester and a lightning arrester It is used to release the overvoltage on the switchable electronic component. If there is no overvoltage problem on the switchable electronic component, the lightning arrester may not be connected in parallel; the first electronic switch 4-1 is provided in the transfer branch.
  • the electronic switch 4-1 is composed of three valve sections in series, and each valve section is formed by a lightning arrester 5 and a set of series-connected turn-off electronic components 6 in parallel. In this embodiment, two turn-off electronic components 6 are reversed. Concatenated into a group.
  • the medium and low voltage DC circuit breaker is a low voltage DC circuit breaker that is lower than the rated DC voltage of the system and has the ability to eliminate DC arcs. Its breaking current is very fast. This kind of equipment can be directly selected and purchased with low cost.
  • the turn-off electronic component 6 is an IGBT; as another embodiment, the turn-off electronic component 6 may also be an IECT or GTO.
  • the first switch 1 is a vacuum circuit breaker or an SF6 circuit breaker, etc.
  • the first switch 1 also has an arc resistance capability; as other embodiments, the first switch 1 can also adopt other existing technologies with resistance to arcs. Switches with arc capability are equivalently replaced, such as air dielectric contacts and arc extinguishing grids.
  • the second electronic switch 3 is composed of two switchable electronic components 6 in reverse series, and its conduction voltage is lower than the single-break arc voltage of the main branch.
  • the single-break arc voltage refers to the circuit breaker switch 2.
  • Fracture arc voltage as another embodiment, in the case of ensuring that the conduction voltage of the second electronic switch 3 is lower than the single-break arc voltage of the main branch, the second electronic switch 3 may be composed of a switchable electronic component 6; or It is composed of at least two switchable electronic components 6 in parallel in the same direction; or at least two valve segments are connected in series, and each valve segment is composed of two switchable electronic components 6 in reverse series.
  • the first electronic switch 4-1 may also be composed of one valve section or at least two valve sections in series, and each valve section is formed by a lightning arrester 5 and at least one set of series-connected switchable electronic components 6 in parallel. , Wherein two switchable electronic components 6 are connected in reverse series to form a group.
  • the opening operation process of the new DC circuit breaker is as follows: the controller sends a command to open the first switch 1, the circuit breaker switch 2 (specifically, the first switch 1 can be opened first, and the circuit is opened. After the switch 2 of the circuit breaker is opened; or the first switch 1 and the circuit breaker switch 2 are opened at the same time), the second electronic switch 3 and the first electronic switch 4-1 can be controlled to conduct at the same time.
  • the arc voltage causes the main branch current to automatically transfer to the second electronic switch 3, and the circuit breaker switch 2 extinguishes the arc; then after a delay of the set time, the controller controls the second electronic switch 3 to turn off, and the second electronic switch 3 generates Overvoltage causes the current of the main branch to be transferred to the first electronic switch 4-1. At this time, the current of the main branch is turned off and an isolated port is generated; then, the controller controls the first electronic switch 4-1 to turn off. After the electronic switch 4-1 is turned off, the remaining energy is absorbed by the arrester in the first electronic switch 4-1, thereby completing the breaking of the short-circuit current.
  • the reason why the second electronic switch 3 is controlled to be turned off after the set time delay is to ensure that the short-circuit current in the main branch can be completely transferred to the second electronic switch 3 to increase the short-circuit current Breaking reliability, the length of the set time can be set artificially according to the test results or experience.
  • the new DC circuit breaker In order to prevent the opening operation of the new DC circuit breaker from misjudgment of the short-circuit fault, the new DC circuit breaker also has a fast reclosing function.
  • the fast reclosing process is: when the new DC circuit breaker completes the first short circuit After the current is interrupted, if fast reclosing is required, after the set delay time (up to several milliseconds), the first electronic switch 4-1 is closed again to turn on the transfer branch. If there is still a short-circuit current in the system, then The first electronic switch 4-1 completes the breaking of the short-circuit current again; if there is no short-circuit current in the system, after a set delay time, the circuit breaker switch 2 and the first switch 1 are closed in sequence.
  • the length of the set delay time in the rapid reclosing process can be set artificially according to the test results or experience.
