CN111187290B - 一种环境友好型离子液体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种环境友好型离子液体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种环境友好型新型离子液体及其制备方法和应用。所述离子液体的结构式如通式(1)所示。本发明制备的离子液体，制备过程简单，原料成本低，对环境友好。制备的离子液体中不含有硫、磷或卤素，对环境表现其友好性。制备的离子液体可作为添加剂应用于润滑油中，具有优异的抗磨减摩性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学合成领域，具体涉及一种环境友好型离子液体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
离子液体在室温或室温附近温度下呈液态，完全由正负离子构成。其具有不易燃易爆、熔点低、挥发性低、抗氧化性好和热稳定性高等优点，再加上离子液体的“可设计性”，将功能基团引入到离子液体的离子中，可以使其功能化。
润滑油是用在各种汽车、机械设备来减少摩擦损耗，保护机械及加工件的液体或半固体的润滑剂，主要起润滑、防锈、密封和缓冲等作用。目前的润滑油中，添加剂主要含有硫、磷、氯等元素，对环境造成污染，不符合环境友好型的理念，同时在摩擦过程中因瞬时高温高压生成的化合物润滑膜，使其硬和脆，导致在摩擦过程中不断脱落，不仅使摩擦效果降低还腐蚀了机械硬件。因此，开发一种环境友好型添加剂具有重大意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种环境友好型新型离子液体，可作为添加剂应用于润滑油中。
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种环境友好型新型离子液体，所述环境友好型新型离子液体具有如(1)所示的结构通式：
其中，R表示氢原子或烷基；
R1表示氢原子、酯基、氨基、羟基、烷基氨基或烷基羟基；
R2表示甲基、苯甲基、苯基或羰基。
优选的，上述的环境友好型新型离子液体，R为甲基，R1为酯基，R2为苯基。
优选的，上述的环境友好型新型离子液体，R为丁基，R1为酯基，R2为苯基。
优选的，上述的环境友好型新型离子液体，R为丁基，R1为-CH2OH，R2为苯基。
优选的，上述的环境友好型新型离子液体，R为丁基，R1为酯基，R2为苯甲基：
环境友好型新型离子液体的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)阳离子的合成：将咪唑类衍生物和氯酸酯或2-溴乙醇或2-溴乙胺氢溴酸盐溶于丙酮中，氮气保护下加热回流8-14h，旋蒸除去丙酮和剩余的氯酸酯或2-溴乙醇或2-溴乙胺氢溴酸盐，得氯或溴代阳离子，干燥备用；
2)阴离子的合成：将碳酸锂，硼酸和羟基酸类物质加入到蒸馏水中，将反应体系升温至60℃，反应6-12h，得阴离子溶液；
3)将步骤1)所得氯或溴代阳离子加至步骤2)所得阴离子溶液中，常温反应3-12h，所得产物用二氯甲烷萃取，旋蒸除去二氯甲烷，干燥，得目标产物离子液体。
优选的，上述的制备方法，按摩尔比，咪唑类衍生物:氯酸酯或2-溴乙醇或2-溴乙胺氢溴酸盐＝1:1.2-1.5。
优选的，上述的制备方法，按摩尔比，碳酸锂:硼酸:羟基酸类化合物＝1:2:4。
优选的，上述的制备方法，所述咪唑类衍生物是烷基咪唑。
优选的，上述的制备方法，所述羟基酸类化合物是水杨酸、甲基水杨酸、苯基乙醇酸或乙二酸。
本发明的有益效果是：
1.本发明制备的离子液体，制备过程简单，原料成本低，对环境友好。
2.本发明制备的离子液体不含有硫、磷或卤素，对环境表现其友好性。
3.本发明制备的离子液体可作为添加剂应用于润滑油中，具有优异的抗磨减摩性能。
4.本发明制备的离子液体只添加0.5wt％～3.0wt％于基础润滑油中即可，添加量少，降低成本。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例，对本发明做进一步的详细说明，所描述实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例，凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的保护范围。
一种环境友好型新型离子液体，具有如(1)所示的结构通式：
其中，R表示氢原子或烷基；
R1表示氢原子、酯基、氨基、羟基、烷基氨基或烷基羟基；
R2表示甲基、苯甲基、苯基或羰基。
一种环境友好型新型离子液体的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)阳离子的合成：按摩尔比，咪唑类衍生物:氯酸酯或2-溴乙醇或2-溴乙胺氢溴酸盐＝1:1.2-1.5，将咪唑类衍生物和氯酸酯或2-溴乙醇或2-溴乙胺氢溴酸盐溶于丙酮中，氮气保护下加热回流8-14h，旋蒸除去丙酮和剩余的氯酸酯或2-溴乙醇或2-溴乙胺氢溴酸盐，得氯或溴代阳离子，干燥备用。
优选的，按摩尔比，咪唑类衍生物:氯酸酯或2-溴乙醇或2-溴乙胺氢溴酸盐＝1:1.2-1.5。
优选的，所述咪唑类衍生物是烷基咪唑。更优选的，所述烷基咪唑为甲基咪唑或丁基咪唑。
优选的，氯酸酯为氯乙酸甲酯。
2)阴离子的合成：按摩尔比，碳酸锂:硼酸:羟基酸类化合物＝1:2:4，先将碳酸锂，硼酸和羟基酸类物质加入到蒸馏水中，将反应体系升温至60℃，6-12h反应至均相，停止反应，得阴离子水溶液。
优选的，所述羟基酸类化合物是水杨酸、甲基水杨酸、苯基乙醇酸或乙二酸。
3)将步骤1)所得氯或溴代阳离子加至步骤2)所得阴离子水溶液中，常温反应3-12h，所得产物用二氯甲烷萃取，旋蒸除去二氯甲烷，干燥，得目标产物离子液体。
