CN111206020A - 一种间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法及应用,制备得到的重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒表面修饰有载脂蛋白apoA Ⅰ,能与小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞表面表达的清道夫受体结合,依靠非溶酶体途径将治疗基因高效递送入细胞中,显著提高细胞的基因修饰效率,且对细胞无明显毒性。该间充质干细胞凭借自身天然的肿瘤归巢能力靶向于肿瘤细胞,在肿瘤的微环境中持续分泌抑癌因子,起到诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种细胞的基因修饰方法及应用,尤其涉及间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法及应用。
背景技术
在肿瘤的靶向治疗中,依赖于EPR效应的被动靶向制剂如无靶头修饰的脂质体、胶束、微粒、磁性纳米粒等存在正常组织细胞毒性、靶向型低、难以到达肿瘤深部、易被网状内皮系统清除等缺点,极大的限制了抗肿瘤药物发挥疗效。而细胞载体因其良好运载能力和血液中长循环等特性引起了研究者的极大关注。间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)容易从机体中分离获得,可在体外培养扩增,能高效、安全地将抗肿瘤药物或治疗基因递送至释放炎症因子的肿瘤部位及其微转移灶。间充质干细胞作为肿瘤主动靶向型细胞载体,具有以下独特性质:1)肿瘤精确靶向性:间充质干细胞的炎症趋向性造就了其天然的肿瘤归巢能力,在体内外能够准确迁移至肿瘤部位,该机制牵涉到多种机制和细胞因子,因而与肿瘤被动靶向制剂相比,间充质干细胞具有更为优异的肿瘤靶向效率。2)低免疫原性:由于间充质干细胞的免疫豁免性,异体间充质干细胞在体内可以逃避机体免疫系统的清除,这一性质使得同种异体的间充质干细胞可以取代自身的干细胞用于肿瘤治疗。3)肿瘤渗透性:相较于红细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、NK细胞等其他细胞载体,间充质干细胞除了主动靶向肿瘤部位之外还能通过细胞间隙渗透到肿瘤深部,将药物递送到实体肿瘤深部,显著提高抗肿瘤药物的疗效。因此,间充质干细胞可作为理想的细胞载体应用于抗肿瘤药物的靶向递送。
间充质干细胞基因修饰的关键环节是选择合适的基因载体,将外源性基因导入靶细胞内,并使其稳定表达而较少产生副作用。目前对于间充质干细胞的基因重组多采用病毒载体,但病毒载体存在着较大的安全风险,如引起插入突变、免疫原性、局部感染以及造成肿瘤结节溃疡等。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的第一目的在于提供了一种间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法;
本发明的第二目的在于提供上述重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒修饰的间充质干细胞的构建方法制备得到的基因修饰间充质干细胞的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法,采用重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒转染间充质干细胞,得到所述治疗基因修饰的间充质干细胞;
其中,所述重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒以重组高密度脂蛋白为转染工具;
所述重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒为外壳包裹内核的结构,由磷脂、胆固醇、胆固醇酯和载脂蛋白组成所述外壳,由聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物/治疗基因复合物组成所述内核。
其中所述月桂酸即Lauric acid,简称LA,和月桂酸修饰的聚乙烯亚胺即polyethylenimine,简称PEI,聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物简称PEI-LA。
上述重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒由聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物、治疗基因、磷脂、胆固醇、胆固醇酯和apoAⅠ所组成。
其中,上述一种重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将月桂酸与聚乙烯亚胺单体按照摩尔比为1:(20~60)通过酰胺反应合成聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物;
(2)将步骤(1)所述的聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物与pDNA通过静电络合制备得到聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物/pDNA复合物,其中静电络合的氮原子与磷原子的摩尔数比为(1~15):1;
