CN114152729A - Dynamic overburden rock motion simulation device and method based on rock mass rotation - Google Patents
Dynamic overburden rock motion simulation device and method based on rock mass rotation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock rotation-based dynamic overburden motion simulation device and a rock rotation-based dynamic overburden motion simulation method, and belongs to the technical field of mining engineering analog simulation tests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering analog simulation tests, in particular to a dynamic overburden rock motion simulation device and method based on rock mass rotation.
Background
At present, in a device for simulating the law of the evolution of a unconsolidated formation and surface fractures caused by coal mining, the test unconsolidated soil body is subjected to movement deformation and fractures under the driving of translation, settlement or lifting of a surface movement deformation simulation test platform.
In the scheme, in the device for simulating the unconsolidated formation damage and the ground surface fracture evolution law caused by coal mining, the ground surface unconsolidated soil body can be driven to be damaged only by simple translation, sedimentation or lifting of the platform, the rotation, sedimentation and rotation movement laws of the working surface overlying rock key layer cannot be truly simulated, and the true change law of the ground surface fracture cannot be truly reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rock rotation-based dynamic overburden movement simulation device and method, and aims to solve the technical problem that influence factors and driving mechanisms aiming at dynamic ground crack self-repair of a coal mining subsidence area cannot be truly reflected in a device for simulating unconsolidated layer damage and ground surface crack evolution rules caused by coal mining in the prior art, so that the accuracy of a simulation result is low.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a dynamic overburden motion simulation device based on rock mass rotation, which comprises:
the visual frame system comprises a similar simulation test platform and a model box body arranged on the periphery of the similar simulation test platform, wherein the model box body is provided with a transparent plate;
the rock rotation simulation system is arranged on the similar simulation test platform and comprises a plurality of rock units and a force application unit connected between the bottom of the similar simulation test platform and each rock unit;
the rock-soil body contact surface simulation system is arranged on the rock block unit;
the loose layer analog simulation system is arranged on the rock-soil body contact surface analog system and is in contact with the rock-soil body contact surface analog system;
the real-time monitoring system is used for monitoring the unconsolidated formation analog simulation system, the rock-soil body contact surface simulation system and the analog simulation test platform; the force application unit is started to apply pressure in different directions to the rock units, and the adjacent rock units rotate and move in a staggered manner under the action of the pressure, so that the scene of overlying broken rocks in on-site coal mining is simulated; the real-time monitoring system obtains a monitoring result in real time, and obtains an analysis result of the internal stress of the unconsolidated formation, an analysis result of different result states and displacement paths before and after the overburden rotary motion and an analysis result of the width, the depth and the opening and closing rules of the surface cracks according to the monitoring result.
In some embodiments, the dynamic overburden motion simulation device based on rock mass rotation comprises:
the real-time monitoring system comprises a stress sensor pre-embedded in the unconsolidated formation simulation system, a three-dimensional laser scanner installed above the simulation test platform and a camera arranged right in front of the simulation test platform; the real-time monitoring system collects the detection data of the stress sensor, the three-dimensional laser scanner and the camera in real time, obtains the analysis result of the internal stress of the unconsolidated formation in the stoping process according to the detection data of the stress sensor, obtains the analysis results of different result states and displacement paths of the unconsolidated formation before and after the overburden rotary motion according to the detection data of the camera, and obtains the analysis results of the width, the depth and the opening and closing rules of the surface crack according to the detection result of the three-dimensional laser scanner.
In some embodiments, the dynamic overburden motion simulation device based on rock mass rotation comprises a force application unit and a control unit, wherein the force application unit comprises a telescopic component:
the telescopic component comprises an upper rotating shaft, a telescopic rod, a lower rotating shaft, a servo motor and a support; the upper rotating shaft is fixed on the rock block unit and hinged with the rock block unit; two ends of the telescopic rod are respectively connected with the upper rotating shaft and the upper part of the servo motor, and the lower part of the servo motor is connected with the lower rotating shaft; the lower rotating shaft is hinged to the support, and the support is mounted at the bottom of the similar simulation test platform.
