CN115266514A - Dynamic evaluation device and method for rock mechanical parameters in high-pressure fluid injection process - Google Patents
Dynamic evaluation device and method for rock mechanical parameters in high-pressure fluid injection process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic evaluation device for rock mechanical parameters in a high-pressure fluid injection process, which comprises a rock core holder and a computer control system; the device comprises a rock core holder, a displacement sensor, a confining pressure cylinder for fixing a rock core sample, an upper end cover and an axial pressure head, wherein the two ends of the confining pressure cylinder are respectively plugged by the upper end cover and the axial pressure head, a confining pressure chamber is formed between the confining pressure cylinder and the rock core holder and is used for being connected with a confining pressure servo loading system to provide confining pressure, wave speed measuring devices connected with a sound wave monitoring system are arranged in the upper end cover and the axial pressure head, the upper end cover is respectively connected with a fluid injection system and a nitrogen gas cylinder and is used for injecting high-pressure fluid or nitrogen gas, and the axial pressure head is connected with the axial pressure servo loading system and is used for providing axial pressure for the rock core sample. The invention also discloses a dynamic evaluation method for rock mechanical parameters in the high-pressure fluid injection process, which realizes the dynamic coupling of rock mechanical parameters in the whole fluid injection process to accurately evaluate the change of permeability by monitoring the sound wave velocity of the rock in the fluid injection process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanics, in particular to a device and a method for dynamically evaluating rock mechanical parameters in a high-pressure fluid injection process.
Background
The research on the fluid injection process of the rock is taken as a leading-edge subject of many engineering disciplines, and the method has wide application prospects in the fields of oil exploitation, ground stress measurement, rock fracture toughness analysis, reservoir induced earthquake, dam and slope instability control and the like, and particularly in the field of energy. The high-pressure fluid injection technology for the deep stratum is an important technology and is widely applied to the aspects of shale reservoir transformation, geothermal reservoir permeability enhancement, coal bed gas exploitation and the like, and the yield of an oil-gas well and the economic benefit of the oil-gas field are directly influenced by the high-pressure fluid injection effect in engineering.
The high-pressure fluid injection technology for the deep stratum mainly aims at enhancing the original seepage performance of a reservoir, and changes the rock mechanical structure by injecting high-pressure fluid into the deep high-temperature stratum to generate micro cracks, so that the permeability of the stratum is changed, the permeability is used as an important characteristic parameter of the seepage performance of the reservoir and has a coupling relation with the rock mechanical parameter, and the dynamic change of the permeability in the injection stage can intuitively reflect the stratum transformation effect of the high-pressure fluid injection technology for the deep stratum.
However, at the present stage, there is a few evaluation methods related to dynamic coupling change of rock mechanical parameters and permeability of high-pressure fluid injection in a high-temperature environment of a deep stratum, particularly, permeability measurement has a certain time delay effect, downstream fluid load cannot be changed correspondingly in time after upstream fluid load changes, and an accurate value can be measured only after upstream fluid pressure and outlet flow rate are stable, so that most of existing rock mechanical experimental devices can test permeability under a steady-state condition, and can only test permeability values before and after a test, for example, patent CN215640530U discloses a pseudo-triaxial fracturing system which can evaluate a final fracturing effect, but the system cannot effectively measure a series of dynamic behaviors including permeability increase, acceleration, characteristic time mutation and the like.
Patent CN112683748A discloses a coal rock dynamic permeability measuring device and method in the fracturing physical simulation process, dynamic monitoring of permeability in the fracturing process is realized by monitoring the flow rate of outlet high-pressure fluid in real time, but the measuring device does not solve the time delay effect existing in permeability testing, so that certain error exists when the device is used for monitoring the real-time dynamic evolution of permeability, especially when the high-pressure fluid which is easy to change phase at room temperature such as liquid nitrogen and liquid carbon dioxide is used, the gasification can cause the doubling increase of the fluid volume, the flow change at the outlet cannot be effectively monitored by adopting the testing device at the moment, and the testing device is made to fail.
