CN111208009A - Method for testing stress distribution form of contact surface of key block of masonry beam - Google Patents

Method for testing stress distribution form of contact surface of key block of masonry beam Download PDF

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CN111208009A
CN111208009A CN202010039487.XA CN202010039487A CN111208009A CN 111208009 A CN111208009 A CN 111208009A CN 202010039487 A CN202010039487 A CN 202010039487A CN 111208009 A CN111208009 A CN 111208009A
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test piece
rock test
rock
key block
contact surface
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CN111208009B (en
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李竹
高瑞
冯国瑞
朱德福
张玉江
张纯旺
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration

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  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mining engineering roof rock stratum control; the invention provides a method for testing the stress distribution form of the contact surface of the key block of a masonry beam, which has the advantages that the research on the distribution form and the change rule of the extrusion stress of the contact surface of the rotary motion of the key block of the masonry beam is less, the stress state and the rule in the rotary motion process can not be accurately represented, the error exists in the stability calculation of the hinged block of the related masonry beam, and the accuracy of the theory applied to the field roof control is reduced, determining the height difference of two rock test pieces on the testing device through the rotation height, pressurizing the rock test pieces by the tester to simulate the load on the key block body of the masonry beam structure, rotating the rock test pieces, detecting the stress distribution form and rule by using the film stress tester and the displacement sensor, and the displacement of the rock test piece, accurately master the stress distribution form of the key block contact surface of the masonry beam and the evolution rule thereof, and improve the accuracy and the rationality of the working resistance of the coal face support.

Description

Method for testing stress distribution form of contact surface of key block of masonry beam
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mining engineering roof rock stratum control, in particular to a masonry beam key block contact surface stress distribution form testing method.
Background
The underground coal resource exploitation causes the breaking movement of the overlying rock stratum, and causes the mine pressure of the coal face to be displayed. The working face hydraulic support is used as a main carrier for controlling a roof of a stope, and the basis for ensuring safe and efficient mining of a mine is to scientifically, definitely and reasonably determine the working resistance of the hydraulic support. Along with the forward propulsion of the coal face, the stope roof rock stratum is broken, the key blocks are hinged with each other and rotate in the form of a masonry beam structure, and finally, a stable masonry beam structure is formed. Meanwhile, the dynamic rotary motion of the key blocks of the masonry beam structure forms a roof pressure process of the coal face. Therefore, the dynamic motion rule of the key blocks is mastered to determine reasonable working resistance of the support, and the method has important significance for scientifically controlling the stope roof.
However, at present, researches on distribution forms and change rules of contact surface extrusion stress of key blocks of masonry beam structures in the process of rotary motion are few, and meanwhile, a complete testing method cannot accurately represent stress states and change rules of the key blocks of the masonry beam structures in the process of rotary motion, so that errors exist in stability calculation of hinged blocks of related masonry beam structures, and the accuracy of theory applied to field roof control practice is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for testing the stress distribution form of the contact surface of a key block of a masonry beam, which is mainly used for analyzing the stress distribution form of the contact surface when the key block rotates.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a masonry beam key block contact surface stress distribution form testing method comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling and fixing a base, two transverse fixing plates and two vertical fixing plates of a testing device, and determining the rotation height S of a key block of a roof masonry beam structure of a coal face according to a formula (1) by combining the mining height of an actual coal face, the accumulated thickness of a direct roof rock stratum and the crushing expansion coefficient of the direct roof rock stratum; calculating and obtaining the height difference delta H of the two rotating shafts for placing the rock test piece according to the similarity ratio selected by the formula (2) and the simulation experiment, wherein the formula (1) and the formula (2) are as follows:
S =（M+Σh i ）-K p ×Σh i （1）
ΔH= S /ζ （2）
in the formula, S is the rotation height of a key block of a coal face roof masonry beam structure;Mthe mining height of the coal face is increased;K p the coefficient of crushing and expansion of the direct roof rock layer of the coal face; sigmah i Accumulating the thickness of the direct roof rock layer for coal mining work; zeta is the experimental similarity ratio; Δ H is the height difference of the two axes of rotation.