In some embodiments, the dynamic overburden motion simulation device based on rock mass rotation comprises:
each the rock block unit all installs two the extensible parts, two extensible parts's mounted position is followed the central line symmetric distribution of rock block unit.
In some embodiments, the dynamic overburden motion simulation device based on rock mass rotation further includes a rotation shaft locking component:
the two ends of the lower rotating shaft are provided with first gears; a second gear is arranged inside the rotating shaft locking part; when the rotation shaft locking member is mounted, the first gear and the second gear are engaged with each other to prevent the rotation of the telescopic member.
In some embodiments, the dynamic overburden motion simulation device based on rock mass rotation comprises:
the rock-soil body contact surface simulation system comprises an abrasive cloth material, and the abrasive cloth material is laid on the surface of the rock block unit.
In some embodiments, the dynamic overburden motion simulation device based on rock mass rotation comprises:
the loose layer analog simulation system is formed by mixing organic glass particles with different particle sizes and a weak binder.
In some embodiments, the dynamic overburden motion simulation device based on rock mass rotation comprises:
the rock block unit is of a cuboid structure, and the edge of the cuboid structure is formed into a fillet structure.
In some embodiments, the dynamic overburden motion simulation device based on rock mass rotation comprises:
the simulation modeling test platform is made of rigid alloy materials, the model box body is of a cuboid structure, the baffle on the first direction of the model box body is a transparent organic glass plate, and the baffle on the second direction of the model box body is made of rigid alloy plates.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a dynamic overburden rock motion simulation method based on rock mass rotation, which comprises the following steps:
a. acquiring mechanical parameters and actual occurrence information of rock-soil layers, calculating load values borne by each overlying rock layer in the rock-soil layers layer by layer and calculating limit spans under the loads on the basis of a composite beam principle and a key layer theory, and acquiring the limit spans, motion modes and subsidence values of an upper key layer; determining each similarity constant of the simulation device by combining three similar theorems;
b. determining the loose layer similarity simulation parameters: determining the proportion of organic glass particles, water and a binder according to the mechanical test measurement result of the on-site unconsolidated layer soil by combining a geometric similarity constant and a physical similarity constant;
c. determining roughness parameters of contact surfaces of rock and soil bodies: determining the roughness of the abrasive cloth of the contact surface of the rock-soil body according to the lithology of the foundation rock layer and the loose layer of the contact surface of the rock-soil body;
d. building a similar simulation system: arranging abrasive cloth with certain roughness on the surface of a rock unit of a rock rotation simulation system of a similar simulation test platform, paving loose layer similar simulation materials on the upper part of the rock unit layer by layer, and impregnating each layer of material with different colors;
e. installing a real-time monitoring system: d, when a similar simulation system is built in the step d, installing a stress sensor at a preset position; a camera is arranged right in front of the analog simulation test platform; a three-dimensional laser scanner is arranged right above the similar simulation test platform;
f. and (3) rock rotation simulation: sequentially controlling the expansion device to control the rock mass units to rotate, sink and rotate, and simulating the overburden movement caused by coal mining; after the rock block unit moves to a fixed position, fixing the telescopic device by adopting a rotating shaft locking device so as to fix a overburden movement mode;
g. acquiring a monitoring result: monitoring the migration and crushing process of similar materials of the unconsolidated formation in the rock mass rotation process, collecting data obtained by a real-time monitoring system, and analyzing the internal stress of the unconsolidated formation in the extraction process according to stress sensor data obtained by a test; analyzing different result states and displacement paths of the unconsolidated formation before and after the overburden rotary motion by using an image gray processing method according to image data of a camera arranged right in front of the similar simulation test platform; and analyzing the width, the depth and the opening and closing rules of the crack on the surface of the model according to the image data of the three-dimensional laser scanner arranged right above the similar simulation test platform.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following technical effects:
the device comprises a visual frame system, a rock block rotation simulation system, a rock-soil body contact surface simulation system, a unconsolidated layer similarity simulation system and a real-time monitoring system, and can simulate the inoculation and self-repair rules of the dynamic ground cracks under the conditions of different unconsolidated layer thicknesses, unconsolidated layer mechanical properties, rock-soil body contact surface roughness, subsidence height of overburden steps, overburden rotation angle and the like, so that the influence factors and the driving mechanism for the dynamic ground crack self-repair of a coal mining subsidence area are truly reflected, and the accuracy and the reliability of a simulation result are improved.