  • the conduction voltage of the second electronic switch 3 is reduced to the single-break arc voltage of the main branch, so that when a short-circuit fault occurs in the DC line ,
  • the main branch current can be reliably transferred to the second electronic switch 3, and then transferred to the transfer branch to be broken, ensuring that the conduction voltage drop of the new DC circuit breaker in the transfer branch exceeds that of the main branch.
  • reliable breaking can still be achieved.
  • New type DC circuit breaker embodiment 2
  • a first electronic switch 4-2 is provided in the transfer branch, and the first electronic switch 4-2 is composed of a bridge transfer circuit.
  • the type transfer circuit has a first bridge arm and a second bridge arm connected in parallel.
  • the first bridge arm is formed by two diodes connected in series in the same direction, and the second bridge arm is formed by two other diodes connected in series in the same direction;
  • the series connection point of the two diodes is the input/output end of the bridge transfer circuit, and the series connection point of the two diodes of the second bridge arm is the output/input end of the bridge transfer circuit;
  • the bridge transfer circuit also includes the connection with the first bridge arm ,
  • the second bridge arm is connected in parallel with a switchable branch, and the switchable branch is composed of a switchable electronic component.
  • the number of diodes in the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm can be adjusted according to actual needs, and is not limited to the two in this embodiment; the turn-off branch can also have at least two turn-off branches.
  • the electronic components are formed in parallel in the same direction.
  • the transfer branch in the new DC circuit breaker can also be connected in series with multiple sets of first electronic switches 4-2; the first electronic switches 4-2 can also adopt bridge transfer circuits of other structures, for example, by combining this embodiment
  • the diodes in the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm are replaced with a bridge transfer circuit obtained by semi-controlled electronic components.

Abstract

A novel direct current circuit breaker relating to the technical field of direct current power transmission. The novel direct current circuit breaker comprises a main branch and a transfer branch connected in parallel to the main branch, the main branch being composed of a first switch and a circuit breaker switch connected in series, a first electronic switch being arranged in the transfer branch, and a second electronic switch being connected in parallel to the circuit breaker switch, the second electronic switch being composed of at least one shut-off electronic component, and the conduction voltage drop of the second electronic switch being less than the single break arc voltage of the main branch. The present novel direct current circuit breaker can achieve reliable breaking even when there are too many power devices connected in series in the transfer branch and when the conduction voltage drop of the transfer branch exceeds the single break arc voltage of the main branch.

Description

一种新型直流断路器A new type of DC circuit breaker 技术领域Technical field
本实用新型涉及一种新型直流断路器，属于直流输电技术领域。The utility model relates to a new type of direct current circuit breaker, which belongs to the technical field of direct current transmission.
背景技术Background technique
公告号为CN103647248B，名称为“一种高压直流快速断路器”的发明专利文件，公开了一种如图1所示的高压直流快速断路器，包括机械隔离开关QS、高压电子开关(如虚线框内所示)和中低压直流断路器QK；其中，机械隔离开关QS与中低压直流断路器QK串联形成主支路，高压电子开关形成的转移支路与主支路并联。其中，高压电子开关由至少两个阀段串联构成，每个阀段由一个避雷器与至少一组串联的可关断大功率电子元件并联形成。可关断大功率电阻元件为IGBT、IECT或GTO。The publication number is CN103647248B, and the invention patent document named "a high-voltage DC fast circuit breaker" discloses a high-voltage DC fast circuit breaker as shown in Fig. 1, including a mechanical isolating switch QS and a high-voltage electronic switch (such as a dashed box Shown inside) and medium and low voltage DC circuit breaker QK; wherein, the mechanical isolating switch QS and the medium and low voltage DC circuit breaker QK are connected in series to form the main branch, and the transfer branch formed by the high voltage electronic switch is connected in parallel with the main branch. Among them, the high-voltage electronic switch is formed by at least two valve sections in series, and each valve section is formed by a lightning arrester and at least one set of series-connected shut-off high-power electronic components in parallel. The high-power resistance element that can be turned off is IGBT, IECT or GTO.