Step 2, adjusting the heights of the two rotating shafts at the inner sides of the two vertical fixing plates to meet the requirement of delta H calculated in the step 1, namely delta H = | H1-H2L, wherein H1Height of the rotating shaft where the first rock specimen is located, H2The height of a rotating shaft where a second rock test piece is located is determined, a testing device is placed on an electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine, the two rock test pieces are respectively placed on test piece supports of the two rotating shafts of the testing device, the first rock test piece is kept horizontal, the second rock test piece is placed in an inclined mode, one side of the bottom of the second rock test piece is placed on the test piece support, the other side of the bottom of the second rock test piece abuts against the lower end of the side face of the first rock test piece 1, the two rock test pieces are in contact, and the electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine is adjusted to enable a loading cross beam to move downwards to a position.
Step 3, adhering a film stress tester on any contact surface of the two rock test pieces through liquid glue, connecting the film stress tester with a computer, and detecting the stress distribution form and the change of the contact surface between the two rock test pieces by the film stress tester; the displacement sensor with the pull rope is fixed on the upper surface of the base, one end of the pull rope of the displacement sensor is connected to the bottom of the first rock test piece, the displacement sensor records the displacement of the first rock test piece in the rotation process in real time, the displacement sensor is connected with the computer, and the measurement data of the displacement sensor is transmitted to the computer.
Step 4, adjusting a loading beam of the electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine to move downwards until a rock test piece loading disc is contacted with a first rock test piece, pressurizing the first rock test piece through the rock test piece loading disc at the bottom of the loading beam, setting different loading pressure values through an electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine, and simulating the load size on a key block body of a masonry beam structure; under the action of pressure, the two rock test pieces rotate around a rotating shaft close to the two rock test pieces respectively, the stress distribution forms and changes of the contact surfaces of the two rock test pieces when the contact surfaces are pressed by the pressure are recorded in real time through the film stress tester, the displacement of the first rock test piece is recorded by the displacement sensor, and data measured by the film stress tester and the displacement sensor are transmitted to the computer to be stored and displayed.
Further, the rock test piece is a rectangular rock test piece which is cut into pieces, and the two rock test pieces are identical in shape.
Further, the top of the rock test piece is higher than that of the vertical fixing plate in the test process.
Furthermore, the revolving axle is fixed and is welded two test piece supports that support the rock test piece, and the test piece support includes hinge and angle steel, and the hinge welding is in the angle steel outside.
Furthermore, a plurality of clamping rings are arranged on the inner sides of the two vertical fixing plates at equal intervals along the vertical direction, and the clamping rings are divided into two rows at the vertical edges of the vertical fixing plates.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method can accurately master the stress distribution form and the evolution rule of the key block contact surface of the working surface roof masonry beam structure, and improve the accuracy and the rationality of the working resistance of the coal face support.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a first rock test piece, 2-a vertical fixing plate, 3-a clamping ring, 4-a rotating shaft, 5-a fixing plate limiting hole, 6-a transverse fixing plate, 7-a base, 8-a base limiting hole, 9-a positioning bolt, 10-a hinge, 11-an angle steel, 12-a film stress tester, 13-a stay rope displacement sensor, 14-a computer, 15-a second rock test piece, 16-a rock test piece loading disc, 17-a loading beam and 18-an electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a method for testing the stress distribution form of a critical block contact surface of a masonry beam comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling and fixing a base 7, two transverse fixing plates 6 and two vertical fixing plates 2 of a testing device, wherein the base 7 is placed on an electro-hydraulic servo universal tester 18, the two vertical fixing plates 2 are vertically and respectively placed on the two transverse fixing plates 6, the two vertical fixing plates 2 are parallel, and the two transverse fixing plates 6 are fixed on the upper surface of the base 7 through positioning bolts 9; determining the rotation height S of a key block of a roof masonry beam structure of the coal face according to a formula (1) by combining the actual coal face mining height, the accumulated thickness of the immediate roof rock stratum and the crushing expansion coefficient of the caving gangue of the immediate roof rock stratum; and then calculating and obtaining the height difference delta H of the two rock test pieces according to the similarity ratio selected by the formula (2) and a simulation experiment, wherein the formula (1) and the formula (2) are as follows:
S =（M+Σh i ）-K p ×Σh i （1）；
ΔH= S /ζ （2）；
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Mthe mining height of the coal face is increased;K p the crushing and expansion coefficient of the direct roof rock layer of the coal face; sigmah i Determining the parameters according to the actual working environment of the coal face for the accumulated thickness of the direct roof rock layer of the coal mining work; zeta is the experimental similarity ratio and is carried out according to the conditions of the actual coal faceThe proportion is reduced, scientific research is convenient to carry out, the same research object can have different similarity ratios which are usually 100, 150 and 200, namely the proportion of the experimental test environment to the actual working environment is 1:100, 1:150 and 1: 200; s is the rotation height of a key block of a coal face roof masonry beam structure; Δ H is the difference in height of the two rotary shafts 4 of the test unit.