Therefore, it is needed to establish a dynamic evaluation device and method for rock mechanical parameters in a high-pressure fluid injection process, which are not affected by a high-pressure fluid medium and a time delay effect, and can reflect the effect of the rock mechanical parameters on the permeability in a high-temperature seepage environment of a deep stratum, so as to provide a basis for evaluation and construction of a formation fluid injection test effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a device and a method for dynamically evaluating rock mechanical parameters in a high-pressure fluid injection process, which are used for measuring the initial permeability of a rock core sample before high-pressure fluid injection, and establishing a dynamic evaluation model of the permeability of the rock core sample based on the coupling relation of the rock mechanical parameters and the permeability by combining the sound wave characteristics of the damaged rock core sample in the high-pressure fluid injection process, thereby realizing accurate evaluation of the rock permeability along with the change of the rock mechanical parameters in the whole process of deep high-temperature formation fluid injection and providing a basis for fluid injection construction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a dynamic evaluation device for rock mechanical parameters in a high-pressure fluid injection process is used for dynamic evaluation of coupling of the rock mechanical parameters and permeability in the high-pressure fluid injection process of a deep stratum and comprises a rock core holder and a computer control system;
the device comprises a rock core holder, a displacement sensor, a confining pressure barrel with two open ends, a confining pressure barrel with an upper end cover at the top and a shaft pressure head at the bottom, a rock core sample in the confining pressure barrel, a rock core sample side wall clinging to the inner wall of the confining pressure barrel, a confining pressure chamber formed between the outer wall of the confining pressure barrel and the rock core holder, a heating resistor connected with a heating and heat-insulating system, a confining pressure medium inlet at the top of the confining pressure chamber, a confining pressure medium outlet at the bottom, a circulating loop formed by connecting the confining pressure medium inlet and the confining pressure medium outlet with a confining pressure servo loading system through a pipeline, a confining pressure sensor arranged on one side of the circulating pipeline close to the confining pressure medium inlet, and a temperature sensor arranged on one side close to the confining pressure medium outlet;
the device comprises an upper end cover, a core sample, a fluid injection system, a fluid pressure sensor, a first pressure reducing valve, a second pipeline, a longitudinal wave emitter, a transverse wave emitter, an injection pipe, a three-way valve, a fluid pressure sensor and a first pressure reducing valve, wherein the bottom of the upper end cover is provided with the longitudinal wave emitter and the transverse wave emitter, the bottom end of the injection pipe is inserted into the core sample, the top end of the injection pipe is provided with the three-way valve, a first connecting end of the three-way valve is connected with the fluid injection system through the first pipeline, the first pipeline is provided with the fluid pressure sensor and the first pressure reducing valve, a second connecting end of the three-way valve is connected with the nitrogen gas cylinder through the second pipeline, and the second pipeline is provided with the nitrogen gas pressure sensor and the second pressure reducing valve;
the axial pressure head is provided with a longitudinal wave receiver and a transverse wave receiver at the pressurizing end, the longitudinal wave receiver is arranged at the position opposite to the longitudinal wave transmitter, the transverse wave receiver is arranged at the position opposite to the transverse wave transmitter, an axial pressure chamber and an outflow pipe are arranged in the axial pressure head, the axial pressure chamber is connected with an axial pressure servo loading system through a third pipeline, an axial pressure sensor is arranged on the third pipeline, one end of the outflow pipe is clung to the bottom surface of a rock core sample, the other end of the outflow pipe is connected with a waste liquid recovery device, and a back pressure valve, a fluid outlet pressure sensor and a flowmeter are sequentially arranged on the outflow pipe;
the longitudinal wave transmitter, the transverse wave transmitter, the longitudinal wave receiver and the transverse wave receiver are all connected with the sound wave monitoring system;
and the computer control system is respectively connected with the heating and heat-insulating system, the confining pressure servo loading system, the fluid injection system, the axial pressure servo loading system, the sound wave monitoring system and the displacement sensor.
Preferably, the center of the top surface of the core sample is provided with an injection hole, and the bottom end of the injection pipe is inserted into the injection hole of the core sample.
Preferably, the upper end cover is in threaded connection with the core holder, and the side wall of the axial pressure head is in sealing connection with the core holder through a sealing rubber ring.
Preferably, the fluid injection system is provided with a priming pump and a high pressure fluid storage tank.
Preferably, the inner wall of the confining pressure cylinder is provided with an insulating layer.
