CN111196870A - 一种低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111196870A
CN111196870A CN201811371633.8A CN201811371633A CN111196870A CN 111196870 A CN111196870 A CN 111196870A CN 201811371633 A CN201811371633 A CN 201811371633A CN 111196870 A CN111196870 A CN 111196870A
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王万金
赖振峰
王靖
朱乐
孔韬
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Beijing Building Construction Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料的制备方法，包含的组份及各组份的重量含量为：A组分：二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯 40～70份、聚醚多元醇A 30～60份；B组分：聚醚多元醇B 65～80份、端氨基硅氧烷低聚物2～8份、扩链剂2～8份、耐磨填料 2～20份、抗氧剂0.1～3份、消泡剂0.1～3份、有机铋催化剂0.3～2份。该聚氨酯软质模衬材料由于引入端氨基硅氧烷低聚物组分，使得聚氨酯分子中含有低表面能硅氧烷侧链，提高材料的疏水性，降低水泥基材料与聚氨酯的粘附性。聚氨酯软质模衬中添加了耐磨填料，能够提高软质模衬的耐磨性和耐热性，有效解决了聚氨酯软质模衬材料在装配式建筑、装饰混凝土及水泥基材料应用中的蒸氧问题，蒸氧温度可高达80℃，翻模次数大于100次。

Description

一种低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及装饰混凝土用软质模衬材料，特别涉及一种低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料的制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国城镇化建设和装配式建筑的大力发展，对城市建设提出了绿色、节能、环保的要求，同时由于目前我国城市建设陷入“千城一面”的局面，如何解决这一问题，一方面依赖于建筑设计理念、设计造型及使用功能等方面的创新、发展，另一方面又依靠于建筑新材料及技术的革新、突破。
随着环境保护、资源节约、可持续发展的不断要求，越来越多的建筑师及设计师用跨界思维认同和使用装饰混凝土，越来越多的装饰混凝土产品以百变的身影陆续进入人们生活的更多领域。装饰混凝土作为现代城市建设的一种新型建筑材料，随着其创意设计、产品研发、制作工艺及技术的快速发展，其产品品种、外在表现形式，内在物理力学性能，节能利废能力都有了新的提升。
在装饰混凝土施工中，尤其是复杂造型混凝土，模板是施工中的关键点，决定着装饰混凝土表面装饰效果、施工质量的高低。目前通常采用木胶合板来制作模板，但是此种材料在应用实践中存在着比较多的问题。因为模板夹板材料各异，稍有不留意，施工过程中都会严重影响装饰混凝土性能，即会出现建筑整体饰面色彩不均，色差严重，对建筑工程的观赏性产生了非常大的影响。胶合板应用一段时间之后，混凝土由于受到外界环境的影响，磨损严重，此时胶合板厚度会发生明显的异常，连接位置时常会出现错边，严重影响了施工质量。
硅橡胶是一种用途十分广泛的模具专用材料，具有良好的弹性和仿真性、强度和低收缩率。模具制作方法简单易行, 可以在常温下固化。硅橡胶模具具对凸凹部分浇注成型后, 也可直接取出。但在使用过程中，易存在重复脱模次数少、大尺寸模具变形、尺寸稳定性保持较差，不耐高温蒸氧等缺点，严重限制了其在混凝土制品中的使用。聚氨酯弹性体材料具有优异的耐磨性、强度高、弹性好、断裂伸长率大，并且在高、低温下仍能保持优异的性能，加工成型方便等优点，可作为混凝土模具衬材使用。本专利旨在开发一种具有低硬度高耐磨、耐高温蒸氧和长寿命的聚氨酯模衬材料，解决复杂造型装饰混凝土成型尺寸稳定性、耐磨性、耐80℃高温蒸氧等难题，降低混凝土与聚氨酯模衬材料的粘附性，易于脱模。
发明内容
基于上述技术所存在的问题，本发明实施例提供一种低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料的制备方法，以解决聚氨酯材料的低硬度高耐磨性和降低粘附性等问题。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现：
本发明提供的一种低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料，按照质量份数其原料组成为：A组分：二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯 40～70份、聚醚多元醇A 30～60份；B组分：聚醚多元醇B 65～80份、端氨基硅氧烷低聚物2～8份、扩链剂2～8份、耐磨填料 2～20份、抗氧剂0.1～3份、消泡剂0.1～3份、有机铋催化剂0.3～2份。
进一步地，本发明所述的聚醚多元醇A 为数均分子量为1000-6000的聚氧化丙烯二醇；聚醚多元醇B为数均分子量为1500-6000，聚氧化丙烯三醇。A，B组分异氰酸酯指数比为1.05。
本发明所述的端氨基硅氧烷低聚物为数均分子量为300-2000的端氨丙基聚二甲基硅烷低聚物。
本发明所述的扩链剂为MOCA、1，4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、乙二醇、1，3-丙二醇、1，2-丙二醇或戊二醇中的一种或多种。
本发明A，B组分异氰酸酯指数比为1.05。A、B组分加热至25-50℃，按比例混合均匀后，25-60℃条件下固化后，所得低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料的密度为0.95-1.2g/cm3，撕裂强度大于35KN•m-1。
本发明所制得的模衬材料与水泥基材料粘附力小，可进行80℃蒸氧，翻模次数可大于100次。