(3)将磷脂、胆固醇、胆固醇酯溶于二氯甲烷/乙醇混合溶剂中,干燥后加入步骤(2)中聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物/pDNA复合物,形成混悬液,0℃以下超声,过滤,加入apoAI溶液,搅拌孵育得到所述重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒。
进一步地,上述pDNA为Rb、LKB1、WT、NF-1、PTEN、BCA1、BCA2、APC、Axin、p53、肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体质粒、INK4基因家族的基因中的一种或几种。
上述肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体质粒即为pTRAIL。
进一步地,步骤(2)所述静电络合的氮原子与磷原子的摩尔数比为(9~12):1;步骤(3)中每5ml所述二氯甲烷/乙醇混合溶剂中含有质量比依次为10:(1~10):(1~10):(1~10):(0.002~0.01)的磷脂、胆固醇、胆固醇酯、apoA I溶液和pDNA,其中apoA I溶液浓度为1mg/ml;所述二氯甲烷/乙醇混合溶剂中,二氯甲烷:乙醇的体积比为2:5。
优选地,上述pDNA可存在于pDNA的浓度为2~6μg/ml的pDNA溶液中。
进一步地,上述静电络合步骤为:采用聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物即聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物分子中氮原子的摩尔数与pDNA分子中磷原子的摩尔数之比(N/P)作为参数构建二元复合物的制备工艺。由于1μg的pDNA分子中含有3.08nmol磷原子;聚乙烯亚胺单体即PEI单体(-CH2CH2NH-)分子量为43,其中每个单体含有一个氮原子,则1μg的PEI分子平均含23.25nmol氮原子;同时PEI分子中的伯胺基占支链骨架中总胺基的四分之一,因此氮磷比N/P由公式计算得出:
其中,vector表示阳离子载体的质量;DNA表示质粒DNA的质量;A表示聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物中月桂酸即LA的接枝率。将聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物和pDNA溶于纯水中,使用仪器为Spectra/MWCO=1000,各自配制成1mg/ml的水溶液。按公式计算得到N/P为1~15时聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物溶液与pDNA溶液的比例。量取上述聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物溶液与pDNA溶液在涡旋条件下混合,涡旋10s后,室温静置30min,即得各N/P的聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物/pDNA复合物。
优选地,步骤(3)所述干燥为37℃下减压旋转蒸发挥干有机溶剂;所述过滤为分别用孔径为0.45μm和0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤;所述微孔滤膜为水相系混合膜,不同孔径过滤可将纳米粒的粒径逐步减小且均一;其中减压旋转蒸发使用旋转蒸发仪ER52CS。
优选地,步骤(3)中,具体为将磷脂、胆固醇、胆固醇酯溶于5ml二氯甲烷/乙醇(2:5,V/V)混合溶剂中,干燥后加入1ml步骤(2)中聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物/pDNA复合物。
优选地,所述形成悬浊液为37℃下常压旋转水化30min至悬浊液。
进一步地,步骤(3)所述超声功率为120W,超声时间为15~20min。
进一步地,步骤(3)所述磷脂为大豆磷脂、大豆卵磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂、二肉豆蔻酰卵磷脂、二棕榈酰卵磷脂或二硬脂酰卵磷脂中的一种或几种。
优选地,步骤(3)中所述二氯甲烷/乙醇混合溶剂中,二氯甲烷:乙醇的体积比为2:5。
进一步地,步骤(3)所述搅拌孵育为在4~8℃搅拌孵育8~12h。
优选地,所述胆固醇酯为胆固醇与脂肪酸缩合成的胆固醇脂肪酸酯,如:胆固醇乙酸酯等。
优选地,载脂蛋白为鼠源载脂蛋白apoA Ⅰ或人源载脂蛋白apoA Ⅰ,其可与间充质干细胞表面SR-BI结合。
其中,apoA I提取步骤为:称取10g FIV沉淀,加入25ml PBS(pH 5.5)缓冲液,水浴超声10min充分溶解后加入8.3ml 25%乙醇继续溶解适当时间,12000rpm离心15min。弃去上清液,沉淀用25ml PBS(pH 6.6)缓冲液,水浴超声10min充分溶解后加入2.2ml 8%乙醇继续溶解适当时间,12000rpm离心15min。取上清液,加稀盐酸调节pH至5.5,加入6.25ml25%乙醇,适当时间后12000rpm离心15min。弃去上清液,留沉淀,沉淀用200μl Tris-HCl缓冲液水浴超声10min充分溶解后放在冰箱几个小时,将溶解好的含有蛋白的缓冲液滴入50ml无水乙醇脱脂12h。脱脂后,容器底部会出现白色絮凝状沉淀,即apoA I蛋白,12000rpm离心15min得湿apoA I蛋白沉淀。用玻璃棒将湿沉淀搅拌均匀,真空冷冻干燥机冻干得apoAI蛋白白色干燥粉末。