A dynamic evaluation method of rock mechanical parameters in the high-pressure fluid injection process, the dynamic evaluation device for the rock mechanical parameters in the high-pressure fluid injection process comprises the following steps:
And 3, opening a second pressure reducing valve, injecting nitrogen in a nitrogen gas cylinder into the rock core sample through an injection pipe, adjusting a back pressure valve, and regulating the outlet pressure of the outflow pipe to be the pore pressure p of the simulated formation in combination with the indication of the fluid outlet pressure sensoroutAnd measuring the displacement delta l of the core sample by using a displacement sensor,starting the sound wave monitoring system, and simultaneously controlling the longitudinal wave transmitter and the transverse wave transmitter by using the sound wave monitoring system, so that the longitudinal wave receiver receives a longitudinal wave signal sent by the longitudinal wave transmitter, the transverse wave receiver receives a transverse wave signal sent by the transverse wave transmitter, and the longitudinal wave velocity v of the rock core sample before the high-pressure fluid is injected into the rock core sample is obtainedp0And transverse wave velocity vs0；
Combining the indication of the nitrogen pressure sensor and the injection pressure p of the nitrogeni′njAnd after the discharge capacity is stable, measuring the gas discharge capacity in the outflow pipe by using a flowmeter, and calculating the initial permeability of the core sample by combining readings of a nitrogen pressure sensor and a fluid outlet pressure sensor, wherein the initial permeability is shown as a formula (1):
in the formula, k0Initial permeability of the core sample, μ is viscosity of nitrogen, pscIs standard atmospheric pressure, pi′njThe injection pressure of nitrogen is shown, and Q is the nitrogen discharge capacity of the core sample in unit time;
and 4, closing the second pressure reducing valve, stopping injecting nitrogen into the core sample, opening the first pressure reducing valve, adjusting the back pressure valve, and regulating the outlet pressure of the outflow pipe to be the pore pressure p of the simulated formation in combination with the reading of the fluid outlet pressure sensoroutThe high-pressure fluid is injected at a pressure value p by using the fluid injection system according to the preset high-pressure fluid injection speedoutInjecting the sample into a core sample, after the reading of the flowmeter is stable, controlling a sound wave monitoring system and a displacement sensor to measure by using a computer control system according to a preset time interval, determining the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity corresponding to each moment in the high-pressure fluid injection process, and respectively obtaining the change rules of the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity along with the injection time of the high-pressure fluid;
and 5, according to the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity measured at each moment in the high-pressure fluid injection process, inverting to obtain a dynamic evolution rule of the elastic modulus of the core sample in the high-pressure fluid injection process, wherein the dynamic evolution rule comprises the following steps:
wherein E (t) is the modulus of elasticity of the core sample at the time of high pressure fluid injection for a time t, vp(t) is the longitudinal wave velocity of the core sample at the high-pressure fluid injection time period t, rho is the density of the core sample, and t is the high-pressure fluid injection time period;
according to the relation between the elastic modulus and the shear modulus of the core sample, the dynamic evolution rule of the Poisson's ratio of the core sample in the high-pressure fluid injection process is obtained as follows:
where μ (t) is the Poisson's ratio of the core sample at time t of high pressure fluid injection, G (t) is the shear modulus of the core sample at time t of high pressure fluid injection, vs(t) is the transverse wave velocity of the core sample at the time of high-pressure fluid injection duration t;
and (3) based on the rock volume strain and rock integrity permeability evolution relation, as shown in formula (4):
wherein k (t) is the permeability of the core sample at the time of high-pressure fluid injection for a time t; d (t) is a damage factor of the core sample when the high-pressure fluid is injected for a time t; k is a radical of0Is the initial permeability of the core sample; theta (t) is the volume strain of the core sample when the high-pressure fluid is injected for a time t; alpha is alphakThe influence coefficient of the damage of the core sample on the permeability is taken as the coefficient; sigmam(t) is the average stress of the core sample at time t of high pressure fluid injection;
according to the dynamic change rule of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the core sample and by combining the rock volume strain and the permeability evolution relation of the rock integrity, a dynamic evaluation model of the permeability of the core sample is established, as shown in a formula (5):
wherein p isinj(t) is the injection pressure during the high-pressure fluid injection time period t, and the damage factor D (t) during the high-pressure fluid injection time period t is as follows:
in the formula, vp0The initial value of the longitudinal wave velocity of the core sample is obtained;
and 8, drawing a permeability dynamic change curve according to the dynamic evaluation model of the permeability of the core sample, and dynamically evaluating the permeability of the core sample in the high-pressure fluid injection process by combining a horizontal ground stress value, a vertical ground stress value, a pore pressure value, a temperature value, the liquid injection speed of the high-pressure fluid and the injection pressure of the high-pressure fluid on the core sample.
Preferably, in the step 3, the longitudinal wave velocity v of the core sample before the high-pressure fluid is injectedp0Comprises the following steps:
where l is the initial length of the core sample, Δ l is the amount of displacement of the core sample, Δ tp0The time taken for the longitudinal wave signal to be transmitted from the longitudinal wave transmitter to be received by the longitudinal wave receiver;
shear wave velocity v of core sample before high pressure fluid injections0Comprises the following steps:
in the formula,. DELTA.ts0The time taken for the longitudinal wave signal to be transmitted from the longitudinal wave transmitter to the longitudinal wave receiver.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the invention, a damage factor in damage mechanics is associated with rock integrity evaluation in an elastic wave propagation theory, the influence of horizontal ground stress, vertical ground stress, formation pore pressure, formation temperature, fluid injection rate and injection pressure on the process of injecting high-pressure fluid into the rock is comprehensively considered by utilizing the evolution relation of rock volume strain and permeability of the rock integrity, the elastic modulus and Poisson ratio of the rock are dynamically monitored in the whole process of injecting high-pressure fluid by utilizing longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity under the conditions of different confining pressure, axial pressure and temperature, dynamic evaluation is carried out on the rock permeability by combining the initial value of the rock permeability, and the problem that dynamic change of the permeability in the whole process of rock deformation to fracture caused by high-pressure fluid injection in a high-temperature environment of a deep formation is difficult to accurately evaluate in a laboratory is solved.