现有技术中主支路采用一个具有灭弧能力的中低压直流断路器，在该断路器分断时，主支路的电流依靠中低压直流断路器断口的电弧电压高于转移支路的导通压降完成转移，但在中高压领域，主支路的单断口电弧电压一般在20V左右，而转移支路的导通压降与转移支路中串联的功率器件个数成正比(单个功率器件导通压降约3V)，若多个功率器件串联，使转移支路的导通压降超过主支路的单断口电弧电压20V，则主支路的电流就不能可靠转移到转移支路，进而导致开断失败。In the prior art, the main branch adopts a medium and low voltage DC circuit breaker with arc extinguishing capability. When the circuit breaker is opened, the current of the main branch depends on the arc voltage of the medium and low voltage DC circuit breaker to be higher than the conduction of the transfer branch. The voltage drop completes the transfer, but in the medium and high voltage field, the single fracture arc voltage of the main branch is generally about 20V, and the conduction voltage drop of the transfer branch is proportional to the number of power devices in the transfer branch (single power device The conduction voltage drop is about 3V). If multiple power devices are connected in series to make the conduction voltage drop of the transfer branch exceed the single-break arc voltage of the main branch by 20V, the current of the main branch cannot be reliably transferred to the transfer branch. This leads to failure of breaking.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是提供一种新型直流断路器，用以解决现有直流断路器在转移支路中串联的功率器件数量过多的情况下，会因为转移支路的导通压降超过主支路的单断口电弧电压，无法实现可靠开断的问题。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a new type of DC circuit breaker, which is used to solve the problem that the current DC circuit breaker has too many power devices connected in series in the transfer branch, because the conduction voltage drop of the transfer branch exceeds the main The single-fracture arc voltage of the branch cannot realize the problem of reliable breaking.
为实现上述目的，本实用新型提供一种新型直流断路器，包括主支路以及与 主支路并联的转移支路，主支路由第一开关与断路器开关串联构成，转移支路中设置有第一电子开关，所述断路器开关并联有第二电子开关，所述第二电子开关由至少一个可关断电子元件构成，且第二电子开关的导通压降低于主支路的单断口电弧电压。In order to achieve the above objective, the present invention provides a new type of DC circuit breaker, including a main branch and a transfer branch connected in parallel with the main branch. The main branch is composed of a first switch and a circuit breaker switch in series, and the transfer branch is provided with A first electronic switch, the circuit breaker switch is connected in parallel with a second electronic switch, the second electronic switch is composed of at least one switchable electronic component, and the conduction voltage of the second electronic switch is lower than the single break of the main branch Arc voltage.
本实用新型的有益效果是：通过增加一个与断路器开关并联设置的第二电子开关，使得当直流线路发生短路故障时，主支路的电流先迅速转移至导通压降低于主支路的单断口电弧电压的第二电子开关，在断路器开关熄弧后，通过关断第二电子开关，使主支路的电流再转移到转移支路中，由第一电子开关分断短路电流，因此本实用新型的新型直流断路器在转移支路中串联的功率器件数量过多的情况下，即转移支路的导通压降超过主支路的单断口电弧电压的情况下，依然能够实现可靠开断。The beneficial effect of the utility model is that by adding a second electronic switch arranged in parallel with the circuit breaker switch, when a short circuit fault occurs in the DC line, the current of the main branch is quickly transferred to the one whose conduction voltage is lower than that of the main branch. The second electronic switch with single-break arc voltage, after the circuit breaker switch is extinguished, by turning off the second electronic switch, the current of the main branch is transferred to the transfer branch, and the short-circuit current is interrupted by the first electronic switch. The novel DC circuit breaker of the present invention can still achieve reliability under the condition that the number of power devices connected in series in the transfer branch is too large, that is, the conduction voltage drop of the transfer branch exceeds the single-break arc voltage of the main branch. Switch off.