Step 2, adjusting the heights of the two rotating shafts 4 at the inner sides of the two vertical fixing plates 2 to meet the requirement of the delta H calculated in the step 1, namely delta H = | H1-H2L, wherein: h1Height of the axis of rotation 4, H, at which the first rock specimen 1 is located2The height of a rotating shaft 4 where a second rock test piece 15 is located is determined, a plurality of clamping rings 3 are arranged on the inner sides of two vertical fixing plates 2 at equal intervals along the vertical direction, the clamping rings 3 are divided into two rows and fixed at the vertical edges of the vertical fixing plates 2, the height of the rotating shaft 4 is adjusted through the clamping rings 3 with different heights on the inner sides of the two vertical fixing plates 2, two test piece supports for supporting the rock test pieces are fixedly welded on each rotating shaft 4 and comprise hinges 10 and angle steel 11, the hinges 10 are welded on the outer sides of the angle steel 11, a testing device is placed on an electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine 18, the two rock test pieces are respectively placed on the test piece supports of the two rotating shafts 4 of the testing device, the two rock test pieces are rectangular rock test pieces which are cut, the two rock test pieces are identical in shape, the two rock test pieces are in contact, the second rock test piece 15 is obliquely arranged, namely one side of the bottom of the second rock test piece 15 is arranged on the test piece bracket, the other side of the bottom of the second rock test piece 15 abuts against the lower end of the side face of the first rock test piece 1, and the stress test of a contact surface is not influenced by the replacement positions of the two rock test pieces; and adjusting the electro-hydraulic servo universal tester 18 to enable the loading beam 17 to move downwards to a position 5-10 cm away from the top of the rock test piece and then stop moving downwards, and when the thin film stress tester 12 is fixedly adhered to the side surface of the rock test piece and is connected with the thin film stress tester 12 through a line, the reserved residual space with the height of 5-10 cm is utilized to facilitate operation, and the residual space can be properly increased or decreased according to actual conditions.
Step 3, adhering the film stress tester 12 on any contact surface of the two rock test pieces through liquid cement, wherein the fixed adhesion position of the film stress tester 12 is not limited, the contact surface fixed on the first rock test piece 1 or the second rock test piece 15 meets the requirements, connecting the film stress tester 12 with the computer 14, transmitting the detection data of the film stress tester 12 to the computer 14, and detecting the stress distribution form and the change of the contact surface between the two rock test pieces by the film stress tester 12; the displacement sensor 13 with the pull rope is fixed on the upper surface of the base 7, one end of the pull rope of the displacement sensor 13 is connected to the bottom of the first rock test piece 1, the displacement sensor 13 records the displacement of the first rock test piece 1 in the rotation process in real time, the displacement sensor 13 is connected with the computer 14, and the measurement data of the displacement sensor 13 is transmitted to the computer 14.
Step 4, adjusting a loading beam 17 of the electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine 18 to move downwards until a rock test piece loading disc 16 is contacted with a first rock test piece 1, pressurizing the first rock test piece 1 through the rock test piece loading disc 16 at the bottom of the loading beam 17, setting different loading pressure values through the electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine 18, and simulating the load size on a key block body of the masonry beam; in the pressurizing process, the top of the rock test piece is higher than the top of the vertical fixing plate 2, so that the problem that the stress change of the contact surface is inaccurate due to the fact that the vertical fixing plate 2 bears partial pressure when the rock test piece loading disc 16 pressurizes the rock test piece is solved; under the action of pressure, the rock test piece, a test piece support for supporting the rock test piece and a rotating shaft 4 can be used as a whole, the two rock test pieces are equivalent to two rock test pieces, the rotating shaft 4 for supporting the rock test piece is used as an axis respectively, after the two rock test pieces are subjected to pressure, the two rock test pieces rotate, the stress of the contact surfaces of the two rock test pieces changes in the rotating process, the stress distribution form and the change of the contact surfaces of the two rock test pieces when the contact surfaces are subjected to pressure extrusion are recorded in real time through a film stress tester 12, a displacement sensor 13 records the displacement of the first rock test piece 1 generated when the first rock test piece is pressed, data measured by the film stress tester 12 and the displacement sensor 13 are transmitted to a computer 14 to be stored and displayed, and the measured data.