该低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料的制备原理为：聚氨酯弹性体材料存在着软段和硬段相区，本身是一种多相体系，通过调整软硬段的比例，可得到不同低硬度的聚氨酯软质模衬材料。该聚氨酯材料由于引入端氨基硅氧烷低聚物组分，使得聚氨酯分子中含有低表面能硅氧烷侧链，提高材料的疏水性，降低水泥基材料与聚氨酯的粘附性。聚氨酯软质模衬中添加了耐磨填料，能够提高软质模衬的耐磨性和耐热性，有效解决了聚氨酯软质模衬材料在装配式建筑、装饰混凝土及水泥基材料应用中的蒸氧问题，提高材料使用寿命。
本发明的优点在于：
本发明产品具有良好的耐磨性和耐热性，较低的粘附性，易脱模形成混凝土光滑面，有效解决模衬材料的耐久性问题。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
A组分：称取聚醚多元醇A（数均分子量为1000，2官能度）48.0kg于反应器中，升温至105℃，在-0.09MPa真空条件下脱水2h。降温至65℃，加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯52.0kg，于80℃，氮气保护下混合3h，检测NCO基团含量为13.1％后出料，并密封保存。
B组分：分别称取聚醚多元醇B（数均分子量为6000，3官能度）72.0kg、端氨丙基聚二甲基硅烷低聚物（数均分子量为500，2官能度）6.0Kg、乙二醇2.0kg、氧化铝15.0kg于反应器中，升温至105℃，在-0.09MPa真空条件下脱水2h。降温至65℃，加入抗氧剂1010 1.0kg、消泡剂2.5kg和有机铋催化剂1.5kg，搅拌0.5h后过滤出料，并密封保存。
A、B组分加热至30℃，按照异氰酸酯指数为1.05比例高速混合均匀后，45℃条件下固化后得到低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料。硬度42邵A，密度1.12g/cm3，撕裂强度35.8KN•m-1。
实施例2：
A组分：称取聚醚多元醇A（数均分子量为2000，2官能度）58.0kg于反应器中，升温至105℃，在-0.09MPa真空条件下脱水2h。降温至65℃，加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯42.0kg，于80℃，氮气保护下混合3h，检测NCO基团含量为11.3％后出料，并密封保存。
B组分：分别称取聚醚多元醇B（数均分子量为5000，3官能度）75.0kg、端氨丙基聚二甲基硅烷低聚物（数均分子量为800，2官能度）5.0Kg、MOCA 3.0kg、二氧化硅12.0kg于反应器中，升温至105℃，在-0.09MPa真空条件下脱水2h。降温至65℃，加入抗氧剂10101.5kg、消泡剂2.5kg和有机铋催化剂1.0kg，搅拌0.5h后过滤出料，并密封保存。
A、B组分加热至35℃，按照异氰酸酯指数为1.05比例高速混合均匀后，50℃条件下固化后得到低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料。硬度35邵A，密度1.10g/cm3，撕裂强度37.2KN•m-1。
实施例3：
A组分：称取聚醚多元醇A（数均分子量为4000，2官能度）62.0kg于反应器中，升温至105℃，在-0.09MPa真空条件下脱水2h。降温至65℃，加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯38.0kg，于80℃，氮气保护下混合3h，检测NCO基团含量为11.2％后出料，并密封保存。
B组分：分别称取聚醚多元醇B（数均分子量为5000，3官能度）76.0kg、端氨丙基聚二甲基硅烷低聚物（数均分子量为600，2官能度）6.0Kg、1，4-丁二醇 3.0kg、二氧化钼10.0kg于反应器中，升温至105℃，在-0.09MPa真空条件下脱水2h。降温至65℃，加入抗氧剂1010 2.0kg、消泡剂2.0kg和有机铋催化剂1.0kg，搅拌0.5h后过滤出料，并密封保存。
A、B组分加热至30℃，按照异氰酸酯指数为1.05比例高速混合均匀后，35℃条件下固化后得到低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料。硬度38邵A，密度1.12g/cm3，撕裂强度36.8KN•m-1。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下质量份的原料：
A组分：
二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯 40～70份
聚醚多元醇A 30～60份
B组分：
聚醚多元醇 B 65～80份
端氨基硅氧烷低聚物 2～8份
扩链剂 2～8份
耐磨填料 2～20份
抗氧剂 0.1～3份
消泡剂 0.1～3份
有机铋催化剂 0.3～2份
其中：聚醚多元醇A 为数均分子量为1000-6000的聚氧化丙烯二醇；聚醚多元醇B为数均分子量为1500-6000的聚氧化丙烯三醇；端氨基硅氧烷低聚物为数均分子量为300-2000的端氨丙基聚二甲基硅烷低聚物；A，B组分异氰酸酯指数比为1.05。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述扩链剂为MOCA、1，4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、乙二醇、1，3-丙二醇、1，2-丙二醇或戊二醇中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述耐磨填料为石墨、氧化铝、氧化锌、二氧化钼、二氧化硅或陶瓷粉中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料的制备方法，其特征在于，A、B组分加热至25-50℃，按比例高速混合均匀后，25-60℃条件下固化后，所得低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料的密度为0.95-1.2g/cm3，撕裂强度大于35KN•m-1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的低硬度高耐磨聚氨酯软质模衬材料在装配式建筑、装饰混凝土及水泥基材料中的应用，所制得的模衬材料与水泥基材料粘附力小，可进行80℃蒸氧，翻模次数可大于100次。
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