Drawings
The objects and advantages of the present invention will be understood by the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic overburden motion simulation device based on rock mass rotation according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 2a and 2b are assembly views of a rock mass rotation simulation system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a rock mass rotation simulation system according to one embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a front view of a rock rotation simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 5a and 5b are assembly views of a rotation shaft locking device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a overburden motion simulation method based on rock mass rotation according to an embodiment of the invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are respectively:
the method comprises the following steps of 1-a visual frame system, 2-a unconsolidated formation similarity simulation system, 3-a real-time monitoring system, 4-a rock-soil body contact surface simulation system, 5-a rock block rotation simulation system, 6-a platform base, 7-a rotation locking device, 8-a support, 9-a lower rotating shaft, 10-a servo motor, 11-a telescopic component, 12-a rock block unit, 13-an upper rotating shaft and 14-a sand cloth material.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The embodiment provides a dynamic overburden motion simulation device based on rock mass rotation, which comprises a visual frame system 1, a rock mass rotation simulation system 5, a rock-soil body contact surface simulation system 4, a unconsolidated layer similarity simulation system 2 and a real-time monitoring system 3, as shown in fig. 1. The visual frame system 1 comprises a similar simulation test platform and a model box body arranged on the peripheral side of the similar simulation test platform, and the model box body is provided with a transparent plate. The rock mass rotation simulation system 5 is arranged on the similar simulation test platform, and combines with a figure 2a, a figure 2b to a figure 5, the rock mass rotation simulation system 5 comprises a plurality of rock mass units 12 and force application units connected to the bottom of the similar simulation test platform and each of the rock mass units 12. The rock-soil body contact surface simulation system 4 is arranged on the rock block unit 12; the unconsolidated formation simulation system 2 is arranged on the rock-soil body contact surface simulation system 4 and is in contact with the rock-soil body contact surface simulation system 4. The real-time monitoring system 3 is used for monitoring the unconsolidated formation simulation system 2, the rock-soil body contact surface simulation system 4 and the simulation test platform; the force application unit is started to apply pressures in different directions to the rock units 12, and the adjacent rock units 12 rotate and move in a staggered manner under the action of the pressures, so that the scene of overlying broken rocks in field coal mining is simulated; the real-time monitoring system 3 obtains a monitoring result in real time, and obtains an analysis result of the internal stress of the unconsolidated formation, an analysis result of different result states and displacement paths before and after the overburden rotary motion and an analysis result of the width, depth and opening and closing rules of the surface crack according to the monitoring result.
The scheme provided by the embodiment can simulate the inoculation and self-repairing rules of the dynamic ground cracks under the conditions of different loose layer thicknesses, loose layer mechanical properties, rock-soil body contact surface roughness, overlying rock step sinking height, overlying rock rotation angle and the like, so that the influence factors and the driving mechanism of the dynamic ground crack self-repairing in the coal mining subsidence area are truly reflected, and the accuracy and the reliability of a simulation result are improved.
In some embodiments, the simulation test platform is made of a rigid alloy material, the baffles in the first direction of the model box body are all transparent organic glass plates, and the baffles in the second direction of the model box body are made of a rigid alloy plate. The rigidity alloy material can ensure the safety and the stability of the whole platform in the device simulating overlying rock back-moving motion, the front and back directions of the box body are transparent plates, and the video acquisition components such as a camera can be conveniently and externally arranged to shoot and record the actual conditions in the box body.
