CN111184018B

CN111184018B - Rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111184018B
Application number: CN202010092505.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周广生; 蒯婕; 汪波; 刘永红; 傅廷栋
Original assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2020-02-14
Filing date: 2020-02-14
Publication date: 2021-04-20
Anticipated expiration: 2040-02-14
Also published as: CN111184018A

Abstract

The invention provides a rape chemical emasculation slow-release granule as well as a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: stirring and uniformly mixing 0.05-0.2% of active ingredients, 8.55-14.2% of carriers and 85.6-91.4% of water to obtain a phase A mixture; the active ingredient comprises tribenuron-methyl; stirring and uniformly mixing inorganic filler and organic filler to obtain a phase B mixture or stirring the inorganic filler to obtain the phase B mixture; and uniformly stirring the mixture of the phase A and the phase B, and granulating to obtain the product. The chemical male-killing granule is uniformly mixed with rape female parent seeds and simultaneously sown, and the active ingredient release period of the chemical male-killing granule covers the whole pollen development period of the rape female parent, so that the pollen of the female parent in the flowering period is aborted, and the chemical male-killing granule can be hybridized with the male parent to produce high-purity hybrid seeds. Simple and convenient operation, good male killing effect and strong stability, and can greatly reduce the influence of environmental climate.

Description

Rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules, in particular to rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The utilization of crop heterosis is one of the important ways to increase the yield per unit of crop. A large number of researches and production practices show that the rape has obvious heterosis, and the yield of the hybrid rape can be increased by more than 20 percent, so the research on the utilization of the heterosis of the rape is highly regarded. Heterosis utilization can be divided into two approaches of genetic type and physiological type heterosis utilization. The physiological heterosis utilization refers to that the sterility type generated by external factors such as illumination, temperature, chemistry and the like is used as female parent material and hybridized with male parent material with normal fertility to produce hybrid seeds for production. Wherein, the method of utilizing chemical agent to induce male sterility as female parent and produce hybrid seed with male parent material with normal fertility is the main method of utilizing physiological heterosis. The rape chemical male killing agent is one kind of special plant growth regulator, and can treat normally fertile crop variety in certain period of crop growth and development to block pollen development and form physiological sterility while has no or very little effect on female gamete and can inhibit self-pollination.

Compared with genetic sterility, the chemical hybrid production by chemical emasculation of rape has the following advantages: the method has the advantages that the female parent material has no special requirements, the operation is simple and convenient, the replacement and combination are realized, and the production and application speed of the variety is high; the parents are freely selected, rich germplasm resources can be fully utilized, and hybrid seeds with the advantages of high quality, high yield, disease resistance and the like are selected; and thirdly, the method can be used for assisting in removing the genetic sterile micro powder, improving the purity of the hybrid and improving the breeding efficiency. Therefore, the rape chemical male sterilant breeding can be used for quickly obtaining and producing the hybrid seeds with excellent properties such as high quality, high yield, stress resistance, disease resistance and the like.

The chemical emasculation retardant for rape widely used on rape mainly comprises methyl arsenate, sulfonylurea herbicides, sulfamic acid and the like, and all the chemical emasculation retardant needs to be sprayed on the leaf surface for 2 to 4 times in a specific period so as to achieve the effect of chemical emasculation. At present, in the production of rape chemical male-killing hybrid seeds, a method of manually spraying 2-3 times of chemical male-killing agent in a strict window period is adopted, labor and time are wasted, the influence of weather conditions such as rainfall, wind speed and the like is easily caused, and the male-killing effect stability is poor. The method adopting the slow-release granules can overcome the defects of influence of weather and labor and time consumption in spraying, but how to ensure that the slow-release granules can be simultaneously sown with rape seeds, the release period of active ingredients is adapted to the formation period of female chemical drugs of the rape to induce male sterility, the defect of labor and time consumption in manually spraying 2-3 times of chemical male-killing agents in a strict window period is overcome, and the male-killing effect and the stability are obviously improved to become technical difficulties.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects that the labor and the time are wasted and the staminate-killing effect stability is poor when the chemical staminate-killing agent is manually sprayed for 2-3 times in a strict window period in the prior art, and provides a rape chemical staminate-killing slow-release granule, a preparation method and application thereof. The method is simple and efficient, is simple and convenient to operate, can greatly reduce the influence of environmental climate, and has good male killing effect and strong stability.