The displacement sensor 13 used in the invention is of the model of ZHLS125-1M, and the film stress tester 12 is Tekscan I-Scan, and can also be of other models capable of realizing displacement and stress detection.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A masonry beam key block contact surface stress distribution form testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling and fixing a base (7), two transverse fixing plates (6) and two vertical fixing plates (2) of a testing device, determining the rotary height S of a key block of a roof masonry beam structure of a coal face and the height difference delta H of two rotary shafts (4) for placing a rock test piece by combining the mining height of an actual coal face, the accumulated thickness of a direct roof rock stratum and the crushing expansion coefficient of the direct roof rock stratum, and calculating the following steps:
S =（M+Σh i ）-K p ×Σh i
ΔH= S /ζ
in the formula, S is the rotation height of a key block of a coal face roof masonry beam structure;Mthe mining height of the coal face is increased;K p the coefficient of crushing and expansion of the direct roof rock layer of the coal face; sigmah i Accumulating the thickness of the direct roof rock layer for coal mining work; zeta is the experimental similarity ratio; delta H is the height difference of the two rotating shafts (4);
step 2, adjusting the heights of the two rotating shafts (4) at the inner sides of the two vertical fixing plates (2) to meet the requirement of delta H calculated in the step 1, namely delta H = | H1-H2L, wherein H1Is the height H of the rotating shaft (4) on which the first rock specimen (1) is located2The height of the rotating shaft (4) where the second rock test piece (15) is located is determined, and the test device is placed on an electro-hydraulic servo universal tester (18), and two test devices are arrangedThe rock test pieces are respectively placed on test piece supports of two rotating shafts (4) of the testing device, the first rock test piece (1) is kept horizontal, the second rock test piece (15) is obliquely placed, one side of the bottom of the second rock test piece (15) is placed on the test piece supports, the other side of the bottom of the second rock test piece (15) abuts against the lower end of the side face of the first rock test piece (1), the two rock test pieces are in contact, and the electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine (18) is adjusted to enable the loading cross beam (17) to move downwards to a position 5-10 cm away from the top of the rock;
step 3, adhering a film stress tester (12) on any contact surface of the two rock test pieces through liquid cement, connecting the film stress tester (12) with a computer (14), and detecting the stress distribution form and change of the contact surface between the two rock test pieces through the film stress tester (12); a displacement sensor (13) with a pull rope is fixed on the upper surface of the base (7), one end of the pull rope of the displacement sensor (13) is connected to the bottom of the first rock test piece (1), the displacement sensor (13) records the displacement of the first rock test piece (1) in the rotation process in real time, the displacement sensor (13) is connected with a computer (14), and the measurement data of the displacement sensor (13) is transmitted to the computer (14);
step 4, adjusting a loading cross beam (17) of the electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine (18) to move downwards until a rock test piece loading disc (16) is contacted with a first rock test piece (1), pressurizing the first rock test piece (1) through the rock test piece loading disc (16) at the bottom of the loading cross beam (17), setting different loading pressure values through the electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine (18), and simulating the load size on a key block body of a masonry beam structure; under the action of pressure, the two rock test pieces rotate by taking a rotating shaft (4) close to the rock test pieces as an axis respectively, the stress distribution forms and changes of the contact surfaces of the two rock test pieces when being pressed by the pressure are recorded in real time through a film stress tester (12), a displacement sensor (13) records the displacement of the first rock test piece (1), and data measured by the film stress tester (12) and the displacement sensor (13) are transmitted to a computer (14) to be stored and displayed.
2. The masonry beam key block contact surface stress distribution form testing method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the rock test piece is a rectangular rock test piece which is cut into pieces, and the two rock test pieces are identical in shape.
3. The masonry beam key block contact surface stress distribution form testing method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: during the test process, the top of the rock test piece is higher than that of the vertical fixing plate (2).
4. The masonry beam key block contact surface stress distribution form testing method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the rotary shaft (4) is fixedly welded with two test piece supports for supporting the rock test piece, each test piece support comprises a hinge (10) and an angle steel (11), and the hinge (10) is welded on the outer side of the angle steel (11).
5. The masonry beam key block contact surface stress distribution form testing method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: a plurality of clamping rings (3) are arranged on the inner sides of the two vertical fixing plates (2) at equal intervals along the vertical direction, and the clamping rings (3) are divided into two rows at the vertical edges of the vertical fixing plates (2).
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