In some embodiments, the real-time monitoring system 3 includes a stress sensor embedded in the unconsolidated formation simulation modeling system 2, a three-dimensional laser scanner installed above the simulation modeling platform, and a camera 32 (in the case of a transparent plate) arranged right in front of the simulation modeling platform; the real-time monitoring system collects the detection data of the stress sensor, the three-dimensional laser scanner 31 and the camera 32 in real time, obtains the analysis result of the internal stress of the unconsolidated layer in the stoping process according to the detection data of the stress sensor, obtains the analysis results of different result states and displacement paths of the unconsolidated layer before and after the overlying strata rotary motion according to the detection data of the camera 32, and obtains the analysis results of the width, the depth and the opening and closing rules of the surface crack according to the detection result of the three-dimensional laser scanner 31. In the concrete implementation, the loose layer similarity simulation system 2 is formed by mixing organic glass particles with different particle sizes and a weak binder. The stress sensor is embedded in loose layer particles in the laying process of the loose layer analog simulation system 2, and can monitor the change of the internal stress of the loose layer analog simulation system 2 in real time as a simulation result of the internal stress of the loose layer. The image data collected by the camera 32 (which can adopt a high-definition digital camera) arranged right in front of the analog simulation test platform is analyzed in different result states and displacement paths of the unconsolidated formation analog simulation system 2 before and after the rotation of the rock block unit 12 by using an image graying processing method, and the result is used as the analysis result of the different result states and displacement paths of the unconsolidated formation before and after the rotation of the overlying strata. And analyzing the width, the depth and the opening and closing rules of the crack on the surface of the model according to image data acquired by a three-dimensional laser scanner 31 arranged right above the similar simulation test platform to obtain the crack inoculation analysis result of the unconsolidated formation in the overburden rock rotation.
In some embodiments, as shown, the force application unit comprises a telescopic member comprising a support 8, a lower rotation shaft 9, a servo motor 10, a telescopic rod 11 and an upper rotation shaft 13; the upper rotating shaft 13 is fixed on the rock block unit 12 and hinged with the rock block unit 12; two ends of the telescopic rod 11 are respectively connected with the upper rotating shaft 13 and the upper part of the servo motor 10, and the lower part of the servo motor 10 is connected with the lower rotating shaft 9; the lower rotating shaft 9 is hinged to the support 8, and the support 8 is arranged at the bottom 6 of the similar simulation test platform. In a specific implementation, as shown in fig. 2a, two telescopic members are installed on each rock block unit 12, and the installation positions of the two telescopic members are symmetrically distributed along the center line of the rock block unit 12. When realizing, lower rotation shaft 9 can be rotatory round support 8, telescopic link 11 can be followed the direction of perpendicular to analog simulation test bed bottom 6 and promoted rock unit 12 from top to bottom, when different telescopic links 11 exert different power, on this basis, the sideline department of rock unit 12 is the fillet structure, make things convenient for rotatory dislocation between the adjacent rock unit 12 to cover the rock motion in the coal mining process with the mode of key layer piece body sinking, gyration, and then the broken rock is covered on the simulation on-the-spot coal mining.
Preferably, in the dynamic overburden motion simulation device based on rock mass rotation in some embodiments, the force application unit further comprises a rotating shaft locking part 7, and both ends of the lower rotating shaft 9 are equipped with first gears; a second gear is arranged inside the rotating shaft locking part 7; when the rotation shaft locking member 7 is mounted, the first gear and the second gear are engaged with each other to prevent the rotation of the telescopic member. That is, after the rock mass unit 12 moves to the fixed position, the telescoping device is fixed by the rotating shaft locking part 7, and in order to fix the overburden movement mode, only the rotating shaft locking part 7 needs to be installed at the moment, the inner gear and the outer gear are meshed with each other, and the telescoping part cannot rotate; when the rotation shaft locking member 7 is not installed, the telescopic member can be rotationally moved along the lower rotation shaft 9.
In some embodiments, the geotechnical body contact surface simulation system 4 includes an abrasive cloth material 14, the abrasive cloth material 14 being applied to the surface of the rock mass unit 12. The abrasive cloth material 14 has certain roughness and high ductility for the roughness and the horizontal effort size of simulation ground body contact surface, and can effectively prevent the loose layer sand soil from leaking down.
