CN111196776B - 氰基亚胺取代芘类衍生物及其合成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种α-氰基亚胺取代芘类衍生物及其合成方法。
背景技术
芘(Pyrene)是一种非常有价值的有机化合物,因其具有良好的光电活性而被广泛应用于有机功能材料领域中。1837年,Laurent在残留的煤焦油蒸馏物中发现了稠环芳烃芘(Chemical Reviews,2011,111,7260),他的这一开创性工作,使芘成为了多方面研究的热点。之后,在1954年,和Kasper在芘溶液中首次观察到分子间激基缔合物(TheJournal of Society of Dyers and Colourists,1963,79,229),此激基缔合物具有长的激发态寿命和高的荧光量子产率,与单体有着异常不同的荧光发射峰,而且它的激发光谱对微环境改变非常敏感,这使芘广泛应用于微环境荧光分子探针方面的研究。在过去五十年里,人们利用芘的荧光性质来探究水溶性聚合物,使芘成为目前在聚合物荧光标记中最常使用的染料(Zeitschriftfür Elektrochemie,1955,59,976)。芘的标记功能不仅在蛋白质和多肽的结构研究上有广泛应用,在DNA识别(The Journal of American ChemistrySociety,1997,119,5451)和脂质膜(Biochemistry,1987,26,5943)方面的研究也有大量应用。芘及其衍生物的激基缔合物荧光还可以还用来检测环境参数,例如温度、压力或者pH值。通过对芘不同位置的化学修饰可以对其分子结构和堆积加以调控,降低分子间堆积,提高材料的发光效率,这也是设计和调节芘基材料的一个关键因素。
α-氰基亚胺是一类有价值的合成中间体,其结构如下:
α-氰基亚胺官能团是一个强吸电子基,当它与多环芳烃相连时,它可以改变芳香烃的电子云密度,使得芳环的电性发生改变,改变分子的HOMO和LUMO能级;芳烃相连的亚胺可以形成席夫碱,使得氰基亚胺的稳定性得到提高,α-氰基亚胺对高温(大于100℃)和水非常稳定;亚胺上氮原子的取代基是可以调节,因此可以通过对取代基的调控实现对固体堆积进行调节;氰基亚胺中亚胺的双键可以和芳香环发生共轭,增加p电子数,使得芳香烃的紫外最大吸收波长发生红移,进而改变芳烃的光电效应。因此,通过α-氰基亚胺对多环芳烃进行修饰的具有重要的意义。
目前研究较多的是α-氰基亚胺的化学转化研究较多,其可以转化为酰胺、三唑等官能团,然而,用将其应用到有机功能材料性质进性质调控中尚无报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种氰基亚胺取代芘类衍生物,本发明化合物是在重要有机功能材料芘的骨架上通过有机合成方法引入各种取代的氰基亚胺结构,以调节其发光性质。
本发明的目的之二在于提供该衍生物的制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的反应机理为:
合成方法(1):
合成方法(2):
其中,R为三级烷基取代基。
根据上述反应机理,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一类氰基亚胺取代基芘类衍生物,其特征在于该衍生物的结构式为:
其中,R=乙基、异丙基、环己基、叔丁基、叔戊基或苯基。
一种制备上述的氰基亚胺取代基芘类衍生物的方法,其特征在于该方法的具体步骤为:将醛取代的芘、碘单质和胺溶于N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺中,60~150℃搅拌反应至反应完全,再向体系中加入三甲基氰硅烷,60~120℃搅拌至反应完全;冷却至室温,加入1M NaOH溶液,乙酸乙酯萃取产物,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后,去掉溶剂,得粗产物,该粗产物经提纯得到-氰基亚胺取代基芘类衍生物;所述的醛基取代芘:碘单质:胺:三甲基氰硅烷摩尔比为1.0:0.2:8:4~1.0:0.1:8:4;所述的醛取代的芘的结构式为:所述的胺的结构式为:RNH2,其中R为乙基、异丙基、环己基、叔丁基、叔戊基或苯基等。
