CN111198399A - Sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measuring device - Google Patents
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- CN111198399A CN111198399A CN202010107049.2A CN202010107049A CN111198399A CN 111198399 A CN111198399 A CN 111198399A CN 202010107049 A CN202010107049 A CN 202010107049A CN 111198399 A CN111198399 A CN 111198399A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种沉积物压实声速各向异性测量装置，包括用于容置沉积物样品的高压反应釜，其底部固定有下轴向压头，顶部设置有可轴向移动的上轴向压头；高压反应釜内设置有一对轴向声波换能器，用于发射和接收垂直于层理面的纵波；高压反应釜的侧壁上设置有两对周向声波换能器，其中一对用于发射和接收平行于层理面的纵波，另一对用于发射和接收偏振方向平行/垂直于层理面的横波；高压反应釜的侧壁上还设置有一对斜向声波换能器，用于发射和接收与层理面呈45°角的纵波。由此，本发明能够同时连续准确测量不同压力下三个方向的纵波速度和两个方向的横波速度，不仅大大提高了测量效率，减小了工作量，而且测量得到的速度可以用于压实岩石弹性模量的计算。
The invention relates to a sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measuring device, comprising a high pressure reactor for accommodating sediment samples, a lower axial pressure head is fixed at the bottom, and an axially movable upper shaft is arranged at the top. Pressure head; a pair of axial acoustic wave transducers are arranged in the high-pressure reactor to transmit and receive longitudinal waves perpendicular to the bedding surface; two pairs of circumferential acoustic wave transducers are arranged on the side wall of the high-pressure reactor, one of which is One pair is used to transmit and receive longitudinal waves parallel to the bedding plane, and the other pair is used to transmit and receive transverse waves whose polarization directions are parallel/perpendicular to the bedding plane; there is also a pair of oblique acoustic wave transducers on the sidewall of the autoclave. It is used to transmit and receive longitudinal waves at an angle of 45° to the bedding plane. Therefore, the present invention can continuously and accurately measure the longitudinal wave velocity in three directions and the transverse wave velocity in two directions under different pressures, which not only greatly improves the measurement efficiency, but also reduces the workload, and the measured velocity can be used for compaction. Calculation of elastic modulus of rock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sound velocity measuring device, in particular to a device for measuring the sound velocity anisotropy of sediment compaction under different pressure conditions, and belongs to the field of exploration geophysics.
Background
Loose sediments undergo complex diagenetic processes during diagenesis. During the rock formation process, the change of temperature and pressure conditions can affect the arrangement mode and the pore structure of particles, thereby further affecting the elastic property and the seepage property of the rock. The directional arrangement of the particles and the change of the porosity can obviously influence the anisotropic acoustic properties of the rock, so that the measurement of the anisotropic sound velocity of the laboratory sediment is of great significance for better understanding the diagenetic evolution process of the rock.
Rocks common to nature often have anisotropy due to bedding, cracks, and the like. For loose deposits, different force directions during compaction can also lead to different types of anisotropy (e.g., VTI, HTI, TTI). Therefore, there is a need to develop a measuring device that can effectively measure the anisotropic sound velocity during deposit compaction.