为了使转移到转移支路中的电流能够被有效分断，作为对上述新型直流断路器的一种改进，所述第一电子开关由至少一个桥式转移电路构成，所述桥式转移电路具有并联的第一桥臂和第二桥臂，所述第一桥臂由两个二极管同向串联而成，所述第二桥臂由另外两个二极管同向串联而成；第一桥臂的两个二极管的串联点为所述桥式转移电路的输入/输出端，第二桥臂的两个二极管的串联点为所述桥式转移电路的输出/输入端；所述桥式转移电路还包括与所述第一桥臂、第二桥臂并联的可关断支路，所述可关断支路由至少一个可关断电子元件构成。In order to enable the current transferred to the transfer branch to be effectively broken, as an improvement to the above-mentioned novel DC circuit breaker, the first electronic switch is composed of at least one bridge transfer circuit, and the bridge transfer circuit has a parallel connection. The first bridge arm and the second bridge arm are formed by two diodes connected in series in the same direction, and the second bridge arm is formed by connecting two other diodes in series in the same direction; The series point of the two diodes is the input/output end of the bridge transfer circuit, and the series point of the two diodes of the second bridge arm is the output/input end of the bridge transfer circuit; the bridge transfer circuit further includes The switchable branch is connected in parallel with the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm, and the switchable branch is formed by at least one switchable electronic component.
为了使转移到转移支路中的电流能够被有效分断，作为对上述新型直流断路器的另一种改进，所述第一电子开关由至少一个阀段构成，每个阀段由一个避雷器与至少一组串联的可关断电子元件并联形成。In order to enable the current transferred to the transfer branch to be effectively interrupted, as another improvement to the above-mentioned novel DC circuit breaker, the first electronic switch is composed of at least one valve section, and each valve section is composed of a lightning arrester and at least A group of series-connected turn-off electronic components are formed in parallel.
为了提高主支路的耐电弧能力，作为对上述新型直流断路器的又一种改进，所述第一开关为具备耐电弧能力的开关。In order to improve the arc resistance of the main branch, as another improvement to the above-mentioned novel DC circuit breaker, the first switch is a switch with arc resistance.
为了提供一种具备耐电弧能力的开关，作为对上述新型直流断路器的再一种 改进，所述具备耐电弧能力的开关为真空断路器或SF6断路器。In order to provide a switch with arc resistance, as another improvement to the above-mentioned new type of DC circuit breaker, the switch with arc resistance is a vacuum circuit breaker or an SF6 circuit breaker.
为了提供可关断电子元件的实现形式，作为对上述新型直流断路器的进一步改进，所述可关断电子元件为IGBT、IECT或者GTO。In order to provide an implementation form of the switchable electronic component, as a further improvement to the above-mentioned novel DC circuit breaker, the switchable electronic component is an IGBT, IECT or GTO.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是现有技术中高压直流快速断路器的电路原理图；Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a high-voltage DC fast circuit breaker in the prior art;
图2是本实用新型实施例1中新型直流断路器的电路原理图；Figure 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of the novel DC circuit breaker in embodiment 1 of the utility model;
图3是本实用新型实施例2中新型直流断路器的电路原理图；Figure 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of the novel DC circuit breaker in the second embodiment of the utility model;
图中，1是第一开关，2是断路器开关，3是第二电子开关，4-1是第一电子开关，4-2是第一电子开关，5是避雷器，6是可关断电子元件。In the figure, 1 is the first switch, 2 is the circuit breaker switch, 3 is the second electronic switch, 4-1 is the first electronic switch, 4-2 is the first electronic switch, 5 is the lightning arrester, and 6 is the switch-off electronic element.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本实用新型的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及具体实施例对本实用新型进行进一步详细说明。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the utility model clearer, the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
新型直流断路器实施例1：New type DC circuit breaker embodiment 1:
结合图2，本实施例的新型直流断路器，包括主支路以及与主支路并联的转移支路，主支路由第一开关1与断路器开关2(即中低压直流断路器)串联构成，断路器开关2并联有第二电子开关3，第二电子开关3由两个可关断电子元件6反向串联构成，反向串联的两个可关断电子元件上还并联有避雷器，避雷器用于释放可关断电子元件上的过电压，可关断电子元件上若不存在过电压的问题，则也可以不并联避雷器；转移支路中设置有第一电子开关4-1，第一电子开关4-1由三个阀段串联构成，每个阀段由一个避雷器5与一组串联的可关断电子元件6并联形成，本实施例中由两个可关断电子元件6反向串联成一组。With reference to Figure 2, the new DC circuit breaker of this embodiment includes a main branch and a transfer branch connected in parallel with the main branch. The main branch is composed of a first switch 1 and a circuit breaker switch 2 (ie, medium and low voltage DC circuit breaker) in series. The circuit breaker switch 2 is connected in parallel with a second electronic switch 3, the second electronic switch 3 is composed of two switchable electronic components 6 in reverse series, and the two switchable electronic components in reverse series are also connected in parallel with a lightning arrester and a lightning arrester It is used to release the overvoltage on the switchable electronic component. If there is no overvoltage problem on the switchable electronic component, the lightning arrester may not be connected in parallel; the first electronic switch 4-1 is provided in the transfer branch. The electronic switch 4-1 is composed of three valve sections in series, and each valve section is formed by a lightning arrester 5 and a set of series-connected turn-off electronic components 6 in parallel. In this embodiment, two turn-off electronic components 6 are reversed. Concatenated into a group.