优选地,所述间充质干细胞为大鼠、小鼠或人的骨髓、脂肪或脐带间充质干细胞中的一种。
进一步地,所述采用重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒转染间充质干细胞为:将每105个间充质干细胞与每1ml重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒体外孵育6h后更换为完全培养基继续培养24~72h。
本发明还提供间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法制备得到的间充质干细胞在抗肿瘤靶向治疗中的应用。
本发明的原理在于:选择非病毒载体重组高密度脂蛋白,即reconstituted highdensity lipoprotein,rHDL作为转染工具,重组高密度脂蛋白由内源性分离或体外合成的apoA Ⅰ与磷脂、胆固醇等在体外重组形成,在生化特性和功能上与内源性HDL类似,具有明显的“仿生”特征。多项研究表明,重组高密度脂蛋白作为抗肿瘤药物载体,可与肿瘤细胞表面高表达的清道夫受体,即scavenger receptor class B type I,SR-BI特异性结合,从而显著提高抗肿瘤药物的递送靶向性和治疗作用。而间充质干细胞表面也表达SR-BI。
因此,重组高密度脂蛋白可作为间充质干细胞的基因修饰载体,具有以下优势:1)高度的安全性:重组高密度脂蛋白属于类内源性物质,可完全被生物降解而不引发免疫反应,转染时重组高密度脂蛋白对间充质干细胞毒性较低;重组高密度脂蛋白与间充质干细胞表面SR-BI的结合后可激活PI3K/Akt细胞信号转导通路,进而保持间充质干细胞活性并促进其增殖和迁移;2)良好的运载性:重组高密度脂蛋白的结构为球形,由一个非极性的脂质核,主要是胆固醇酯和少量甘油三酯以及外周包绕的一层极性的磷脂单层、游离胆固醇及载脂蛋白,主要为apoAⅠ组成亲脂核-亲水壳的结构,这种特殊结构使得重组高密度脂蛋白可采用核心包埋的方式载入治疗基因,即将阳离子脂质/基因复合物包埋于重组高密度脂蛋白非极性脂质核心内;3)高效的转染性:重组高密度脂蛋白表面的主要载脂蛋白apoAⅠ可与间充质干细胞表面表达的SR-BI特异性结合,显著提高了治疗基因运载的靶向性,同时也造就重组高密度脂蛋白具有特异性胞浆直接递药机制,即与SR-BI结合后,重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒经历核-壳分离过程而解体,采用核心包埋方式荷载的阳离子脂质/基因复合物经打开的SR-BI疏水性通道直接进入细胞浆,然后治疗基因经阳离子脂质介导递送入细胞核,从而避免基因在内涵体/溶酶体中被破坏,提高了间充质干细胞转染效率。
本发明采用月桂酸修饰的聚乙烯亚胺聚合物偶联物,即聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物,通过静电作用结合并有效压缩治疗基因,并利用其亲脂性将其有效整合入重组高密度脂蛋白的疏水核心,制备重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒:rHDL/PEI-LA/pDNA,该纳米粒通过重组高密度脂蛋白表面的载脂蛋白apoAⅠ在体外与间充质干细胞表面的SR-BI特异性结合后,经历核-壳分离过程而解体,位于重组高密度脂蛋白内核的PEI-LA/pDNA经打开的SR-BI疏水性通道直接进入细胞浆,然后基因药物经阳离子聚合物介导递送入细胞核,在间充质干细胞细胞核内进行转录、表达,形成稳定的基因重组间充质干细胞。
该载基因细胞载体能够凭借自身天然的肿瘤归巢能力靶向于肿瘤细胞,在肿瘤的微环境中持续分泌抑癌因子,起到诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的效果。
有益效果:1)本发明所采用的重组高密度脂蛋白可与间充质干细胞表面表达的SR-BI特异性结合,显著提高了治疗基因运载的靶向性;重组高密度脂蛋白采用核心包埋方式荷载的阳离子脂质/基因复合物,可经打开的SR-BI疏水性通道直接进入细胞浆,然后治疗基因经阳离子脂质介导递送入细胞核,从而避免治疗基因在内涵体/溶酶体中被破坏,显著提高间充质干细胞基因修饰效率。而目前常用的非病毒载体在转染间充质干细胞时,一般不具有靶向递送治疗基因的特点,且都会通过内吞途径先将治疗基因送入内涵体/溶酶体中而存在被破坏的风险,所以会大幅降低间充质干细胞的基因修饰效率。
2)本发明所采用的重组高密度脂蛋白是内源性HDL的仿生形式,在生化特性和功能上与其相似,可完全被生物降解而不引发免疫反应,转染时重组高密度脂蛋白对间充质干细胞毒性较低;重组高密度脂蛋白可与间充质干细胞表面SR-BI结合后激活细胞信号转导通路,进而保持间充质干细胞活性并促进其增殖和迁移。而目前常用的非病毒载体对间充质干细胞存在明显的细胞毒性。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物的核磁氢谱;