At present, there are two main methods for measuring anisotropic sound velocity of laboratory rock: firstly, according to the distribution direction of rock bedding, respectively sampling according to the directions of parallel bedding, vertical bedding and the like, and measuring the longitudinal wave speed and the transverse wave speed of the rock; and secondly, manufacturing a special clamp and a high-pressure kettle, and respectively fixing the acoustic wave transducers in different directions of the clamp to measure the longitudinal wave speed and the transverse wave speed in different directions. However, for loose sediments, the conventional method cannot be used for sampling, so the first method is not feasible. In the second method, the sound velocity in the sediment is low, the difference between the sound velocities of a common stainless steel kettle body and a common mold and a sample is large, the measured sound wave signal is easily interfered, and the circumferential probe of the sound wave transducer is in poor contact with the sample, so that an effective sound wave signal (particularly a transverse wave signal) is difficult to identify.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a device for measuring the acoustic velocity anisotropy of a deposit under different pressure conditions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a sediment compaction acoustic velocity anisotropy measurement apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a high-pressure reaction kettle, a plurality of pressure sensors and a control system, wherein an axial containing cavity for placing a sediment sample is formed in the high-pressure reaction kettle, four circumferential holes which are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees and a pair of inclined holes which are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner are formed in the side wall of the high-pressure reaction kettle, the axis of each circumferential hole is perpendicular to the axis of the axial containing cavity, and the axis of each inclined hole and the axis of the axial containing cavity form an angle of 45 degrees; the lower axial pressure head is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the high-pressure reaction kettle; an upper axial ram, at least a portion of which is slidably disposed within the axial containment cavity above the sediment sample, for applying axial pressure to the sediment sample during a measurement process to compact the sediment sample; the two axial acoustic wave transducers are respectively arranged in the axial containing cavities positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the sediment sample, the end surfaces of the two axial acoustic wave transducers are respectively contacted with the upper surface and the lower surface of the sediment sample, and longitudinal wave wafers are embedded in the two axial acoustic wave transducers and used for transmitting and receiving longitudinal waves vertical to the bedding surface of the sediment sample; two pairs of circumferential acoustic wave transducers are respectively arranged in four circumferential holes of the high-pressure reaction kettle, and the end faces of the circumferential acoustic wave transducers are in contact with the circumferential surface of the sediment sample, wherein one pair of circumferential acoustic wave transducers which are arranged at an angle of 180 degrees is embedded with a longitudinal wave wafer and is used for transmitting and receiving a longitudinal wave which is parallel to the bedding surface of the sediment sample, and the other pair of circumferential acoustic wave transducers which are arranged at an angle of 180 degrees is embedded with a transverse wave wafer and is used for transmitting and receiving a transverse wave of which the polarization direction is parallel to the bedding surface of the sediment sample and the polarization direction is vertical to the bedding surface of the sediment sample; the inclined sound wave transducers are respectively arranged in the two inclined holes of the high-pressure reaction kettle, the end faces of the inclined sound wave transducers are in contact with the peripheral face of the sediment sample, and longitudinal wave wafers are embedded in the inclined sound wave transducers and used for transmitting and receiving longitudinal waves forming an angle of 45 degrees with the layer surface of the sediment sample.
The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measuring device preferably further comprises a lower gas conveying/exhausting pipe and an upper gas conveying/exhausting pipe, wherein the lower gas conveying/exhausting pipe penetrates through the lower axial pressure head and the axial acoustic wave transducer and then is communicated with the axial accommodating cavity, and the upper gas conveying/exhausting pipe penetrates through the upper axial pressure head and the other axial acoustic wave transducer and then is communicated with the axial accommodating cavity.
The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measuring device is characterized in that sealing rubber sleeves are embedded outside the probes of the circumferential acoustic wave transducer and the oblique acoustic wave transducer.
The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measuring device is characterized in that sealing O-shaped rings are embedded on the peripheries of the two axial acoustic wave transducers.
The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measuring device is preferably characterized in that the lower gas/liquid conveying/discharging pipe and the upper gas/liquid conveying/discharging pipe are respectively provided with a gate valve.
The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measuring device is characterized in that the circumferential acoustic wave transducer and the oblique acoustic wave transducer are respectively installed in the circumferential hole and the oblique hole through fixing nuts.
Preferably, the tail parts of the circumferential acoustic wave transducer and the oblique acoustic wave transducer are respectively provided with a screw thread for judging the direction of the wafer.
The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measuring device is characterized in that the end faces of the axial acoustic wave transducers are preferably flat, and the end faces of the circumferential acoustic wave transducers and the oblique acoustic wave transducers are concave surfaces matched with the peripheral surface shape of the sediment sample.