In the scheme, the loose layer similarity simulation system 2 is formed by mixing organic glass particles with different particle sizes and a weak binder, and the specific mixing proportion can be set according to the on-site actual condition to be simulated.
In the embodiment of the invention, a dynamic overburden rock motion simulation method based on rock mass rotation is also provided, as shown in fig. 6, the method comprises the following steps:
a. acquiring mechanical parameters and actual occurrence information of rock-soil layers, calculating load values borne by each overlying rock layer in the rock-soil layers layer by layer and calculating limit spans under the loads on the basis of a composite beam principle and a key layer theory, and acquiring the limit spans, motion modes and subsidence values of an upper key layer; and determining each similarity constant of the simulation device by combining three similar theories. In this step, the limit span can be calculated by the following formula:
where h is the thickness of the formation and RTObtaining the ultimate span, the motion mode and the subsidence value of the upper key layer according to the calculation process, wherein the ultimate span, the motion mode and the subsidence value are the tensile strength of the rock stratum, and q is the load borne by the rock stratum; determining each similarity constant by combining three similar theories, wherein the similarity constants comprise a geometric similarity constant alpha and a physical similarity constant, and alpha is LZ/LMWherein L isZThe extreme span of the upper key layer, LMThe width of a rock unit of a similar simulation platform.
b. Determining the loose layer similarity simulation parameters: according to the measurement result of the mechanical test of the on-site unconsolidated layer soil, the proportions of the organic glass particles, the water and the binder are determined by combining the geometric similarity constant and the physical similarity constant.
c. Determining roughness parameters of contact surfaces of rock and soil bodies: and determining the roughness of the abrasive cloth on the contact surface of the rock-soil body according to the lithology of the foundation rock layer and the loose layer on the contact surface of the rock-soil body.
d. Building a similar simulation system: the surface of a rock unit of the rock rotation simulation system of the simulation test platform is provided with abrasive cloth with certain roughness, loose-layer simulation materials are paved on the surface of the rock unit layer by layer, and each layer of the materials is impregnated with different colors. The different layer materials have different colors, so that the motion condition of each layer material can be observed conveniently.
e. Installing a real-time monitoring system: d, when a similar simulation system is built in the step d, installing a stress sensor at a preset position; a camera is arranged right in front of the analog simulation test platform; and a three-dimensional laser scanner is arranged right above the similar simulation test platform.
f. And (3) rock rotation simulation: sequentially controlling the expansion device to control the rock mass units to rotate, sink and rotate, and simulating the overburden movement caused by coal mining; and after the rock block unit moves to the fixed position, fixing the telescopic device by adopting a rotating shaft locking device so as to fix the overlying strata movement mode.
g. Acquiring a monitoring result: monitoring the migration and crushing process of similar materials of the unconsolidated formation in the rock mass rotation process, collecting data obtained by a real-time monitoring system, and analyzing the internal stress of the unconsolidated formation in the extraction process according to stress sensor data obtained by a test; analyzing different result states and displacement paths of the unconsolidated formation before and after the overburden rotary motion by using an image gray processing method according to image data of a camera arranged right in front of the similar simulation test platform; and analyzing the width, the depth and the opening and closing rules of the crack on the surface of the model according to the image data of the three-dimensional laser scanner arranged right above the similar simulation test platform.
The scheme can furthest simulate the influence rule of overburden motion (sinking and rotating of key layer blocks) on the damage of the unconsolidated formation and the evolution characteristics of the surface cracks in the coal mining process through reduction in a laboratory, is easy to visually monitor the migration damage conditions of the unconsolidated formation and the surface cracks under the influence of the overburden motion in real time, is convenient to research the inoculation and self-repairing rules of the dynamic surface cracks under the conditions of different unconsolidated formation thicknesses, the mechanical properties of the unconsolidated formation, the contact surface roughness of rock and soil bodies, the sinking height of overburden steps, the overburden rotation angle of the overburden and the like, reveals the dynamic surface crack self-repairing mechanism of the coal mining subsidence area, and provides scientific basis for ecological repair and treatment of the sand-accumulating mining area.