一种制备上述的氰基亚胺取代基芘类衍生物的方法,其特征在于该方法的具有如下步骤:在惰性气氛,将卤代芘、叔丁基异腈、氯化钯、三环己基磷和碳酸铯按摩尔比1.0:6.0:0.2:0.4:4.0~1.0:4.0:0.1:0.2:4.0的比例加入无水DMF溶液中,100~150℃搅拌反应至反应完全,冷却至室温,加入水,用乙酸乙酯萃取有机物,饱和食盐水洗涤有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥后去掉溶剂,得粗产物,该粗产物经分离提纯,即得所述的氰基亚胺取代基芘类衍生物;所述的卤代芘的结构式为:其中X=Cl,Br,I;所述的叔丁基异腈的结构式为:t-BuNC。
上述的氰基亚胺取代基芘类衍生物的应用,其特征在于该类衍生物在250~400nm紫外光的激发下,在溶液状态下中不具有发光性质,在四氢呋喃和水的混合溶液中发出波长为500-650nm的荧光。
本发明利用紫外可见分光光度计研究了上述化合物的紫外-可见吸收光谱;使用荧光光谱仪研究了其溶液的发射光谱,并在其溶液中加入一定比例的水(有机溶剂和水的比例为10:0~1:9),研究其荧光光谱的强度及位置的变化;研究其固体的发射光谱。通过单晶X衍射对其固体结构进行了分析,通过循环伏安法研究其电化学性质。上所述的α-氰基亚胺取代基的芘衍生物具有聚集诱导的发光性质。其特征在于:250~400nm紫外光的激发下,该类化合物在溶液状态下(溶剂包括四氢呋喃,二氯甲烷,氯仿等)中不具有发光性质,但其四氢呋喃溶液加入水后发出强烈的荧光,发光波长为500-650nm,其固体也具有较强的发光性质。
芘及其衍生物是一类非常重要的发光材料,聚集诱导发光效应近年来已被广泛应用到发光器件、生物成像、传感等科技前沿领域。本发明首次将氰基亚胺官能团应用到有机功能材料性能调控中,提供了一类全新的含有α-氰基亚胺取代基的芘衍生物,该类化合物具有显著的聚集诱导发光现象。本专利采用的合成方法操作简便、产率较高。α-氰基亚胺取代的引入有效降低了分子间的π-π堆积,防止了荧光淬灭;亚胺双键与芳香环发生共轭,使得该类化合物的吸收和发射光谱发生了较大幅度的红移。该类化合物在有机发光器件、生物成像、传感领域具有重要的应用价值。
附图说明
图1是当R为叔丁基的化合物的1a紫外吸收光谱图(c=2×10-5M in THF);
图2是当R为叔丁基的化合物1a的固体荧光吸收光谱图;
图3是当R为叔丁基的化合物1a的有机溶剂和水混合溶液的荧光光谱图(in THF/H2O);
图4是当R为叔丁基时化合物1a的循环伏安曲线图;in CH2Cl2 containing 0.10MTBAP,扫描速度为100mV/s;
图5是当R为叔丁基时化合物1a的单晶结构及堆积图。
具体实施方式
实施例一:1,6-二叔丁基(α-氰基亚胺)芘化合物(1a)
1,6-二叔丁基(α-氰基亚胺)芘化合物采用下述步骤:在15ML封管中加入1.5mL无水DMF,10mg碘单质,51.6mg 1,6-二醛芘,116mg叔丁胺,加热至80℃,用薄层层析方法跟踪反应,至反应原料消失;向体系中加入80mg三甲基氰硅烷,80℃搅拌,用薄层层析方法跟踪反应,直至上一步反应的产物消失,停止加热,恢复至室温。向反应体系中加入30毫升1M氢氧化钠溶液,乙酸乙酯萃取产物(20毫升×3次),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后用旋转蒸发仪去掉溶剂,得粗产物,粗产物经20毫升甲醇重结晶,得到所述的1,6-二叔丁基(α-氰基亚胺)芘化合物54.5毫克,产率65%。熔点:197-200℃;IR(KBr,cm-1):2966,2925,1603,1567,1462,1362,1253,1202,1029,842;1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ8.97-8.95(d,J=9.3Hz,2H),8.43-8.41(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.32-8.31(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.24-8.22(d,J=9.3Hz,2H),1.75(s,18H);13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz):δ137.79,132.48,130.62,129.24,129.10,127.63,125.57,125.47,124.91,113.13,59.99,29.68;EI-MS m/z:419.22[M+H]+;HRMS(EI)m/z:calcd for C28H27N4[M+H]+419.2230,found 419.2230.