The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measuring device is characterized in that preferably, the high-pressure reaction kettle is integrally made of PEEK materials.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the method can continuously and accurately measure the longitudinal wave velocities in three directions and the transverse wave velocities in two directions under different pressures aiming at the anisotropic sample, greatly improves the measurement efficiency, reduces the workload, can calculate the elastic modulus of the compacted rock by using the measured velocities, and can provide data support for the prediction and evaluation of sediment reservoirs such as underground shale. 2. The acoustic wave transducer is in direct contact with rock sediments, and no medium is arranged in the acoustic wave transducer, so that the loss in the process of acoustic wave signal propagation is further reduced, and the quality of received signals is improved. 3. The high-pressure reaction kettle adopts the PEEK material, is high-pressure resistant, small in mass, low in sound velocity, light and convenient to use, large in experimental pressure range and accurate in test data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional elevation view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing V measured according to the present inventionp0A waveform diagram;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing V measured according to the present inventionp45A waveform diagram;
FIG. 6 shows the measured V of the present inventionp90A waveform diagram;
FIG. 7 shows the measured V of the present inventionsxA waveform diagram;
FIG. 8 shows the measured V of the present inventionsyAnd (4) waveform diagrams.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the objects, features and advantages of the invention can be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely intended to illustrate the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measurement apparatus, including: the high-pressure reaction kettle 1 is internally provided with an axial containing cavity for placing a sediment sample 10, the side wall of the high-pressure reaction kettle 1 is provided with four circumferential holes which are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees and a pair of inclined holes which are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner, the axis of each circumferential hole is vertical to the axis of the axial containing cavity, and the axis of each inclined hole and the axis of the axial containing cavity form an angle of 45 degrees; the lower axial pressure head 2 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the high-pressure reaction kettle 1; an upper axial indenter 3, at least a portion of the upper axial indenter 3 being slidably disposed within the axial containment cavity above the sediment sample 10 for applying axial pressure to the sediment sample 10 during the measurement process to compact the sediment sample 10; the axial acoustic wave transducers 4 are respectively arranged in axial containing cavities positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the sediment sample 10, the end faces of the two axial acoustic wave transducers 4 are respectively contacted with the upper surface and the lower surface of the sediment sample 10, and longitudinal wave wafers are embedded in the axial acoustic wave transducers 4 and used for transmitting and receiving longitudinal waves vertical to the bedding surface of the sediment sample; the two pairs of circumferential acoustic wave transducers 5 are respectively arranged in four circumferential holes of the high-pressure reaction kettle 1, and the end faces of the circumferential acoustic wave transducers 5 are in contact with the circumferential surface of the sediment sample 10, wherein one pair of circumferential acoustic wave transducers 5 arranged at 180 degrees is embedded with a longitudinal wave wafer for transmitting and receiving longitudinal waves parallel to the bedding surface of the sediment sample, and the other pair of circumferential acoustic wave transducers 5 arranged at 180 degrees is embedded with a transverse wave wafer for transmitting and receiving transverse waves of which the polarization direction is parallel to the bedding surface of the sediment sample and the polarization direction is vertical to the bedding surface of the sediment sample; the device comprises oblique acoustic wave transducers 6 and a pair of oblique acoustic wave transducers 6, wherein the oblique acoustic wave transducers 6 are respectively arranged in two oblique holes of the high-pressure reaction kettle 1, the end faces of the two oblique acoustic wave transducers 6 are respectively contacted with the peripheral surface of a sediment sample 10, and longitudinal wave wafers are embedded in the oblique acoustic wave transducers 6 and used for transmitting and receiving longitudinal waves forming an angle of 45 degrees with the layer surface of the sediment sample.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the present invention further includes a lower gas/liquid discharge pipe 7 and an upper gas/liquid discharge pipe 8, the lower gas/liquid discharge pipe 7 penetrates through the lower axial ram 2 and the axial acoustic wave transducer 4 and then is communicated with the axial housing cavity, the upper gas/liquid discharge pipe 8 penetrates through the upper axial ram 3 and the other axial acoustic wave transducer 4 and then is also communicated with the axial housing cavity, and the lower gas/liquid discharge pipe 7 and the upper gas/liquid discharge pipe 8 are used for discharging gas or liquid generated during the process of compacting the sediment sample 10, or inputting gas or liquid to the sediment sample 10 according to the actual requirements of experimental design.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the sealing rubber sleeve 11 is embedded outside the probe 9 of each of the circumferential acoustic wave transducer 5 and the oblique acoustic wave transducer 6, and the sealing O-rings 12 are embedded on the outer peripheries of the two axial acoustic wave transducers 4, so as to ensure the pressure sealing effect of the axial accommodating cavities.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the lower gas/liquid discharge pipe 7 and the upper gas/liquid discharge pipe 8 are provided with the gate valves 13.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the circumferential acoustic wave transducer 5 and the oblique acoustic wave transducer 6 are respectively installed in the circumferential hole and the oblique hole by the fixing nut 14, and at the same time, in order to ensure that the wafers in the circumferential acoustic wave transducer 5 and the oblique acoustic wave transducer 6 can be aligned, the tail portions of the circumferential acoustic wave transducer 5 and the oblique acoustic wave transducer 6 are respectively provided with a screw (not shown in the figure), so that the wafer direction can be distinguished by the direction of the screw, and the alignment of the wafers can be ensured.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the end faces of the axial acoustic wave transducer 4 are flat, and the end faces of the circumferential acoustic wave transducer 5 and the oblique acoustic wave transducer 6 are concave surfaces adapted to the peripheral surface shape of the sediment sample 10, so as to ensure good coupling of the contact surfaces of the acoustic wave transducers and the sediment sample 10.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the autoclave 1 is made of PEEK (polyetheretherketone) material integrally, which ensures the high pressure resistance of the autoclave body itself.