The method solves the problems that the conventional rock permeability measuring method needs long-time steady flow and cannot dynamically evaluate the rock permeability in real time in the high-pressure fluid injection process, and the method does not need to monitor the outlet flow of a core sample in real time, so that the method does not need to consider the problem that the flow measuring method fails due to the phase change of the high-pressure fluid (such as liquid nitrogen and liquid carbon dioxide gasification) in the test process, namely the method is suitable for evaluating the high-pressure injection effect of various fluids, realizes the accurate evaluation of the rock permeability in the whole high-pressure fluid injection process along with the change of rock mechanical parameters, and provides a basis for the fluid injection numerical simulation and construction by obtaining the rock mechanical parameters and the change curve of the permeability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic rock mechanical parameter evaluation device in a high-pressure fluid injection process.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the core holder of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a dynamic evaluation method of rock mechanical parameters in a high-pressure fluid injection process according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, an injection pipe, 2, an upper end cover, 3, a transverse wave emitter, 4, a longitudinal wave emitter, 5, a confining pressure medium inlet, 6, a heating resistor, 7, a confining pressure barrel, 8, a core holder, 9, a confining pressure chamber, 10, a core sample, 11, a confining pressure medium outlet, 12, a longitudinal wave receiver, 13, an axial pressure head, 14, a sealing rubber ring, 15, a transverse wave receiver, 16, an axial pressure chamber, 17, a displacement sensor, 18, an outflow pipe, 19, a confining pressure sensor, 20, a temperature sensor, 21, a high-pressure fluid pressure sensor, 22, a nitrogen pressure sensor, 23, an axial pressure sensor, 24, a flowmeter, 25 and a fluid outlet pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention discloses a dynamic evaluation device for rock mechanical parameters in a high-pressure fluid injection process, which is used for dynamic evaluation of coupling of rock mechanical parameters and permeability in a high-pressure fluid injection process of a deep stratum, and comprises a rock core holder 8 and a computer control system as shown in figure 1.
The core holder 8 is used for fixing a core sample 10, as shown in fig. 2, the bottom end of the core holder 8 is provided with a displacement sensor 17 for measuring the displacement of the core sample, a confining pressure cylinder 7 with two open ends is arranged in the core holder 8, the top of the confining pressure cylinder 7 is plugged by an upper end cover 2, and the bottom of the confining pressure cylinder is plugged by an axial pressure head 13. A rock core sample 10 is placed in the confining pressure barrel 7, the side wall of the rock core sample 10 is attached to the inner wall of the confining pressure barrel 7, and a confining pressure chamber 9 is formed between the outer wall of the confining pressure barrel 7 and the rock core holder 8 and used for providing confining pressure for the rock core sample to simulate horizontal ground stress applied to the rock core sample; a heating resistor 6 connected with a heating and heat-preserving system is arranged in the confining pressure chamber 9, the heating resistor 6 uniformly heats the core sample by heating a medium in the confining pressure chamber, so that the environment temperature of the core sample is the same as the set formation temperature, and meanwhile, in order to better simulate the formation temperature and preserve the heat of the core sample, a heat-preserving coating is arranged on the inner wall of the confining pressure cylinder 7, so that the temperature constancy of the core sample can be effectively ensured; confining pressure medium inlet 5 is arranged at the top of confining pressure chamber 9, confining pressure medium outlet 11 is arranged at the bottom, confining pressure medium inlet 5 and confining pressure medium outlet 11 are connected with a confining pressure servo loading system through pipelines to form a circulation loop, a confining pressure sensor 19 is arranged on one side, close to confining pressure medium inlet, of the circulation pipeline and used for measuring a confining pressure value applied to a rock core sample by the confining pressure chamber, and a temperature sensor 20 is arranged on one side, close to confining pressure medium outlet, of the circulating pipeline and used for determining the temperature of the surrounding environment of the rock core sample.
Adopt threaded connection between upper end cover 2 and the core holder 8, the bottom of upper end cover 2 is provided with sound wave emitter, including longitudinal wave transmitter 4 and transverse wave transmitter 3, be provided with injection pipe 1 in the upper end cover 2, be used for in pouring into the core holder with high-pressure fluid or nitrogen gas into, the filling hole of core sample 10 top surface is inserted to the bottom of injection pipe 1, the top of injection pipe 1 is provided with the three-way valve, the first link of three-way valve is connected with infusion pump and high-pressure fluid storage tank in the fluid injection system in proper order through first pipeline, be provided with high-pressure fluid pressure sensor 21 and first relief pressure valve on the first pipeline, the second link of three-way valve is connected with the nitrogen gas cylinder through the second pipeline, be provided with nitrogen gas pressure sensor 22 and second relief pressure valve on the second pipeline.