实施例二:4,9-二叔丁基(α-氰基亚胺)芘化合物(1b)
4,9-二叔丁基(α-氰基亚胺)芘化合物采用下述步骤:在氮气气氛下,向15mL封管中加入2mL无水DMF溶液,72mg 4,9-二溴芘,7mg氯化钯,22.4mg三环己基磷,260mg碳酸铯,1粒分子筛,100.8mg叔丁基异腈,加热至135℃,12小时后,用薄层层析方法检测原料消失,恢复至室温,加入30毫升水,乙酸乙酯萃取(30毫升×3次),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后用旋转蒸发仪去掉溶剂,得粗产物,该粗产物经柱色谱(PE:EA=100:1)分离得到所述的4,9-二叔丁基(α-氰基亚胺)芘化合物18.2毫克,产率21%.熔点:227-229℃;IR(KBr,cm-1):2966,2926,2862,1586,1259,1209,1096,1024,876,802;1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ9.31-9.30(dd,J=8.1Hz,2H),8.65(s,2H),8.40-8.38(dd,J=7.7Hz,2H),8.16-8.13(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),1.76(s,18H);13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz):δ137.67,132.69,131.25,129.71,127.92,127.47,127.12,125.87,125.81,112.68,59.73,29.62;EI-MS m/z:419.22[M+H]+;HRMS(EI)m/z:calcd for C28H27N4[M+H]+419.2234,found 419.2230.
实施例三:1-叔丁基(α-氰基亚胺)芘化合物(1c)
1-叔丁基(α-氰基亚胺)芘化合物采用下述步骤:在氮气气氛下,向15mL封管中加入2mL无水DMF溶液,66mg 1-碘芘,3.54mg氯化钯,11.2mg三环己基磷,130mg碳酸铯,1粒分子筛,50.4mg叔丁基异腈,加热至135℃,12小时后,用薄层层析方法检测原料消失,恢复至室温,加入30毫升水,乙酸乙酯萃取(30毫升×3次),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后用旋转蒸发仪去掉溶剂,得粗产物,粗产物经柱色谱分离(PE:EA=20:1)得到所述的1-叔丁基(α-氰基亚胺)芘化合物21.7毫克,产率35%。熔点:113-114℃;IR(KBr,cm-1):3039,2967,1575,1462,1365,1190,833,686;1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ8.92-8.91(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.39-8.37(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.28-8.22(m,4H),8.19-8.17(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.11-8.07(m,2H),1.76(s,9H);13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz):δ138.05,133.25,131.31,130.72,129.56,129.51,129.42,129.07,127.32,127.24,126.57,126.41,126.08,125.25,124.66,124.47,123.75,113.23,59.76,29.70;EI-MS m/z:311.15[M+H]+;HRMS(EI)m/z:calcd for C22H19N2[M+H]+311.1542,found 311.1543.
实施例四:2,7-二叔丁基(α-氰基亚胺)芘化合物(1d)
2,7-二叔丁基(α-氰基亚胺)芘化合物采用下述步骤:在氮气气氛下,向15mL封管中加入2mL无水DMF溶液,72mg 2,7-二碘芘,7.08mg氯化钯,22.4mg三环己基磷,260mg碳酸铯,1粒分子筛,100.8mg叔丁基异腈,加热至135℃,12小时后,用薄层层析方法检测原料消失,恢复至室温,加入30毫升水,乙酸乙酯萃取(30毫升×3次),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后用旋转蒸发仪去掉溶剂,得粗产物,粗产物经柱色谱分离(PE:EA=40:1–20:1)得到所述的2,7-二叔丁基(α-氰基亚胺)芘化合物,36毫克,产率43%。熔点:198-199℃;IR(KBr,cm-1):2970,2931,1596,1463,1369,1171,1046,887,799,721;1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ8.82(s,4H),8.21(s,4H),1.68(s,18H);13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz):δ137.10,133.32,131.65,128.65,125.90,123.74,112.08,59.05,29.03;EI-MS m/z:419.22[M+H]+;HRMS(EI)m/z:calcd for C21H27N4[M+H]+419.2230,found 419.2237.
Claims (4)
2.一种制备根据权利要求1所述的氰基亚胺取代基芘类衍生物的方法,其特征在于该方法的具体步骤为:将醛取代芘、碘单质和胺溶于N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,60 ~ 150℃搅拌反应至反应完全,再向体系中加入三甲基氰硅烷,60 ~ 120℃搅拌至反应完全;冷却至室温,加入1 M NaOH溶液,乙酸乙酯萃取产物,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后,去掉溶剂,得粗产物,该粗产物经提纯得到氰基亚胺取代基芘类衍生物;所述的醛取代芘:碘单质:胺:三甲基氰硅烷摩尔比为1.0 : 0.2 : 8 : 4 ~ 1.0 : 0.1 : 8 : 4;所述的醛取代芘的结构式为:;所述的胺的结构式为:RNH2,其中R为乙基、异丙基、环己基、叔丁基、叔戊基或苯基。
4.一种根据权利要求1所述的氰基亚胺取代基芘类衍生物的应用,其特征在于该类衍生物在250~400 nm紫外光的激发下,在溶液状态下不具有发光性质,在四氢呋喃和水的混合溶液中发出波长为500-650 nm的荧光。
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