CN1111990C - 使用基于信道特征的自适应编码的发射机方法和发射系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
发射机(100)接收拟通过一个通信信道(101)发射给一个接收机(200)的信息。一个循环冗余校验(CRC)编码电路(106)利用为差错检测目的的CRC码编码该信息。该CRC编码的信息提供给一个代码开关(108)。该代码开关(108)提供该CRC编码的信息给第一代码电路(110)或第二代码电路(112)的任一个代码电路进行前向纠错(FEC)编码。第一代码电路(110)例如可以使用FEC码1例如卷积编码,编码该信息,而第二代码电路(112)可以使用FEC码2例如重复编码编码该信息。代码开关(108)根据检测到的信道(101)的特征选择第一或第二代码电路(110或112)之一。该信道特征可以从信道估计电路(114)得到,可以从来自接收机(200)的差错反馈信号I3得到或可以从二者的组合得到。在代码开关(108)选择第一或第二代码电路(110或112)之后,该信息被适当编码以便产生一个由发射电路(116)通过信道(101)发射的编码的信号。
Description
本发明涉及通过可以具有关于时间改变的特征的信道发射编码信号的发射机和方法,并且特别涉及发射机,发射系统和方法,其中充分连续地检测信道特征,基于该些特征选择一种编码技术并且以选择的编码技术对信号编码。
在目前的通信系统中,在系统的始发端(例如发射机)处理信息并且将信息变换为电信号。接着通过通信信道发射信号到系统的接收端(例如接收机)。接着该接收机处理该电信号并且将该信号变换回信息。大量的因素影响通信处理的速度,效率和可靠性。一个重要的因素是通信信道是否关于时间改变。如果发射机,接收机或两者都移动,则信道的特征特别易于改变。
在致力于减少由信道特征的改变引起的差错的过程中,电信号经常利用特殊的差错检测和校正信息编码。一个公知的差错检测技术的例子是循环冗余校验(CRC)码的使用。两个公知的差错校正(经常叫做前向纠错,或FEC)技术的例子是卷积码和重复码。大量的其他编码技术也是本领域公知的。为了便于描述和清楚,本发明将只使用CRC编码和FEC码技术描述。但是,本领域的技术人员将容易理解,在本发明中可以有利地采用任何公知的编码技术。
每种编码技术的性能水平取决于信道的特征。换句话说,一些编码技术在有噪声信道上执行得好,而其他技术在无噪声信道上执行得好。如上所述,遗憾地是,信道的特征可以关于时间改变,特别是在移动通信等等方面。已有的发射机在信息传输期间执行单一的预定编码技术。因此这些已有的发射机不能适应这些变化的信道特征,并且因此,其性能可能比最佳的、或所需的性能差一些。
相应地,在本领域需要用于发射信息的发射机、发射方法和系统,它检测信道的特征,基于检测到的信道特征选择适当的编码技术,使用选择的编码技术对信息编码并且发射编码的信息。
这种需要由根据本发明的发射机,发射系统和方法满足,其中监视信道的特征,其中基于监视的特征选择编码技术并且其中基于选择的编码技术对信息编码。
根据本发明的一个方面,发射机在源接口接收拟通过信道发射的信息。一个编码选择电路检测,或监视可能变化的信道的诸如噪声,干扰量等的特征。根据这些检测到的特征,编码选择电路选择适当的用于编码该信息的代码和相应地编码该信息。接着通过信道发射结果产生的编码信息。
代码选择电路可以具有第一和第二代码电路,用于分别或者以第一或者以第二代码编码信息。接着代码开关根据信道的特征选择一个代码电路。可以采用的两种示例性的编码是卷积码和重复码。另外,可以由循环冗余校验电路在发射前的信息上执行差错检测编码,例如循环冗余校验。为检测信道特征,信道估计电路可以估计信道的变化特征和/或表示可以从一个预期的接收机接收到的信道特征的反馈。
根据本发明的另一个方面,公开一种方法,用于通过信道发射编码的信号。该方法包括步骤:接收信息;检测信道的特征;根据确定的信道特征选择第一编码和第二编码之一;使用选择的第一和第二编码之一对信息信号编码以便产生编码的信号;和通过该信道发射该编码的信号。
在本发明的又另一方面,发射系统通过信道发射编码的信号,该信道可以具有关于时间改变的特征。发射机接收通过信道发射的信息。检测该信道的特征和根据信道特征编码信息以便产生编码的信号。接着由发射机通过信道发射这些编码的信号并且这些编码的信号由接收机接收。
本发明的这些和其他特征将从下面的详细描述,附图和所附的权利要求书中变得清楚。
图1是根据本发明的发射机的方框图;和
图2是根据本发明可以采用以便接收由图1所示的发射机发射的编码信号的一个示例性的接收机的方框图。
包括一个发射机100和一个接收机200的发射系统表示在图1和图2的方框图表中,该发射机和该接收机根据本发明的一个方面通过信道101通信。发射机100经信息接口103从信息源102接收信息信号,或信息序列。信息源102例如可以是一个计算机,一个传真机,一个语音编码器或产生信息序列的任意其他设备。由于本领域技术人员容易理解常规元件和电路的结构、控制和设计,在很大程度上,已经通过容易理解的方框表示和示意图在附图中说明,该方框表示和示意图仅示出与本发明有关的具体细节。以便不使本说明书所属领域的技术人员容易清楚的结构细节造成公开内容模糊不清。
代码选择电路104接收信息信号和适当编码发射给接收机200的信息信号。已经开发了各种编码技术,或类型以便保证信息信号的准确发射和接收。每种已知的编码技术具有各种优点和缺点并且或多或少确实取决于传输发生的信道的特征。遗憾地,信道的特征可以关于时间,特别是在移动通信等方面改变。因为以前的发射机使用一种预定的编码技术编码信息信号,可以使用比对于某些信道特征并非最佳的编码技术进行发射。因此,使用已有发射机的发射系统的性能可能比所需的性能差。
本发明的代码选择电路104通过在发射期间根据信道101的确定特征动态选择一种编码技术克服了已有发射机中的这个缺陷。循环冗余校验(CRC)电路106可以利用CRC代码编码该信息信号。CRC电路106将该信息信号的每k个码元编码为CRC代码的n个码元。在CRC过程期间增加的n-k个码元叫做奇偶校验码元。根据在CRC电路106输入端的k个码元的特定块确定这些奇偶校验码元。下面将结合接收机200讨论,在解码处理期间使用CRC代码以便检测到纠错编码何时失败。因为CRC编码方法是本领域公知的,所以不在下文另外描述。