图2为实施例2中不同氮磷比(N/P)的聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物/pTRAIL复合物粒径图;
图3为实施例2中不同N/P比的聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物/pDNA电泳图;
图4为实施例3中重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒(rHDL/PEI-LA/pTRAIL)的动态光散射粒径分布图;
图5为实施例3中rHDL/PEI-LA/pTRAIL纳米粒即重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒的透射电镜图;
图6为实施例6中rHDL/PEI-LA/pTRAIL纳米粒即重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒的细胞毒性图;
图7为实施例7中重组高密度脂蛋白介导间充质干细胞基因修饰的激光共聚焦显微镜图;
图8为实施例8中重组高密度脂蛋白介导pTRAIL基因修饰的间充质干细胞对B16F10细胞的体外诱导凋亡情况图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例1
聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物的合成和表征
将月桂酸(LA)5.82mg和1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐16.66mg溶解于3ml二甲亚砜中,磁力搅拌15min后,加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺10.03mg,磁力搅拌下活化1.5h。再将50mg PEI 25kDa溶于2ml二甲亚砜中,并缓慢地滴加到月桂酸LA活化液中,搅拌反应24h后,用预冷乙醚沉淀反应液,3000rpm离心10分钟,收集离心管底部沉淀并溶于适量纯水中。随后将该溶液转移至切割分子量为3500Da的透析袋中,纯水透析24h(2L×3)后冷冻干燥。图1是聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物的核磁氢谱,可以看出,该图谱中同时含有PEI的特征峰(δ2.62~2.77ppm附近)、酰胺键的质子峰(δ3.15~3.36附近)以及LA分子中甲基(δ0.88ppm附近)、亚甲基(δ1.29ppm附近)和靠近羰基的亚甲基(δ1.51ppm附近)的特征峰,表明各投料比的聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物均被成功合成。根据PEI亚甲基积分面积与LA甲基积分面积的比值可以计算聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物的接枝率为3.94%。
实施例2
PEI-LA/pTRAIL复合物的构建及性质研究
1)PEI-LA/pTRAIL复合物的制备
采用聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物与pTRAIL间的氮磷比(N/P)作为参数,构建并筛选PEI-LA/pTRAIL复合物的制备工艺。N/P表示聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物中NH4+正电荷与pTRAIL中PO4 3-负电荷的摩尔比例,反映了聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物与pTRAIL的荷电基团间的比例关系,计算公式的推导过程如下:
已知1μg DNA分子中含有3.08nmol磷原子;PEI单体分子量为43(-CH2CH2NH-),每个单体含一个氮原子,则1μg PEI平均含23.25nmol氮原子,因此:
其中,vector为聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物的质量,A%为聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物中的接枝率,接枝率为0.8%。
N/P=(PEI-LA(μg)×23.25×(1-A%))/(DNA(μg)×3.08)=7.61×(PEI-LA(μg))/DNA(μg)
精密称取各投料比的聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物配制成一定浓度的纯水(Spectra/MWCO=1000)溶液,精密称取pTRAIL配制成一定浓度的纯水溶液。按不同N/P精密量取上述聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物溶液与pTRAIL溶液混合,用纯水定容总体积,涡旋30s,静置30min,即得各N/P的PEI-LA/pTRAIL复合物溶液。
2)PEI-LA/pTRAIL复合物粒径的测定
制备N/P为1~15的复合物溶液,用动态光散射(DLS)法测定其粒径,结果如图2所示,随着N/P的不断增大,粒径逐渐减小,最终稳定在150nm左右,并且在N/P为10时粒径最小,为137.4±4.1nm。