When the sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measuring device is used, the concrete implementation steps are as follows: ,
step 1: and mixing the sample mixture according to the required proportion for later use.
Step 2: an axial sound wave transducer 4 is fixed on the upper part of a lower axial pressure head 2, a pore-size partition plate or filter paper required by an experiment is placed above the axial sound wave transducer 4, and the lower axial pressure head 2 is fixed at the bottom of a high-pressure reaction kettle 1; then, the mixed sample is loaded from the top of the high-pressure reaction kettle 1 to form a sediment sample 10, and a pore-size partition plate or filter paper required by the experiment is placed on the sediment sample 10; finally, another axial acoustic wave transducer 4 is fixed at the lower part of the upper axial pressure head 2, the upper axial pressure head 3 and the axial acoustic wave transducer 4 are pressed into an axial accommodating cavity of the high-pressure reaction kettle 1 together, and at least one of a lower gas conveying/exhausting liquid pipe 7 and an upper gas conveying/exhausting liquid pipe 8 is kept open.
And step 3: connecting an upper axial pressure head 3 with an electric pressure pump, gradually moving the upper axial pressure head 3 downwards to compact a sediment sample 10, increasing the axial pressure to a pressure measuring point, selecting one or more pairs of acoustic wave transducers to be tested, using one of the acoustic wave transducers as a transmitting transducer and the other acoustic wave transducer as a receiving transducer, connecting the receiving transducer with an oscilloscope, and converting signals received by the receiving transducer into visible waveforms through the oscilloscope.
And 4, step 4: for sound velocities in different directions, only the transmitting transducer and the corresponding receiving transducer need to be converted, and then step 3 is repeated.
And 5: and (4) adjusting the upper axial pressure head 3 to the next pressure point, and repeating the step 3-4 to measure the anisotropic sound velocity of the sediment under different pressure conditions.
Step 6: and after the test is finished, adjusting the axial pressure to 0, pulling out the lower axial pressure head 2 and the upper axial pressure head 3, and taking out the sediment sample 10.
Through the steps, the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of the sediment sample 10 under different pressures can be obtained, and then the relationship between the component content of the sediment sample 10 and the anisotropic sound velocity can be further researched according to the measured longitudinal wave velocity and the measured transverse wave velocity in different directions.