其中，中低压直流断路器为低于系统额定直流电压的、具有消除直流电弧能力的低压直流断路器，其断开电流的速度很快，这种设备可以直接选型购买，成本较低。Among them, the medium and low voltage DC circuit breaker is a low voltage DC circuit breaker that is lower than the rated DC voltage of the system and has the ability to eliminate DC arcs. Its breaking current is very fast. This kind of equipment can be directly selected and purchased with low cost.
本实施例中，可关断电子元件6为IGBT；作为其他实施方式，可关断电子元件6也可以是IECT或者GTO。In this embodiment, the turn-off electronic component 6 is an IGBT; as another embodiment, the turn-off electronic component 6 may also be an IECT or GTO.
本实施例中，第一开关1为真空断路器或SF6断路器等，此时第一开关1同时具有耐电弧能力；作为其他实施方式，第一开关1也可以采用现有技术中其他具有耐电弧能力的开关进行等效替换，例如空气介质触头灭弧栅片等。In this embodiment, the first switch 1 is a vacuum circuit breaker or an SF6 circuit breaker, etc. At this time, the first switch 1 also has an arc resistance capability; as other embodiments, the first switch 1 can also adopt other existing technologies with resistance to arcs. Switches with arc capability are equivalently replaced, such as air dielectric contacts and arc extinguishing grids.
本实施例中，第二电子开关3由两个可关断电子元件6反向串联构成，其导通压降低于主支路的单断口电弧电压，单断口电弧电压是指断路器开关2的断口电弧电压，作为其他实施方式，在保证第二电子开关3的导通压降低于主支路的单断口电弧电压的情况下，第二电子开关3可由一个可关断电子元件6构成；或者由至少两个可关断电子元件6同向并联构成；或者由至少两个阀段串联构成，每个阀段由两个可关断电子元件6反向串联构成。In this embodiment, the second electronic switch 3 is composed of two switchable electronic components 6 in reverse series, and its conduction voltage is lower than the single-break arc voltage of the main branch. The single-break arc voltage refers to the circuit breaker switch 2. Fracture arc voltage, as another embodiment, in the case of ensuring that the conduction voltage of the second electronic switch 3 is lower than the single-break arc voltage of the main branch, the second electronic switch 3 may be composed of a switchable electronic component 6; or It is composed of at least two switchable electronic components 6 in parallel in the same direction; or at least two valve segments are connected in series, and each valve segment is composed of two switchable electronic components 6 in reverse series.
作为其他实施方式，第一电子开关4-1还可由一个阀段构成或者由至少两个阀段串联构成，每个阀段由一个避雷器5与至少一组串联的可关断电子元件6并联形成，其中由两个可关断电子元件6反向串联成一组。As another embodiment, the first electronic switch 4-1 may also be composed of one valve section or at least two valve sections in series, and each valve section is formed by a lightning arrester 5 and at least one set of series-connected switchable electronic components 6 in parallel. , Wherein two switchable electronic components 6 are connected in reverse series to form a group.
本实施例的新型直流断路器工作原理如下：The working principle of the novel DC circuit breaker of this embodiment is as follows:
(1)新型直流断路器启动时，先关合断路器开关2，再关合第一开关1，使主支路导通。(1) When the new DC circuit breaker is started, first close the circuit breaker switch 2, and then close the first switch 1, so that the main branch is turned on.