3)PEI-LA/pTRAIL复合物凝胶电泳阻滞定性分析
称取0.6g琼脂糖溶于100ml TBE(0.5×Tris-Boric acid-EDTA)电泳缓冲液中,加热溶解,稍冷却后再加热至沸腾,如此3次,待稍冷后加入5μl Goldview染色剂并混匀。将电泳胶膜放入电泳槽,固定梳子。将冷却至接近室温的琼脂糖溶液慢慢倒在胶膜上,厚度约0.7cm,室温静置4h。电泳胶凝固后,拔出梳子。制备N/P比为1~15的PEI-LA/pTRAIL复合物溶液(含2μg pTRAIL),并配制相同浓度的pTRAIL溶液作为对照,纯水定容至25μl,每份样品加入5μl溴酚蓝上样缓冲液混匀,复吸取混合溶液25μl至凝胶上样孔中。电场电压90V,电泳时间45min,结束后取出凝胶,于凝胶成像系统下拍照,结果如图3显示,与裸pTRAIL条带对照,N/P小于5时,在对应条带处仍有荧光,表示聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物此时无法完全包裹pTRAIL;N/P大于等于5时,对应条带和上样孔处无荧光,表示聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物此时已可将pTRAIL完全包裹。
实施例3
重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒,即rHDL/PEI-LA/pTRAIL纳米粒的制备及性质研究
处方组成:
磷脂10mg
胆固醇2mg
胆固醇酯1mg
pDNA 4μg
聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物5.36μg
apoA I 2mg
二氯甲烷/乙醇混合溶剂中,二氯甲烷:乙醇的体积比2:5,总体积为5ml
水合介质pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液(1ml)
称取磷脂10mg,胆固醇2mg,以及胆固醇酯1mg于100mL圆底烧瓶中,向其中加入5ml二氯甲烷:乙醇(2:5,V:V)的混合有机溶剂充分溶解脂质成分,随后在37℃水浴下减压旋蒸,使得脂质在瓶底形成均匀油膜,在真空干燥器中干燥6h。随后加入含4μg pTRAIL的PEI-LA/pTRAIL复合物的PBS溶液1ml与上述脂膜37℃下水化30min,得脂核混悬液,接着将样品在冰水浴下以120W的功率经探头超声分散20min后,分别在孔径为0.45μm和0.22μm微孔滤膜(水膜)下过滤,再加入2ml的1mg/ml apoA Ⅰ的磷酸缓冲盐溶液,将体系置于4℃,300rpm磁力搅拌孵育8h,即得重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒。使用激光粒度仪测定该纳米粒的平均粒径,如图4所示,约为170.7±5.4nm。透射电镜观察结果如图5所示,其形态为具有明显壳核结构的类球形,粒径分布均一,约为150nm左右。
实施例4
静电络合实验中氮磷比对重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒品质的影响
将各投料比的聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物偶联物和pDNA溶于纯水中,各自配制成1mg/ml的水溶液。按公式计算得到不同N/P时阳离子聚合物偶联物与pDNA的配比如表所示。按表量取上述聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物溶液与pDNA溶液在涡旋条件下混合,继续涡旋10s后,室温静置30min,即得各投料比的情况下各N/P的PEI-LA/pDNA复合物,各比例如表1所示。
表1
采用凝胶电泳阻滞实验(SDS PAGE)考察各投料比的聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物偶联物对pDNA的包裹效率、PEI-LA/pDNA复合物的体外肝素稳定性、核酸酶稳定性。实验结果显示,各投料比的聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物均能一定程度包裹pDNA,当N/P比9时能完全包裹pDNA,保护pDNA不被降解;N/P为10的二元复合物在较低浓度肝素溶液中能够很好保护pDNA不被解离出来,当肝素浓度升高后,pDNA能够从PEI-LA/pDNA复合物中释放,有利于治疗基因的入核表达。对各PEI-LA/pDNA复合物进行粒径和zeta电势的测定,随着N/P增加,PEI-LA/pDNA复合物的zeta电势逐渐升高,当N/P大于6时,PEI-LA/pDNA复合物由负电翻转为正电,最终PEI-LA/pDNA复合物的zeta电势维持在+30mV左右,有利于后续制备的重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒具有良好的稳定性;当N/P为7~12时粒径分布为100~200nm;有利于后续制备的重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒拥有较小的粒径,以便细胞能有效地内吞摄取纳米粒。综合各实验结果,N/P为9~12为较优的范围。
实施例5