来自CRC电路106的CRC编码信息信号发射到一个代码开关108,它选择第一代码电路110或第二代码电路112用于CRC编码信息信号的进一步编码。代码开关108根据确定或检测的信道101的特征进行这种选择。代码开关108表示在图1中,例如,用于从信道估计电路114和接收机200接收信息。
信道估计电路114产生对信道101特征的估计。估计信道特征的一种方法是通过在发射机100偶尔采样物理信道并且由信道估计电路114以一种公知的方式处理这些采样信号。接着信道估计电路114通过信号I2向代码开关108指示信道101是可靠的还是不可靠的。可以使用多个信道特征确定信道101是否是可靠的。例如,可靠信道可以是具有高的信噪比(SNR)的一个信道。尽管可以使用其他已知的信道特征控制代码开关108,但是为描述容易仅讨论高SNR和低SNR的情况。
如果信道估计电路114指示信道101是可靠的(高的SNR),则代码开关108选择第一代码电路110以便进一步编码经CRC编码的信息信号。为示例性目的,第一代码电路110使用前向纠错(FEC)码1发射该CRC编码的信息信号。另一种方案是,如果信道估计电路114指示信道101是不可靠的(低的SNR),则代码开关108选择第二代码电路112从而进一步编码该CRC编码的信息信号。第二代码电路112使用可能不同的FEC码2以发射该CRC编码的信息信号。
如已知的,FEC编码包括在发射前利用冗余信息编码比特序列以便在接收端可以检测到差错。FEC码1可以优选是速率1/n卷积码和FEC码2优选是速率1/n重复码。FEC码1(1/n卷积码)由于具有高的SNR比FEC码2(1/n重复码)表现得更好。相反地,FEC码2在具有低的SNR的信道上比FEC码1表现得更好,例如当信道处于深度衰落时。如该例所示,FEC码1和2二者优选具有相同的码率以便信息速率是不改变的。
代码开关108也可以从接收机200经过信号I3直接接收信息。差错信号I3是来自接收机200的反馈信号,表示接收机200不能可靠地解码发射的编码信号。因此接收机200请求使用不同的FEC码。当信道估计电路114不能估计信道101的特征时可以使用差错信号I3。另一种方案,可以结合信号I2使用差错信号I3选择适当的FEC码。
接着由选择的代码电路110或112产生的编码信号提供给发射电路116用于发射给接收机200。在编码的信号上由发射电路116可以执行各种公知的功能。例如,可以调制(调幅,调频和调相)和滤波编码的信号。发射电路116可以另外包括天线或通过信道101发射编码信号的其他设备。
编码的信号由接收机200从信道101接收。该编码的信号由滤波器202滤波和由解调器204解调。接着编码的信号加到第一接收机开关206,它或者选择第一解码器电路208或者选择第二解码器电路210以便解码编码的信号。根据上述的示例性代码选择电路104,第一解码器电路208解码FEC码1和第二解码器电路210解码FEC码2。第二接收机开关212将第一解码器电路208或第二解码器电路210之一与CRC解码器电路214连接。
第一和第二接收机开关206和212是同步的以便适当的解码器电路208或210连接到CRC解码器电路214。如公知的,CRC解码器电路是非常可靠的解码信息中的差错检测器。因为接收机200不必要知道使用哪种FEC码,所以CRC解码器电路214通过反馈信号I4向第一和第二解码器开关206和212指示何时使用不正确的解码器电路。例如,如果开关206和212连接正确的解码器电路208或210,则CRC解码器电路214解码产生的信息和认为其输出是发射的编码信号的可靠重放。另一方面,如果开关206和212连接错误的解码器电路208或210,则CRC解码器电路214将不能(具有高几率地)解码产生的信号。接着CRC解码器电路214通过信号I4命令开关206和212连接其他的解码器电路208或210。用于解码多种编码的具有相同结构的接收机公开在1993年7月20日授予Dent等人,名称为“识别不同类型的卷积编码信号的解码系统”的美国专利号5,230,003中,该专利的公开文本在此结合引用。
因此通过参照其优选的实施例详细描述了该发明,很明显在不脱离由所附权利要求书确定的发明范围的情况下,其他改进和变化是可能的。例如,接收机200可以具有脱离下文那些描述的设计结构。因此,所附权利要求书的精神和范围不应该限于此处包括的优选版本的描述。
Claims (17)
1.用于在信道上发射编码信号的一种发射机,该发射机包括:
用于接收待发射信息的一个源接口;
第一代码电路,用于以第一代码编码信息;
第二代码电路,用于以第二代码编码信息;和
一个代码开关,用于根据该信道的特征选择第一代码电路和第二代码电路之一;和
用于在该信道上发射编码信号的一个发射电路。
2.如权利要求1所述的发射机,其中第一代码电路包括:
用于使用卷积码编码信息的一个卷积码电路。
3.如权利要求2所述的发射机,其中第二代码电路包括:
用于使用重复码编码信息的一个重复码电路。
4.如权利要求3所述的发射机,其中还包括:
一个循环冗余校验电路,用于对所述源接口提供的信息编码。
5.如权利要求1所述的发射机,其中第二代码电路包括:
使用重复码编码信息的一个重复码电路。
6.如权利要求1所述的发射机,其中还包括:
一个信道估计电路,用于估计信道的特征。
7.用于在信道上发射编码的信号的一种方法,该方法包括步骤:
接收待发射的信息;
接收对应于该信道特征的信息;
根据所述信道的所述特征选择第一代码和第二代码之一,其中所述第一代码和所述第二代码是具有相同码率的不同代码;
使用选择的第一和第二代码之一编码该信息以便产生编码的信号;和
在该信道上向接收机发射编码的信号。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,还包括步骤:
在发射步骤之前利用循环冗余校验码编码信号。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中选择步骤包括步骤:
提供一个卷积码作为第一代码。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中选择步骤包括步骤:
提供一个重复码作为第二代码。