The axial pressure head 13 and the core holder 8 are connected through a sealing rubber ring 14 in a sealing mode, a sound wave receiving device is arranged at a pressurizing end of the axial pressure head 13 and comprises a longitudinal wave receiver 12 and a transverse wave receiver 15, the longitudinal wave receiver 12 is arranged at the position opposite to the longitudinal wave emitter 4, and the transverse wave receiver 15 is arranged at the position opposite to the transverse wave emitter 3. An axial pressure chamber 16 and an outflow pipe 18 are arranged in the axial pressure head 13, the axial pressure chamber 16 is connected with an axial pressure servo loading system through a third pipeline and is used for providing axial pressure for the core sample to simulate the vertical ground stress on the core sample, and an axial pressure sensor 23 is arranged on the third pipeline and is used for measuring the axial pressure value applied to the core sample by the axial pressure head; one end of the outflow pipe 18 is tightly attached to the bottom surface of the core sample 10, the other end of the outflow pipe is connected with a waste liquid recovery device, a back pressure valve, a fluid outlet pressure sensor 25 and a flowmeter 24 are sequentially arranged on the outflow pipe 18, the back pressure valve is used for adjusting the pore pressure of the core sample, the fluid outlet pressure sensor 25 is used for measuring the pressure of the discharged fluid in the core sample, and the flowmeter 24 is used for monitoring the flow of the fluid flowing out of the core sample.
The longitudinal wave transmitter 4, the transverse wave transmitter 3, the longitudinal wave receiver 12 and the transverse wave receiver 15 are all connected with the sound wave monitoring system, and can transmit measured sound wave data to the computer control system through the sound wave monitoring system in real time.
And the computer control system is respectively connected with the heating and heat-insulating system, the confining pressure servo loading system, the fluid injection system, the axial pressure servo loading system, the sound wave monitoring system and the displacement sensor.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a cylindrical core sample is taken as an example to describe in detail the dynamic evaluation method for rock mechanical parameters in a high-pressure fluid injection process, as shown in fig. 3, the dynamic evaluation device for rock mechanical parameters in a high-pressure fluid injection process includes the following steps:
And 3, opening a second pressure reducing valve, injecting nitrogen in a nitrogen gas cylinder into the core sample 10 through the injection pipe 1, adjusting a back pressure valve, and regulating the outlet pressure of the outflow pipe 18 to be equal to the pore pressure p of the simulated formation in combination with the reading of the fluid outlet pressure sensor 25outSimilarly, measuring the displacement delta l of the core sample 10 by using the displacement sensor 23, starting the sound wave monitoring system, and simultaneously controlling the longitudinal wave transmitter 4 and the transverse wave transmitter 3 by using the sound wave monitoring system, so that the longitudinal wave receiver 12 receives a longitudinal wave signal sent by the longitudinal wave transmitter 4, the transverse wave receiver 15 receives a transverse wave signal sent by the transverse wave transmitter 3, and the longitudinal wave velocity v of the core sample before the high-pressure fluid is injected is obtainedp0And transverse wave velocity vs0Wherein the longitudinal wave velocity v of the core sample before the injection of the high-pressure fluidp0Comprises the following steps:
where l is the initial length of the core sample, Δ l is the amount of displacement of the core sample, Δ tp0The time taken for the longitudinal wave signal to be transmitted from the longitudinal wave transmitter to the longitudinal wave receiver;
transverse wave velocity v of core sample before high-pressure fluid injections0Comprises the following steps:
in the formula,. DELTA.ts0The time taken for the longitudinal wave signal to be transmitted from the longitudinal wave transmitter to the longitudinal wave receiver.
In combination with the indication of the nitrogen pressure sensor 22, the injection pressure p of the nitrogen gasi′njAnd after the discharge capacity is stabilized, measuring the gas discharge capacity in the outflow pipe by using a flow meter 24, and calculating the initial permeability of the core sample by combining readings of a nitrogen pressure sensor 22 and a fluid outlet pressure sensor 25, as shown in formula (1):
in the formula, k0Is the initial permeability of the core sample, μ is the viscosity of nitrogen, pscIs a standard atmospheric pressure, pi′njBeing nitrogenAnd (4) injection pressure, wherein Q is nitrogen discharge capacity of the core sample in unit time.