磷脂、胆固醇、胆固醇酯、apoA I溶液和pDNA质量比对重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒品质的影响,按照表2中列出的比例制备:
表2
实验表明:当磷脂、胆固醇、胆固醇酯、apoA I溶液和pDNA质量比依次为10:(1~10):(1~10):(1~10):(0.002~0.01)时,均能制得粒径分布均一稳定的重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒,各组纳米粒粒径分布为100~200nm,纳米粒溶液均呈无色均一澄清状,带有淡蓝色乳光。
实施例6
rHDL/PEI-LA/pTRAIL纳米粒对间充质干细胞的细胞毒性实验
取生长状态良好且处于对数生长期的骨髓间充质干细胞(5代以内),用0.25%的胰蛋白酶消化,并吹打成单细胞悬液。将细胞浓度调整为5×104个/ml,每孔200μl接种于96孔板中,设两组(每组5复孔)。将细胞板放入37℃、5%CO2的细胞培养箱中培养过夜,使其贴壁。弃去培养基,每组分别加入含不同浓度PEI-LA/pTRAIL和rHDL/PEI-LA/pTRAIL的转染培养基,继续培养6h后,更换成新鲜的完全培养基,继续培养48h后,每孔加入5mg/ml的MTT溶液20μl,于37℃、5%CO2的细胞培养箱中孵育4h。弃去上清液,每孔加入150μl的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶液,震荡30s,用酶联免疫测定仪于570nm测定各孔的吸光度值,计算细胞存活率,计算公式如下:
细胞存活率=(ASample-APBS)/Acontrol×100%
其中ASample代表该复合物处理后的细胞组的吸光度;APBS代表PBS溶液的吸光度;Acontrol代表未经制剂处理的细胞组的吸光度。
结果如图6所示,在pTRAIL浓度为2~10μg/ml的范围内给药后,rHDL/PEI-LA/pTRAIL纳米粒的细胞存活率均在80%以上,在说明载体安全的同时,也说明了pTRAIL蛋白对间充质干细胞无明显毒性,有利于间充质干细胞的体外转染;而PEI-LA/pTRAIL复合物组随着质粒浓度的升高,细胞毒性有小幅增大,可能是由于聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物所带的正电荷对间充质干细胞仍存在一定损伤效果。其中105个间充质干细胞与1ml重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒体外孵育6h。实验结果显示pTRAIL浓度范围在2~6μg/ml更优。
同时,经过试验,pDNA为Rb、LKB1、WT、NF-1、PTEN、BCA1、BCA2、APC、Axin、p53及INK4基因家族的基因时,均同样可以达到上述效果。
实施例7
重组高密度脂蛋白介导间充质干细胞基因修饰的细胞转染实验
取生长状态良好且处于对数生长期的间充质干细胞(5代以内),0.25%的胰蛋白酶消化,并吹打成单细胞悬液。将细胞浓度调整为1×105个/孔接种于6孔板中,将细胞板放入37℃、5%CO2的细胞培养箱中培养过夜,使其贴壁。弃去培养基,再加入1ml无血清培养基稀释的载增强绿色荧光蛋白质粒(pEGFP-C3)(4μg/ml)的PEI-LA/pEGFP-C3、rHDL/PEI-LA/pEGFP-C3,继续培养6h后,再换成含10%血清的培养基培养48h后,置于激光共聚焦显微镜下观察。为验证重组高密度脂蛋白的摄取机制,将转染前的间充质干细胞与apoAⅠ的无血清DMEM-F12培养基溶液(终浓度1mg/ml)在37℃预饱和2h,经PBS洗涤后,再按上述方法考察此时rHDL/PEI-LA/pEGFP-C3纳米粒的转染情况。结果如图7所示,PEI-LA/pEGFP-C3、rHDL/PEI-LA/pEGFP-C3均能成功地转染间充质干细胞,使之表达绿色荧光蛋白,其中rHDL/PEI-LA/pEGFP-C3对细胞的转染效率明显高于PEI-LA/pEGFP-C3组和apoAⅠ竞争性饱和的rHDL/PEI-LA/pEGFP-C3纳米粒组,进一步说明重组高密度脂蛋白对于间充质干细胞具有低细胞毒性及高转染效率的优势。
同时,经过试验,pDNA为Rb、LKB1、WT、NF-1、PTEN、BCA1、BCA2、APC、Axin、p53及INK4基因家族的基因时,均同样可以达到上述效果。
实施例8
重组高密度脂蛋白介导pTRAIL基因修饰的间充质干细胞(MSCs)对B16F10细胞的体外诱导凋亡实验
将间充质干细胞用实施例7中所述转染方法制备不同制剂转染的MSCs-TRAIL,并分别以4×104个/孔的浓度接种于孔径0.4μm的TRANSWELL小室中,同时在小室下层接种2×104个/孔的B16F10细胞,利用Annexin-FITC凋亡检测试剂盒测定各间充质干细胞组给药5天的体外诱导凋亡效果。选取包载非治疗基因pDNA制备的rHDL/PEI-LA/pDNA纳米粒组转染的MSCs-pDNA组进行对照。Annexin-FITC凋亡检测试剂盒使用的具体步骤为:将给药后5天的B16F10细胞经PBS洗涤三次后,用0.25%的胰酶消化至易拍打散落,加入完全培养基中和后,以1000g离心5min,弃上清,用PBS重悬同时对细胞进行计数。随后,取1×105个重悬细胞,1000g离心5min,弃上清,加入500μl结合液轻轻重悬,加入5μl Annexin V-FITC,混匀后再加入5μl PI并混匀;室温下避光孵育10min后进行流式细胞仪检测。