The scheme provided by the invention is applied to the analog simulation research, and the research mode is a very important means in the research of the field of modern mineral engineering. The method is an important scientific research means for simulating a substitute engineering field prototype based on three similar laws according to a certain geometric and physical relationship. The existing-stage coal mining simulation has many defects, the traditional simulation researches the migration rule of overlying strata by simulating coal seam excavation, the hinge action and the rotary motion among overlying strata blocks cannot be well simulated, the traditional simulation generally simplifies a loose layer into uniform load, and few people pay attention to the loose layer damage and the ground surface fracture evolution rule caused by the movement of a foundation stratum. The simulation device and the test method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprise a visual frame system, a rock mass rotation simulation system, a rock-soil body contact surface simulation system, a unconsolidated layer similarity simulation system and a real-time monitoring system. The rock block rotation simulation system is arranged at the bottom of the model frame, each rock block is controlled by two telescopic rods, and actions in the vertical direction or the rotating direction of different telescopic rods can be controlled by controlling servo motors on different telescopic rods, so that the rock blocks are driven to realize rotary sinking, step sinking, rotary motion and the like; the rotating shaft locking device locks the movement state of the rock block through fixing the telescopic rod to rotate. After the position of the rock block changes, the loose layer laid above the rock block may also move, finally cracks and the like appear, the relation between the change of the loose layer and the movement of the rock block can be determined by monitoring the change process of the rock block, and the movement mode of the rock block can correspond to the movement of the rock stratum in the coal mining process, so that the corresponding relation between the overburden movement and the surface cracks in the actual coal mining process can be obtained through the movement relation between the loose layer and the rock block obtained in the simulation test. And the material of the loose layer and the material of the rock mass can be correspondingly adjusted with the detected field condition in the actual mining environment. In the test method, the roughness of the rock-soil contact surface is simulated by paving an abrasive cloth material on the upper surface of a rock block; similar simulation materials are dyed in different colors, and simulation loose layers are laid in layers, so that the visual monitoring of the medium movement of the loose layers is realized. The device and the test method can simulate the inoculation and self-repair rules of the dynamic ground cracks under the conditions of different loose layer thicknesses, loose layer mechanical properties, rock-soil body contact surface roughness, overlying rock step sinking height, overlying rock rotation angle and the like.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a developments overburden motion analogue means based on rock mass gyration which characterized in that includes:
the visual frame system comprises a similar simulation test platform and a model box body arranged on the periphery of the similar simulation test platform, wherein the model box body is provided with a transparent plate;
the rock rotation simulation system is arranged on the similar simulation test platform and comprises a plurality of rock units and a force application unit connected between the bottom of the similar simulation test platform and each rock unit;
the rock-soil body contact surface simulation system is arranged on the rock block unit;
the loose layer analog simulation system is arranged on the rock-soil body contact surface analog system and is in contact with the rock-soil body contact surface analog system;
the real-time monitoring system is used for monitoring the unconsolidated formation analog simulation system, the rock-soil body contact surface simulation system and the analog simulation test platform; the force application unit is started to apply pressure in different directions to the rock units, and the adjacent rock units rotate and move in a staggered manner under the action of the pressure, so that the scene of overlying broken rocks in on-site coal mining is simulated; the real-time monitoring system obtains a monitoring result in real time, and obtains an analysis result of the internal stress of the unconsolidated formation, an analysis result of different result states and displacement paths before and after the overburden rotary motion and an analysis result of the width, the depth and the opening and closing rules of the surface cracks according to the monitoring result.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises:
the real-time monitoring system comprises a stress sensor pre-embedded in the unconsolidated formation simulation system, a three-dimensional laser scanner installed above the simulation test platform and a camera arranged right in front of the simulation test platform; the real-time monitoring system collects the detection data of the stress sensor, the three-dimensional laser scanner and the camera in real time, obtains the analysis result of the internal stress of the unconsolidated formation in the stoping process according to the detection data of the stress sensor, obtains the analysis results of different result states and displacement paths of the unconsolidated formation before and after the overburden rotary motion according to the detection data of the camera, and obtains the analysis results of the width, the depth and the opening and closing rules of the surface crack according to the detection result of the three-dimensional laser scanner.