And 4, closing the second pressure reducing valve, stopping injecting nitrogen into the core sample, opening the first pressure reducing valve, adjusting the back pressure valve, and regulating the outlet pressure of the outflow pipe 18 to be equal to the pore pressure p of the simulated formation in combination with the indication of the fluid outlet pressure sensor 25outIn the same way, according to the preset high-pressure fluid injection speed, the high-pressure fluid is injected at a pressure value p by using the fluid injection systemoutAfter the readings of the flowmeter 24 are stabilized, the samples are injected into the core sample 10, and the sound wave monitoring system and the displacement sensor 17 are controlled by the computer control system to measure according to a preset time interval, so that the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity corresponding to each moment in the high-pressure fluid injection process are determined, and the change rules of the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity along with the injection time of the high-pressure fluid are respectively obtained.
And step 5, according to the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity measured at each moment in the high-pressure fluid injection process, carrying out inversion to obtain a dynamic evolution rule of the elastic modulus of the core sample in the high-pressure fluid injection process, wherein the dynamic evolution rule is as follows:
wherein E (t) is the modulus of elasticity of the core sample at the time of high pressure fluid injection for a time t, vp(t) is the longitudinal wave velocity of the core sample at the high-pressure fluid injection time period t, ρ is the density of the core sample, and t is the high-pressure fluid injection time period.
According to the relation between the elastic modulus and the shear modulus of the core sample, the dynamic evolution rule of the Poisson's ratio of the core sample in the high-pressure fluid injection process is obtained as follows:
where μ (t) is the Poisson's ratio of the core sample at time t of high pressure fluid injection, G (t) is the shear modulus of the core sample at time t of high pressure fluid injection, vs(t) is the high pressure fluid injection time period tThe shear wave velocity of the core sample.
And (3) based on the rock volume strain and rock integrity permeability evolution relation, as shown in formula (4):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein k (t) is the permeability of the core sample at the time of high-pressure fluid injection for a time t; d (t) is a damage factor of the core sample when the high-pressure fluid is injected for a time t; k is a radical of0Is the initial permeability of the core sample; theta (t) is the volume strain of the core sample when the high-pressure fluid is injected for a time t; alpha is alphakThe influence coefficient of the damage of the core sample on the permeability is shown; sigmam(t) is the average stress of the core sample at time t of high pressure fluid injection.
According to the dynamic change rule of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the core sample and by combining the rock volume strain and the permeability evolution relation of the rock integrity, a dynamic evaluation model of the permeability of the core sample is established, as shown in a formula (5):
wherein p isinj(t) is the injection pressure during the high-pressure fluid injection time period t, and the damage factor D (t) during the high-pressure fluid injection time period t is as follows:
in the formula, vp0The initial value of the longitudinal wave velocity of the core sample is obtained.
And 8, drawing a permeability dynamic change curve according to a dynamic evaluation model of the permeability of the core sample, and dynamically evaluating the permeability of the core sample in the high-pressure fluid injection process by combining a horizontal ground stress value, a vertical ground stress value, a pore pressure value, a temperature value, the liquid injection speed of the high-pressure fluid and the injection pressure of the high-pressure fluid on the core sample.
The invention relates the damage factor in the damage mechanics and the rock integrity evaluation in the elastic wave propagation theory, integrates the horizontal ground stress value, the vertical ground stress value, the pore pressure value, the temperature value, the liquid injection speed and the injection pressure of the high-pressure fluid which are born by the rock core sample, establishes a dynamic evaluation model of the rock core sample permeability, realizes the accurate evaluation of the rock permeability along with the change of the rock mechanics parameters in the whole process of injecting the high-pressure fluid, and provides a basis for the numerical simulation and construction of fluid injection by obtaining the rock mechanics parameters and the change curve of the rock permeability.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A dynamic evaluation device for rock mechanical parameters in a high-pressure fluid injection process is characterized by being used for dynamic evaluation of coupling of rock mechanical parameters and permeability in a deep stratum high-pressure fluid injection process and comprising a rock core holder and a computer control system;
the device comprises a rock core holder and is characterized in that a displacement sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the rock core holder, a confining pressure cylinder with openings at two ends is arranged in the rock core holder, the top of the confining pressure cylinder is blocked by an upper end cover, the bottom of the confining pressure cylinder is blocked by an axial pressure head, a rock core sample is arranged in the confining pressure cylinder, the side wall of the rock core sample is clung to the inner wall of the confining pressure cylinder, a confining pressure chamber is formed between the outer wall of the confining pressure cylinder and the rock core holder, a heating resistor connected with a heating and heat-insulating system is arranged in the confining pressure chamber, a confining pressure medium inlet is arranged at the top of the confining pressure chamber, a confining pressure medium outlet is arranged at the bottom of the confining pressure chamber, the confining pressure medium inlet and the confining pressure medium outlet are both connected with a confining pressure servo loading system through pipelines to form a circulation loop, a confining pressure sensor is arranged on one side of the circulation pipeline close to the confining pressure medium inlet, and a temperature sensor is arranged on one side close to the confining pressure medium outlet;