The invention is realized by the following steps:

one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a preparation method of rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparing a phase A mixture: stirring and uniformly mixing 0.05-0.2% of active ingredients, 8.55-14.2% of carriers and 85.6-91.4% of water to obtain a phase A mixture, wherein the percentages are weight percentages; the active ingredient comprises tribenuron-methyl;

step 2, preparing a B-phase mixture: stirring and uniformly mixing inorganic filler and organic filler to obtain a phase B mixture or stirring the inorganic filler to obtain the phase B mixture; the inorganic filler is bentonite, and the organic filler is lignite humus;

step 3, mixing the phase A and the phase B according to a mass ratio of 1: 8-12, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules.

Preferably, the carrier in the step 1 comprises 0.5-2% (preferably 1%) of organic carrier, 8-12% (preferably 10%) of inorganic carrier and 0.05-0.2% (preferably 0.1%) of surfactant. The organic carrier comprises 500 ℃ phosphoric acid modified biochar BC500 or biochar BC300 prepared at 300 ℃; the inorganic carrier comprises clay mineral bentonite; the surfactant comprises cetyl trimethylammonium bromide.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the inorganic filler to the organic filler in the step 2 is 8-10: 1 (preferably 9: 1).

Preferably, the mass ratio of the mixture of the phase A and the phase B in the step 3 is 1: 10.

preferably, the grain diameter of the rape chemical male-killing slow-release granules after granulation in the step 3 is 2-5 mm.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide the rape chemical male killing slow-release granules prepared by the method.

The invention also aims to provide the application of the rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules in crop crossbreeding. The dosage of the rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules is 0.5-1.5 kg/mu; the rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules and rape seeds are applied simultaneously when being sowed.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a rape chemical male killing slow release granule which takes tribenuron-methyl as an active ingredient, adopts a slow release technology, loads the active ingredient by virtue of a carrier, and is prepared by adopting organic filler granulation, so that the male killing effect and stability of a male killing agent are improved, and slow and continuous administration can be realized in a soil environment. The rape chemical male killing slow release granule can be sown with female parent at the same time and has male killing effect, and is simple and efficient.

The invention discloses a chemical emasculation slow-release granule for rape, which is prepared by the following steps of firstly, uniformly mixing the active ingredient release period of the chemical emasculation slow-release granule with rape female parent seeds, then, sowing the mixture at the same time, and finally, carrying out hybridization on the active ingredient release period of the chemical emasculation slow-release granule and rape female parent seeds. In the existing production of rape chemical male-killing hybrid seeds, a method of manually spraying the chemical male-killing agent for 2-3 times in a strict window period is adopted, labor and time are wasted, the influence of weather conditions such as rainfall, wind speed and the like is easily caused, and the stability of male-killing effect is poor. The chemical male-killing granule disclosed by the invention is simultaneously sown with rape female parents, is light, simple and efficient, is simple and convenient to operate, can greatly reduce the influence of environmental climate, and is good in male-killing effect and strong in stability.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting thereof. The specific techniques or conditions not mentioned in the examples are all performed according to the literature in the field or the conventional technical means in the field.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a rape chemical emasculation slow-release granule, and a preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps of selecting 500 ℃ biochar (BC500) as an androgenic agent carrier, adding 1.0% of bentonite, adding 10.0% of bentonite, and adding 0.1% of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. Tribenuron-methyl in 0.1% and water in balance (88.8%) were added and stirred intermittently at room temperature for 24h overnight, this being a phase A mixture. The phase B mixture comprises inorganic filler bentonite and organic filler lignite humus, and the mass ratio of the inorganic filler to the organic filler is 9: 1. a and B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, uniformly mixing and stirring, granulating to obtain carbon-based tribenuron-methyl sustained-release preparation granules with the particle size of 2-5mm, and drying the granules at constant temperature of less than 50 ℃.

Example 2

The method comprises the following steps of selecting 500 ℃ biochar (BC500) as an androgenic agent carrier, adding 1.0% of bentonite, adding 10.0% of bentonite, and adding 0.1% of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. Tribenuron-methyl in 0.1% and water in balance (88.8%) were added and stirred intermittently at room temperature for 24h overnight, this being a phase A mixture. The phase B mixture comprises an inorganic filler bentonite. A and B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, uniformly mixing and stirring, granulating to obtain carbon-based tribenuron-methyl sustained-release preparation granules with the particle size of 2-5mm, and drying the granules at constant temperature of less than 50 ℃.