FIGS. 4 through 8 show the sediment acoustic anisotropy compressional and shear velocities measured by the present invention, where Vp0、Vp45And Vp90The longitudinal wave velocity, V, being perpendicular to the bedding plane, at 45 DEG to the bedding plane and parallel to the bedding plane, respectivelysxAnd VsyThe transverse wave velocities are the one with the polarization direction parallel to the bedding plane and the one with the polarization direction perpendicular to the bedding plane, respectively. As shown in fig. 4 to 8, the waveforms of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave obtained by the measurement are complete and clear, and the signal intensity is high, which further indicates that the invention has good test performance and accurate and reliable test results.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A sediment compaction acoustic velocity anisotropy measurement apparatus, comprising:
the device comprises a high-pressure reaction kettle (1), wherein an axial containing cavity for placing a sediment sample (10) is formed in the high-pressure reaction kettle (1), four circumferential holes which are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees and a pair of inclined holes which are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner are formed in the side wall of the high-pressure reaction kettle (1), the axis of each circumferential hole is perpendicular to the axis of the axial containing cavity, and the axis of each inclined hole and the axis of the axial containing cavity form an angle of 45 degrees;
the lower axial pressure head (2) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the high-pressure reaction kettle (1);
an upper axial indenter (3), at least a portion of said upper axial indenter (3) being slidably arranged within said axial containment cavity above said sediment sample (10) for applying an axial pressure to said sediment sample (10) during a measurement process for compacting said sediment sample (10);
the two axial acoustic wave transducers (4) are respectively arranged in the axial containing cavities positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the sediment sample (10), the end faces of the two axial acoustic wave transducers (4) are respectively contacted with the upper surface and the lower surface of the sediment sample (10), and longitudinal wave wafers are embedded in the two axial acoustic wave transducers (4) and used for transmitting and receiving longitudinal waves vertical to the bedding surface of the sediment sample;
the two pairs of the circumferential acoustic wave transducers (5) are respectively arranged in four circumferential holes of the high-pressure reaction kettle (1), the end faces of the circumferential acoustic wave transducers (5) are in contact with the circumferential surface of the sediment sample (10), one pair of the circumferential acoustic wave transducers (5) which are arranged at 180 degrees are embedded with longitudinal wave wafers which are used for transmitting and receiving longitudinal waves parallel to the bedding surface of the sediment sample, and the other pair of the circumferential acoustic wave transducers (5) which are arranged at 180 degrees are embedded with transverse wave wafers which are used for transmitting and receiving transverse waves of which the polarization directions are parallel to the bedding surface of the sediment sample and the polarization directions are vertical to the bedding surface of the sediment sample;
the device comprises an oblique acoustic wave transducer (6), wherein the oblique acoustic wave transducer (6) is installed in two oblique holes of the high-pressure reaction kettle (1) respectively, the end face of the oblique acoustic wave transducer (6) is in contact with the peripheral face of a sediment sample (10), and longitudinal wave wafers are embedded into the oblique acoustic wave transducer (6) and used for transmitting and receiving longitudinal waves forming an angle of 45 degrees with the layer surface of the sediment sample.
2. The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measurement device according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a lower gas/liquid discharge pipe (7) and an upper gas/liquid discharge pipe (8), wherein the lower gas/liquid discharge pipe (7) is communicated with the axial accommodating cavity after penetrating through the lower axial head (2) and the axial acoustic wave transducer (4), and the upper gas/liquid discharge pipe (8) is communicated with the axial accommodating cavity after penetrating through the upper axial head (3) and the other axial acoustic wave transducer (4).
3. The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that sealing rubber sleeves (11) are embedded outside the probes (9) of the circumferential acoustic transducer (5) and the oblique acoustic transducer (6).
4. The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measurement device according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer peripheries of both axial acoustic wave transducers (4) are embedded with sealing O-rings (12).
5. The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that gate valves (13) are provided on both the lower gas/liquid input/output pipe (7) and the upper gas/liquid input/output pipe (8).
6. The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measurement apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the circumferential acoustic wave transducer (5) and the oblique acoustic wave transducer (6) are mounted in the circumferential hole and the oblique hole, respectively, by means of fixing nuts (14).
7. The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measurement apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the tail portions of the circumferential acoustic wave transducer (5) and the oblique acoustic wave transducer (6) are each provided with a screw for discriminating a wafer direction.
8. The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measurement apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the end faces of the axial acoustic wave transducer (4) are flat, and the end faces of the circumferential acoustic wave transducer (5) and the oblique acoustic wave transducer (6) are concave surfaces adapted to the shape of the peripheral surface of the sediment sample (10).
9. The sediment compaction sound velocity anisotropy measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the autoclave (1) is integrally made of PEEK material.
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| CN111474603A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-07-31 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A method and system for detecting the electrical conductivity of laterally isotropic rocks with inclined fractures |
| CN115236188A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-10-25 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Hydrate seismic monitoring equipment and experimental method |
| CN115266514A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-11-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Dynamic evaluation device and method for rock mechanical parameters in high-pressure fluid injection process |
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| CN115266514A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-11-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Dynamic evaluation device and method for rock mechanical parameters in high-pressure fluid injection process |
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