the device comprises an upper end cover, a core sample, a fluid injection system, a fluid pressure sensor, a first pressure reducing valve, a second pipeline, a longitudinal wave emitter, a transverse wave emitter, an injection pipe, a three-way valve, a fluid pressure sensor and a first pressure reducing valve, wherein the bottom of the upper end cover is provided with the longitudinal wave emitter and the transverse wave emitter, the bottom end of the injection pipe is inserted into the core sample, the top end of the injection pipe is provided with the three-way valve, a first connecting end of the three-way valve is connected with the fluid injection system through the first pipeline, the first pipeline is provided with the fluid pressure sensor and the first pressure reducing valve, a second connecting end of the three-way valve is connected with the nitrogen gas cylinder through the second pipeline, and the second pipeline is provided with the nitrogen gas pressure sensor and the second pressure reducing valve;
the axial pressure head is provided with a longitudinal wave receiver and a transverse wave receiver at the pressurizing end, the longitudinal wave receiver is arranged at the position opposite to the longitudinal wave transmitter, the transverse wave receiver is arranged at the position opposite to the transverse wave transmitter, an axial pressure chamber and an outflow pipe are arranged in the axial pressure head, the axial pressure chamber is connected with an axial pressure servo loading system through a third pipeline, an axial pressure sensor is arranged on the third pipeline, one end of the outflow pipe is clung to the bottom surface of a rock core sample, the other end of the outflow pipe is connected with a waste liquid recovery device, and a back pressure valve, a fluid outlet pressure sensor and a flowmeter are sequentially arranged on the outflow pipe;
the longitudinal wave transmitter, the transverse wave transmitter, the longitudinal wave receiver and the transverse wave receiver are all connected with the sound wave monitoring system;
and the computer control system is respectively connected with the heating and heat-insulating system, the confining pressure servo loading system, the fluid injection system, the axial pressure servo loading system, the sound wave monitoring system and the displacement sensor.
2. The device for dynamically evaluating the rock mechanical parameters in the high-pressure fluid injection process according to claim 1, wherein an injection hole is formed in the center of the top surface of the core sample, and the bottom end of the injection pipe is inserted into the injection hole of the core sample.
3. The device for dynamically evaluating the mechanical parameters of the rock during the injection of the high-pressure fluid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper end cover is in threaded connection with the core holder, and the side wall of the axial pressure head is in sealing connection with the core holder through a sealing rubber ring.
4. The device for dynamically evaluating rock mechanics parameters during high pressure fluid injection according to claim 1, wherein the fluid injection system is provided with a liquid injection pump and a high pressure fluid storage tank.
5. The dynamic rock mechanical parameter evaluation device in the high-pressure fluid injection process according to claim 1, wherein an insulating layer is arranged on the inner wall of the confining pressure cylinder.
6. A dynamic evaluation method for rock mechanical parameters in a high-pressure fluid injection process is characterized in that the dynamic evaluation device for the rock mechanical parameters in the high-pressure fluid injection process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted, and the dynamic evaluation method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a rock sample to be tested to prepare a core sample, measuring the initial length l, the sectional area A and the density rho of the core sample, placing the core sample in a confining pressure cylinder of a core holder, and sealing the confining pressure cylinder by using an upper end cover and an axial pressure head;
step 2, setting the experiment temperature of the core sample according to the stratum temperature, controlling a heating resistor by using a heating and heat-preserving system to heat the core sample to the experiment temperature, maintaining the temperature of the core sample constant by combining a temperature sensor, and setting an axial pressure value sigma according to geological data of the simulated stratum1And confining pressure pressurization value sigma3Starting an axial pressure servo loading system, controlling an axial pressure head to apply axial pressure to the core sample by using the axial pressure servo loading system, and combining the readings of an axial pressure sensor to ensure that the axial pressure applied to the core sample is stabilized to be sigma1When the confining pressure servo loading system is started, the confining pressure servo loading system is utilized to control the confining pressure chamber to apply confining pressure to the core sample, and the confining pressure servo loading system is combined with the reading of the confining pressure sensor, so that the confining pressure borne by the core sample is stabilized to be sigma3；
And 3, opening a second pressure reducing valve, injecting nitrogen in a nitrogen gas cylinder into the core sample through an injection pipe, adjusting a back pressure valve, and regulating the outlet pressure of the outflow pipe to be equal to the pore pressure p of the simulated formation in combination with the reading of the fluid outlet pressure sensoroutThe method comprises the steps of measuring the displacement delta l of a rock core sample by using a displacement sensor, starting a sound wave monitoring system, and simultaneously controlling a longitudinal wave transmitter and a transverse wave transmitter by using the sound wave monitoring system, so that a longitudinal wave receiver receives a longitudinal wave signal sent by the longitudinal wave transmitter, a transverse wave receiver receives a transverse wave signal sent by the transverse wave transmitter, and the longitudinal wave velocity v of the rock core sample before high-pressure fluid is injected is obtainedp0And transverse wave velocity vs0；