结果如图8所示,其中MSCs-TRAIL(rHDL)组诱导B16F10细胞的凋亡比例约为(22.54±4.65)%,而MSCs-TRAIL(PEI-LA)组仅为(11.14±2.83)%。这可能是由于聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物在转染过程中对间充质干细胞造成了损伤,从而导致转染效率和抗肿瘤效果的下降,而重组高密度脂蛋白仿生型纳米基因载体由于高度的安全性和转染效率,在实现了高效转染的同时,也保证了TRAIL基因重组的间充质干细胞的疗效,表现为明显的诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的效果。
同时,经过试验,pDNA为Rb、LKB1、WT、NF-1、PTEN、BCA1、BCA2、APC、Axin、p53及INK4基因家族的基因时,均同样可以达到上述效果。
Claims (10)
1.一种间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法,其特征在于:采用重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒转染间充质干细胞,得到所述治疗基因修饰的间充质干细胞。
2.根据权利要求1所述的间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法,其特征在于:所述重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒以重组高密度脂蛋白为转染工具。
3.根据权利要求1所述的间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法,其特征在于:所述重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒为外壳包裹内核的结构,由磷脂、胆固醇、胆固醇酯和载脂蛋白组成所述外壳,由聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物/治疗基因复合物组成所述内核。
4.根据权利要求3所述的间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法,其特征在于:所述载脂蛋白为与间充质干细胞表面清道夫受体结合的鼠源载脂蛋白apoA Ⅰ或人源载脂蛋白apoA Ⅰ。
5.根据权利要求1所述的间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法,其特征在于:所述一种重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将月桂酸与聚乙烯亚胺单体的按照摩尔比为1:(20~60)通过酰胺反应合成聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物;
(2)将步骤(1)所述的聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物与pDNA通过静电络合制备得到聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物/pDNA复合物,其中静电络合的氮原子与磷原子的摩尔数比为(1~15):1;
(3)将磷脂、胆固醇、胆固醇酯溶于二氯甲烷/乙醇混合溶剂中,干燥后加入步骤(2)中聚乙烯亚胺-月桂酸聚合物偶联物/pDNA复合物,形成混悬液,0℃以下超声,过滤,加入apoAI溶液,搅拌孵育得到所述重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒。
6.根据权利要求5所述的间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述静电络合的氮原子与磷原子的摩尔数比为(9~12):1;步骤(3)中每5ml所述二氯甲烷/乙醇混合溶剂中含有质量比依次为10:(1~10):(1~10):(1~10):(0.002~0.01)的磷脂、胆固醇、胆固醇酯、apoA I溶液和pDNA,其中apoA I溶液中apoA I的浓度为1mg/ml;所述二氯甲烷/乙醇混合溶剂中,二氯甲烷:乙醇的体积比为2:5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法,其特征在于:所述间充质干细胞为大鼠、小鼠或人的骨髓、脂肪或脐带间充质干细胞中的一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法,其特征在于,所述采用重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒转染间充质干细胞为:将每105个间充质干细胞与每1ml重组高密度脂蛋白载基因纳米粒体外孵育6h后更换为完全培养基继续培养24~72h。
9.权利要求1所述的间充质干细胞的基因修饰方法制备得到的基因修饰间充质干细胞。
10.权利要求9所述的基因修饰间充质干细胞在抗肿瘤靶向治疗中的应用。
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