3. The rock mass rotation-based dynamic overburden motion simulation apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said force application unit comprises a telescoping member:
the telescopic component comprises an upper rotating shaft, a telescopic rod, a lower rotating shaft, a servo motor and a support; the upper rotating shaft is fixed on the rock block unit and hinged with the rock block unit; two ends of the telescopic rod are respectively connected with the upper rotating shaft and the upper part of the servo motor, and the lower part of the servo motor is connected with the lower rotating shaft; the lower rotating shaft is hinged to the support, and the support is mounted at the bottom of the similar simulation test platform.
4. The rock mass rotation-based dynamic overburden motion simulation apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein:
each the rock block unit all installs two the extensible parts, two extensible parts's mounted position is followed the central line symmetric distribution of rock block unit.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the force unit further comprises a rotation shaft locking member:
the two ends of the lower rotating shaft are provided with first gears; a second gear is arranged inside the rotating shaft locking part; when the rotation shaft locking member is mounted, the first gear and the second gear are engaged with each other to prevent the rotation of the telescopic member.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises:
the rock-soil body contact surface simulation system comprises an abrasive cloth material, and the abrasive cloth material is laid on the surface of the rock block unit.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises:
the loose layer analog simulation system is formed by mixing organic glass particles with different particle sizes and a weak binder.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises:
the rock block unit is of a cuboid structure, and the edge of the cuboid structure is formed into a fillet structure.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises:
the simulation modeling test platform is made of rigid alloy materials, the model box body is of a cuboid structure, the baffle on the first direction of the model box body is a transparent organic glass plate, and the baffle on the second direction of the model box body is made of rigid alloy plates.
10. A dynamic overburden rock motion simulation method based on rock mass rotation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. acquiring mechanical parameters and actual occurrence information of rock-soil layers, calculating load values borne by each overlying rock layer in the rock-soil layers layer by layer and calculating limit spans under the loads on the basis of a composite beam principle and a key layer theory, and acquiring the limit spans, motion modes and subsidence values of an upper key layer; determining each similarity constant of the simulation device by combining three similar theorems;
b. determining the loose layer similarity simulation parameters: determining the proportion of organic glass particles, water and a binder according to the mechanical test measurement result of the on-site unconsolidated layer soil by combining a geometric similarity constant and a physical similarity constant;
c. determining roughness parameters of contact surfaces of rock and soil bodies: determining the roughness of the abrasive cloth of the contact surface of the rock-soil body according to the lithology of the foundation rock layer and the loose layer of the contact surface of the rock-soil body;
d. building a similar simulation system: arranging abrasive cloth with certain roughness on the surface of a rock unit of a rock rotation simulation system of a similar simulation test platform, paving loose layer similar simulation materials on the upper part of the rock unit layer by layer, and impregnating each layer of material with different colors;
e. installing a real-time monitoring system: d, when a similar simulation system is built in the step d, installing a stress sensor at a preset position; a camera is arranged right in front of the analog simulation test platform; a three-dimensional laser scanner is arranged right above the similar simulation test platform;
f. and (3) rock rotation simulation: sequentially controlling the expansion device to control the rock mass units to rotate, sink and rotate, and simulating the overburden movement caused by coal mining; after the rock block unit moves to a fixed position, fixing the telescopic device by adopting a rotating shaft locking device so as to fix a overburden movement mode;
g. acquiring a monitoring result: monitoring the migration and crushing process of similar materials of the unconsolidated formation in the rock mass rotation process, collecting data obtained by a real-time monitoring system, and analyzing the internal stress of the unconsolidated formation in the extraction process according to stress sensor data obtained by a test; analyzing different result states and displacement paths of the unconsolidated formation before and after the overburden rotary motion by using an image gray processing method according to image data of a camera arranged right in front of the similar simulation test platform; and analyzing the width, the depth and the opening and closing rules of the crack on the surface of the model according to the image data of the three-dimensional laser scanner arranged right above the similar simulation test platform.
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