Combined with the indication of the nitrogen pressure sensor, the injection pressure p of the nitrogeni′njAnd after the discharge capacity is stable, measuring the gas discharge capacity in the outflow pipe by using a flowmeter, and calculating the initial permeability of the core sample by combining readings of a nitrogen pressure sensor and a fluid outlet pressure sensor, wherein the initial permeability is shown as a formula (1):
in the formula, k0Is the initial permeability of the core sample, μ is the viscosity of nitrogen, pscIs standard atmospheric pressure, p'injThe injection pressure of nitrogen is shown, and Q is the nitrogen discharge capacity of the core sample in unit time;
step 4, closing the second pressure reducing valve, stopping injecting nitrogen into the core sample, opening the first pressure reducing valve, adjusting the back pressure valve, and combining the indication of the fluid outlet pressure sensorAdjusting the outlet pressure of the outflow pipe to the pore pressure p of the simulated formationoutIn the same way, according to the preset high-pressure fluid injection speed, the high-pressure fluid is injected at a pressure value p by using the fluid injection systemoutInjecting the sample into a core sample, after the reading of the flowmeter is stable, controlling a sound wave monitoring system and a displacement sensor to measure by using a computer control system according to a preset time interval, determining the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity corresponding to each moment in the high-pressure fluid injection process, and respectively obtaining the change rules of the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity along with the injection time of the high-pressure fluid;
and step 5, according to the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity measured at each moment in the high-pressure fluid injection process, carrying out inversion to obtain a dynamic evolution rule of the elastic modulus of the core sample in the high-pressure fluid injection process, wherein the dynamic evolution rule is as follows:
wherein E (t) is the modulus of elasticity of the core sample at the time of high pressure fluid injection for a time t, vp(t) is the longitudinal wave velocity of the core sample at the high-pressure fluid injection time period t, rho is the density of the core sample, and t is the high-pressure fluid injection time period;
according to the relation between the elastic modulus and the shear modulus of the core sample, the dynamic evolution rule of the Poisson's ratio of the core sample in the high-pressure fluid injection process is obtained as follows:
where μ (t) is the Poisson's ratio of the core sample at time t of high pressure fluid injection, G (t) is the shear modulus of the core sample at time t of high pressure fluid injection, vs(t) is the transverse wave velocity of the core sample at the time of high-pressure fluid injection duration t;
and (3) based on the rock volume strain and rock integrity permeability evolution relation, as shown in formula (4):
wherein k (t) is the permeability of the core sample at the time of high-pressure fluid injection for a time t; d (t) is a damage factor of the core sample when the high-pressure fluid is injected for a time t; k is a radical of formula0Is the initial permeability of the core sample; Θ (t) is the volume strain of the core sample when the high pressure fluid is injected for a time t; alpha is alphakThe influence coefficient of the damage of the core sample on the permeability is shown; sigmam(t) is the average stress of the core sample at time t of high pressure fluid injection;
according to the dynamic change rule of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the core sample and by combining the rock volume strain and the permeability evolution relation of the rock integrity, a dynamic evaluation model of the permeability of the core sample is established, as shown in a formula (5):
wherein p isinj(t) is the injection pressure during the high-pressure fluid injection time period t, and the damage factor D (t) during the high-pressure fluid injection time period t is as follows:
in the formula, vp0The initial value of the longitudinal wave velocity of the core sample is obtained;
and 8, drawing a permeability dynamic change curve according to a dynamic evaluation model of the permeability of the core sample, and dynamically evaluating the permeability of the core sample in the high-pressure fluid injection process by combining a horizontal ground stress value, a vertical ground stress value, a pore pressure value, a temperature value, the liquid injection speed of the high-pressure fluid and the injection pressure of the high-pressure fluid on the core sample.
7. The method for dynamically evaluating rock mechanical parameters in the high-pressure fluid injection process according to claim 6, wherein in the step 3, the height is higherLongitudinal wave velocity v of core sample before injection of pressurized fluidp0Comprises the following steps:
where l is the initial length of the core sample, Δ l is the amount of displacement of the core sample, Δ tp0The time taken for the longitudinal wave signal to be transmitted from the longitudinal wave transmitter to be received by the longitudinal wave receiver;
transverse wave velocity v of core sample before high-pressure fluid injections0Comprises the following steps:
in the formula,. DELTA.ts0The time taken for the longitudinal wave signal to be transmitted from the longitudinal wave transmitter to the longitudinal wave receiver.
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| CN117451527A (en) * | 2023-12-25 | 2024-01-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device and method for measuring influence of effective stress on occurrence state of hydrate |
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