(2)主支路正常导通情况下，主支路中的电流从第一开关1和断路器开关2中流过，第二电子开关3和转移支路中没有电流流过。(2) When the main branch is normally turned on, the current in the main branch flows through the first switch 1 and the breaker switch 2, and no current flows through the second electronic switch 3 and the transfer branch.
当发生短路故障需要分断短路电流时，新型直流断路器的分闸操作过程如下：控制器发出命令使第一开关1、断路器开关2分闸(具体可令第一开关1先分闸，断路器开关2后分闸；或者令第一开关1和断路器开关2同时分闸)，可同时控制第二电子开关3、第一电子开关4-1导通，断路器开关2断口之间产生电弧，电弧电压使主支路电流自动转移到第二电子开关3中，断路器开关2熄弧； 然后延迟设定时间后，控制器控制第二电子开关3关断，第二电子开关3产生过电压，使主支路电流转移到第一电子开关4-1中，此时主支路电流关断并产生隔离端口；然后，控制器再控制第一电子开关4-1关断，第一电子开关4-1关断后，剩余的能量由第一电子开关4-1中的避雷器吸收，从而完成短路电流的分断。When a short-circuit fault occurs and the short-circuit current needs to be interrupted, the opening operation process of the new DC circuit breaker is as follows: the controller sends a command to open the first switch 1, the circuit breaker switch 2 (specifically, the first switch 1 can be opened first, and the circuit is opened. After the switch 2 of the circuit breaker is opened; or the first switch 1 and the circuit breaker switch 2 are opened at the same time), the second electronic switch 3 and the first electronic switch 4-1 can be controlled to conduct at the same time. Arc, the arc voltage causes the main branch current to automatically transfer to the second electronic switch 3, and the circuit breaker switch 2 extinguishes the arc; then after a delay of the set time, the controller controls the second electronic switch 3 to turn off, and the second electronic switch 3 generates Overvoltage causes the current of the main branch to be transferred to the first electronic switch 4-1. At this time, the current of the main branch is turned off and an isolated port is generated; then, the controller controls the first electronic switch 4-1 to turn off. After the electronic switch 4-1 is turned off, the remaining energy is absorbed by the arrester in the first electronic switch 4-1, thereby completing the breaking of the short-circuit current.
上述分断短路电流过程中，之所以在延迟设定时间后再控制第二电子开关3关断，是为了确保主支路中的短路电流能够完全转移到第二电子开关3中，以提高短路电流分断的可靠性，其中设定时间的长短可以根据试验结果或者经验人为设置。In the above process of breaking the short-circuit current, the reason why the second electronic switch 3 is controlled to be turned off after the set time delay is to ensure that the short-circuit current in the main branch can be completely transferred to the second electronic switch 3 to increase the short-circuit current Breaking reliability, the length of the set time can be set artificially according to the test results or experience.
(3)为了防止新型直流断路器的分闸操作是对短路故障的误判导致的，新型直流断路器还具备快速重合闸功能，快速重合闸过程为：当新型直流断路器完成第一次短路电流分断后，若需要快速重合闸，则经过设定延迟时间(达到数毫秒级)后，再次关合第一电子开关4-1使转移支路导通，若系统中仍存在短路电流，则由第一电子开关4-1再次完成短路电流的分断；若系统中不存在短路电流，则再经过设定延迟时间后，按照次序依次关合断路器开关2和第一开关1。其中，快速重合闸过程中的设定延迟时间的长短可以根据试验结果或者经验人为设置。(3) In order to prevent the opening operation of the new DC circuit breaker from misjudgment of the short-circuit fault, the new DC circuit breaker also has a fast reclosing function. The fast reclosing process is: when the new DC circuit breaker completes the first short circuit After the current is interrupted, if fast reclosing is required, after the set delay time (up to several milliseconds), the first electronic switch 4-1 is closed again to turn on the transfer branch. If there is still a short-circuit current in the system, then The first electronic switch 4-1 completes the breaking of the short-circuit current again; if there is no short-circuit current in the system, after a set delay time, the circuit breaker switch 2 and the first switch 1 are closed in sequence. Among them, the length of the set delay time in the rapid reclosing process can be set artificially according to the test results or experience.