11.如权利要求7所述方法,其中所述接收对应于信道特征的步骤包括步骤:
在发射机处对信道抽样;和
通过处理这些抽样结果估计该信道的特征。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述估计信道特征的步骤包括步骤:
估计该信道的信噪比。
13.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述接收对应于信道特征的信息的步骤包括以下步骤:
从接收机接收指示信道特征的误差信号。
14.用于在信道上发射编码的信号的一个发射系统,该系统包括:
一个发射机,该发射机包括:
第一代码电路,用于以第一代码编码信息;
第二代码电路,用于以第二代码编码信息;和
一个编码开关,用于根据信道的特征选择第一代码电路和第二代码电路之一;和
发射电路,用于在信道上发射编码信号;以及
用于接收编码的信号的一个接收机。
15.如权利要求14所述的发射系统,其中该发射机还包括:
一个信道估计电路,用于估计该信道的特征。
16.如权利要求14所述的发射系统,其中该接收机包括:
一个解码器选择电路,用于检测为编码发射的编码信号而选择的第一和第二代码之一;和
一个解码器电路,用于解码编码的信号以响应该解码器选择电路。
17.如权利要求14所述的发射系统,其中代码开关接收来自接收机的误差信号,并且
其中该代码开关可以根据该差错信号选择第一和第二代码电路中的另一个代码电路。
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US08/789,093 US6044485A (en) | 1997-01-03 | 1997-01-03 | Transmitter method and transmission system using adaptive coding based on channel characteristics |
US08/789,093 | 1997-01-03 |
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CN1249092A CN1249092A (zh) | 2000-03-29 |
CN1111990C true CN1111990C (zh) | 2003-06-18 |
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CN97181998A Expired - Fee Related CN1111990C (zh) | 1997-01-03 | 1997-12-16 | 使用基于信道特征的自适应编码的发射机方法和发射系统 |
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US (1) | US6044485A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0950301B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3715656B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1111990C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU5593898A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9714249A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2276777A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69732652T2 (zh) |
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- 1997-12-16 WO PCT/US1997/022307 patent/WO1998029979A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-12-16 DE DE69732652T patent/DE69732652T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-16 EP EP97952295A patent/EP0950301B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-16 BR BR9714249-2A patent/BR9714249A/pt unknown
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US6044485A (en) | 2000-03-28 |
JP3715656B2 (ja) | 2005-11-09 |
AU5593898A (en) | 1998-07-31 |
EP0950301A1 (en) | 1999-10-20 |
DE69732652D1 (de) | 2005-04-07 |
WO1998029979A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 |
EP0950301B1 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
BR9714249A (pt) | 2000-04-18 |
JP2001507886A (ja) | 2001-06-12 |
DE69732652T2 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
CA2276777A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 |
CN1249092A (zh) | 2000-03-29 |
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