实施例1
(一)一种环境友好型新型离子液体，制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)阳离子的合成：将甲基咪唑(0.82g，0.010mol)，氯乙酸甲酯(1.24g，0.012mol)和丙酮加入到三口烧瓶中，氮气保护下加热回流8h，停止反应，所得产物旋蒸除去溶剂丙酮和多余的氯乙酸甲酯，得中间产物氯代阳离子，干燥备用。
2)阴离子的合成：先将碳酸锂(0.74g，0.01mol)，硼酸(1.24g，0.02mol)和入水杨酸(5.52g，0.04mol)加入到烧瓶中，加入蒸馏水作为溶剂，将反应体系升温至60℃，反应6h，至均相，停止反应，得阴离子水溶液。
3)将步骤1)所得氯代阳离子缓慢加至步骤2)所得阴离子水溶液中，常温反应3h，所得产物用二氯甲烷萃取，旋蒸除去二氯甲烷，干燥，得目标产物离子液体结构式如下：
(二)应用
将制备的离子液体以1.0wt％添加于GTL430基础油中，表现出优异的溶解性能，通过四球摩擦磨损试验机实验，钢球材质GCR15，直径为12.7mm，硬度为63，试验条件为：载荷为147N，温度为75℃、时间为60min、转速为1200r/min。结果如表1。
表1
由表1可见，未添加离子液体的GTL430中的平均摩擦系数为0.097，磨斑直径为0.691。与纯基础油相比，添加了本发明制备的离子液体的GTL430，减摩和抗磨效果显著提高。
实施例2
一种环境友好型新型离子液体，制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)阳离子的合成：将丁基咪唑(1.24g，0.010mol)，氯乙酸甲酯(1.24g，0.012mol)和丙酮加入到三口烧瓶中，氮气保护下加热回流10h，停止反应，所得产物旋蒸除去溶剂丙酮和多余的氯乙酸甲酯，得中间产物氯代阳离子，干燥备用。
2)阴离子的合成：先将碳酸锂(0.74g，0.01mol)，硼酸(1.24g，0.02mol)和入水杨酸(5.52g，0.04mol)加入到烧瓶中，加入蒸馏水作为溶剂，将反应体系升温至60℃，反应6h，至均相，停止反应，得阴离子水溶液。
3)将步骤1)所得氯代阳离子缓慢加至步骤2)所得阴离子水溶液中，常温反应8h，所得产物用二氯甲烷萃取，旋蒸除去二氯甲烷，干燥，得目标产物离子液体，结构式如下：
实施例3
一种环境友好型新型离子液体，制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)阳离子的合成：将丁基咪唑(1.24g，0.01mol)，2-溴乙醇(1.50g，0.12mol)和丙酮加入到三口烧瓶中，氮气保护下加热回流14h，停止反应，所得产物旋蒸除去溶剂丙酮和多余的2-溴乙醇，得中间产物溴代阳离子，干燥备用。
2)阴离子的合成：先将碳酸锂(0.74g，0.01mol)，硼酸(1.24g，0.02mol)和入水杨酸(5.52g，0.04mol)加入到烧瓶中，加入蒸馏水作为溶剂，将反应体系升温至60℃，反应6h，至均相，停止反应，得阴离子水溶液。
3)将步骤1)所得溴代阳离子缓慢加至步骤2)所得阴离子水溶液中，常温反应10h，所得产物用二氯甲烷萃取，旋蒸除去二氯甲烷，干燥，得目标产物离子液体，结构式如下：
实施例4
一种环境友好型新型离子液体，制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)阳离子的合成：将丁基咪唑(1.24g，0.010mol)，氯乙酸甲酯(1.24g，0.12mol)和丙酮加入到三口烧瓶中，氮气保护下加热回流10h，停止反应，所得产物旋蒸除去溶剂丙酮和多余的氯乙酸甲酯，得中间产物氯代阳离子，干燥备用。
2)阴离子的合成：先将碳酸锂(0.74g，0.01mol)，硼酸(1.24g，0.02mol)和甲基水杨酸(6.08g，0.04mol)加入到烧瓶中，加入蒸馏水作为溶剂，将反应体系升温至60℃，反应12h，至均相，停止反应，得阴离子水溶液。
3)将步骤1)所得氯代阳离子缓慢加至步骤2)所得阴离子水溶液中，常温反应12h，所得产物用二氯甲烷萃取，旋蒸除去二氯甲烷，干燥，得目标产物离子液体。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种环境友好型离子液体，其特征在于，所述环境友好型离子液体具有如下的结构式：
或 
、
或
。
2.权利要求1所述的环境友好型离子液体的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1）阳离子的合成：将咪唑类衍生物和氯酸酯溶于丙酮中，氮气保护下加热回流8-14h，旋蒸，得氯代阳离子，干燥备用；
2）阴离子的合成：将碳酸锂，硼酸和羟基类酸性物质加入到蒸馏水中，常温搅拌至溶解，将反应体系升温至60℃，反应6-12h，得阴离子水溶液；所述羟基类酸性物质是水杨酸或甲基水杨酸；
3）将步骤1）所得氯代阳离子加至步骤2）所得阴离子水溶液中，常温反应3-12h，所得产物用二氯甲烷萃取，旋蒸除去二氯甲烷，干燥，得目标产物离子液体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，按摩尔比，咪唑类衍生物:氯酸酯=1:1.2-1.5。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，按摩尔比，碳酸锂:硼酸: 羟基类酸性物质=1:2:4。
5.权利要求1所述的环境友好型离子液体作为添加剂在润滑油中的应用。
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