本实施例中，通过控制第二电子开关3中可关断电子元件的数量，使第二电子开关3的导通压降低于主支路的单断口电弧电压，使得当直流线路发生短路故障时，主支路电流能够先可靠转移至第二电子开关3，再转移到转移支路中被分断，保证本实用新型的新型直流断路器在转移支路的导通压降超过主支路的单断口电弧电压的情况下，依然能够实现可靠开断。作为其他实施方式，还可通过对第二电子开关3中可关断电子元件的型号进行选择，使第二电子开关3的导通压降低于主支路的单断口电弧电压。In this embodiment, by controlling the number of turn-off electronic components in the second electronic switch 3, the conduction voltage of the second electronic switch 3 is reduced to the single-break arc voltage of the main branch, so that when a short-circuit fault occurs in the DC line , The main branch current can be reliably transferred to the second electronic switch 3, and then transferred to the transfer branch to be broken, ensuring that the conduction voltage drop of the new DC circuit breaker in the transfer branch exceeds that of the main branch. In the case of fracture arc voltage, reliable breaking can still be achieved. As another embodiment, it is also possible to select the models of the electronic components that can be turned off in the second electronic switch 3 to reduce the conduction voltage of the second electronic switch 3 to the single-break arc voltage of the main branch.
新型直流断路器实施例2：New type DC circuit breaker embodiment 2:
结合图3，本实施例的新型直流断路器与实施例1的区别仅在于：转移支路 中设置有第一电子开关4-2，第一电子开关4-2由桥式转移电路构成，桥式转移电路具有并联的第一桥臂和第二桥臂，第一桥臂由两个二极管同向串联而成，第二桥臂由另外两个二极管同向串联而成；第一桥臂的两个二极管的串联点为桥式转移电路的输入/输出端，第二桥臂的两个二极管的串联点为桥式转移电路的输出/输入端；桥式转移电路还包括与第一桥臂、第二桥臂并联的可关断支路，可关断支路由一个可关断电子元件构成。With reference to Figure 3, the difference between the new DC circuit breaker of this embodiment and the embodiment 1 is only that: a first electronic switch 4-2 is provided in the transfer branch, and the first electronic switch 4-2 is composed of a bridge transfer circuit. The type transfer circuit has a first bridge arm and a second bridge arm connected in parallel. The first bridge arm is formed by two diodes connected in series in the same direction, and the second bridge arm is formed by two other diodes connected in series in the same direction; The series connection point of the two diodes is the input/output end of the bridge transfer circuit, and the series connection point of the two diodes of the second bridge arm is the output/input end of the bridge transfer circuit; the bridge transfer circuit also includes the connection with the first bridge arm , The second bridge arm is connected in parallel with a switchable branch, and the switchable branch is composed of a switchable electronic component.
作为其他实施方式，第一桥臂、第二桥臂中的二极管数量均可以根据实际需要进行调整，不限于本实施例中的两个；可关断支路还可以由至少两个可关断电子元件同向并联构成。As other embodiments, the number of diodes in the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm can be adjusted according to actual needs, and is not limited to the two in this embodiment; the turn-off branch can also have at least two turn-off branches. The electronic components are formed in parallel in the same direction.
作为其他实施方式，新型直流断路器中的转移支路上还可以串联多组第一电子开关4-2；第一电子开关4-2还可以采用其他结构的桥式转移电路，例如通过将本实施例中第一桥臂、第二桥臂中的二极管替换成半控型电子元件得到的桥式转移电路。As other embodiments, the transfer branch in the new DC circuit breaker can also be connected in series with multiple sets of first electronic switches 4-2; the first electronic switches 4-2 can also adopt bridge transfer circuits of other structures, for example, by combining this embodiment In the example, the diodes in the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm are replaced with a bridge transfer circuit obtained by semi-controlled electronic components.
本实施例的新型直流断路器在发生短路故障需要分断短路电流时的工作过程，以及快速重合闸过程均与实施例1类似，此处不再赘述。The working process of the novel DC circuit breaker of this embodiment when a short-circuit fault occurs and the short-circuit current needs to be broken, and the fast reclosing process are similar to those of the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
结合图2和图3可以看出：当第二电子开关3由一个可关断电子元件6构成或者由至少两个可关断电子元件6同向并联构成时，新型直流断路器具备单向开断电流的能力；当第二电子开关3由两个可关断电子元件6反向串联构成或者由至少两个阀段串联构成(每个阀段由两个可关断电子元件6反向串联构成)时，新型直流断路器具备双向开断电流的能力。Combining Figures 2 and 3, it can be seen that when the second electronic switch 3 is composed of one switchable electronic component 6 or at least two switchable electronic components 6 in parallel in the same direction, the new DC circuit breaker has a unidirectional switch The ability to cut off current; when the second electronic switch 3 is composed of two switch-off electronic components 6 in reverse series or at least two valve segments in series (each valve segment is composed of two switch-off electronic components 6 in reverse series When constituted), the new DC circuit breaker has the ability to break current in both directions.

Claims (6)

  1. 一种新型直流断路器，包括主支路以及与主支路并联的转移支路，主支路由第一开关与断路器开关串联构成，转移支路中设置有第一电子开关，其特征在于：所述断路器开关并联有第二电子开关，所述第二电子开关由至少一个可关断电子元件构成，且第二电子开关的导通压降低于主支路的单断口电弧电压。A new type of DC circuit breaker includes a main branch and a transfer branch connected in parallel with the main branch. The main branch is composed of a first switch and a circuit breaker switch in series. The transfer branch is provided with a first electronic switch, which is characterized by: The circuit breaker switch is connected in parallel with a second electronic switch, the second electronic switch is composed of at least one switchable electronic component, and the conduction voltage of the second electronic switch is lower than the single-break arc voltage of the main branch.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的新型直流断路器，其特征在于：所述第一电子开关由至少一个桥式转移电路构成，所述桥式转移电路具有并联的第一桥臂和第二桥臂，所述第一桥臂由两个二极管同向串联而成，所述第二桥臂由另外两个二极管同向串联而成；第一桥臂的两个二极管的串联点为所述桥式转移电路的输入/输出端，第二桥臂的两个二极管的串联点为所述桥式转移电路的输出/输入端；所述桥式转移电路还包括与所述第一桥臂、第二桥臂并联的可关断支路，所述可关断支路由至少一个可关断电子元件构成。The new type DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the first electronic switch is composed of at least one bridge transfer circuit, the bridge transfer circuit has a first bridge arm and a second bridge arm connected in parallel, The first bridge arm is formed by two diodes connected in series in the same direction, and the second bridge arm is formed by connecting two other diodes in series in the same direction; the series connection point of the two diodes of the first bridge arm is the bridge transfer The input/output end of the circuit, the series connection point of the two diodes of the second bridge arm is the output/input end of the bridge transfer circuit; the bridge transfer circuit also includes a connection with the first bridge arm and the second bridge A switch-off branch connected in parallel with the arms, and the switch-off branch is composed of at least one switch-off electronic component.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的新型直流断路器，其特征在于：所述第一电子开关由至少一个阀段构成，每个阀段由一个避雷器与至少一组串联的可关断电子元件并联形成。The novel DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the first electronic switch is composed of at least one valve section, and each valve section is formed by a lightning arrester and at least one set of series-connected switchable electronic components in parallel.
  4. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的新型直流断路器，其特征在于：所述第一开关为具备耐电弧能力的开关。The novel DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the first switch is a switch with arc resistance.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的新型直流断路器，其特征在于：所述具备耐电弧能力的开关为真空断路器或SF6断路器。The novel DC circuit breaker according to claim 4, wherein the switch with arc resistance is a vacuum circuit breaker or an SF6 circuit breaker.
  6. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的新型直流断路器，其特征在于：所述可关断电子元件为IGBT、IECT或者GTO。The new type DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the switchable electronic component is IGBT, IECT or GTO.
PCT/CN2019/093033 2019-03-21 2019-06-26 Novel direct current circuit breaker WO2020186652A1 (en)

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