Example 3

the carrier of the male killing agent is selected to comprise biochar (BC300) at 300 ℃, the addition share of the biochar is 1.0 percent, the addition share of bentonite is 10.0 percent, and the addition share of a surfactant Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) is 0.1 percent. Tribenuron-methyl in 0.1% and water in balance (88.8%) were added and stirred intermittently at room temperature for 24h overnight, this being a phase A mixture. The phase B mixture comprises inorganic filler bentonite and organic filler lignite humus, and the mass ratio of the inorganic filler to the organic filler is 9: 1. a and B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, uniformly mixing and stirring, granulating to obtain carbon-based tribenuron-methyl sustained-release preparation granules with the particle size of 2-5mm, and drying the granules at constant temperature of less than 50 ℃.

Example 4

The carrier of the male killing agent is selected to comprise biochar (BC300) at 300 ℃, the addition share of the biochar is 1.0 percent, the addition share of bentonite is 10.0 percent, and the addition share of a surfactant Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) is 0.1 percent. Tribenuron-methyl in 0.1% and water in balance (88.8%) were added and stirred intermittently at room temperature for 24h overnight, this being a phase A mixture. The phase B mixture comprises an inorganic filler bentonite. A and B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, uniformly mixing and stirring, granulating to obtain carbon-based tribenuron-methyl sustained-release preparation granules with the particle size of 2-5mm, and drying the granules at constant temperature of less than 50 ℃.

Example 5

the carrier of the male killing agent is 500 ℃ biochar (BC500), the addition share of the carrier is 0.5 percent, the addition share of the bentonite is 8.0 percent, and the addition share of the surfactant Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) is 0.05 percent. Tribenuron-methyl in 0.05% and water in the balance (91.4%) are added and stirred intermittently at room temperature for 24h overnight, this is A. The filler is B and comprises inorganic filler bentonite and organic filler lignite humus, and the mass ratio of the inorganic filler to the organic filler is 8: 1. a and B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, uniformly mixing and stirring, granulating to obtain the carbon-based tribenuron-methyl sustained-release preparation granules with the grain diameter of 2-5mm, and drying the granules at the constant temperature of less than 50 ℃.

Example 6

the method comprises the following steps of selecting 500 ℃ biochar (BC500) as an androgenic agent carrier, adding 2% of bentonite, adding 12.0% of bentonite, and adding 0.2% of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. Adding tribenuron-methyl 0.2% and water (85.6%) and stirring intermittently at room temperature for 24h overnight, wherein A is obtained. The filler is B and comprises inorganic filler bentonite and organic filler lignite humus, and the mass ratio of the inorganic filler to the organic filler is 10: 1. a and B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, uniformly mixing and stirring, granulating to obtain the carbon-based tribenuron-methyl sustained-release preparation granules with the grain diameter of 2-5mm, and drying the granules at the constant temperature of less than 50 ℃.

Comparative example 1

The two female parent materials of Zhongshuang No. 11 and Huashuang No. 5 are independently sown without spacing male parents and applying a chemical emasculation slow-release granular preparation, and other management measures are the same as the application example 1.

Comparative example 2

the carrier of the male sterilant is selected to be bentonite with the addition proportion of 14.0 percent, and the surfactant Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) with the addition proportion of 0.2 percent. Tribenuron-methyl in 0.2% and water in balance (85.6%) were added and stirred intermittently at room temperature for 24h overnight, this being a phase A mixture. The phase B mixture comprises inorganic filler bentonite and organic filler lignite humus, and the mass ratio of the inorganic filler to the organic filler is 10: 1. a and B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, uniformly mixing and stirring, granulating to obtain the carbon-based tribenuron-methyl sustained-release preparation granules with the grain diameter of 2-5mm, and drying the granules at the constant temperature of less than 50 ℃.

Application example 1

In 28 th 9 th 2017, in a rape test base of Huazhong agriculture university in Wuhan city, Hubei province, two conventional rape varieties of Zhongshuang No. 11 and Huashuang No. 5 with normal fertility and golden yellow flower color are selected as maternal materials, and the two maternal materials are sowed by taking the conventional rape line 2017 plus 1188 with normal fertility, white flower color and similar growth period as a paternal material. In each treatment cell, the female parent materials are sowed in rows according to the proportion of 4 rows of female parent materials and 2 rows of male parent materials, and the row spacing is set to be 25 cm.

In sowing, the female parent in the sowing row were respectively prepared as examples 1-6, comparativeThe chemical emasculation slow-release granules with three different dosages (the weight of the slow-release granules is respectively 0.5 kg/mu, 1.0 kg/mu and 1.5 kg/mu, and the corresponding drug loading amounts are respectively 5.0 g/mu, 10.0 g/mu and 15.0 g/mu) of example 2 are respectively mixed with two female parent material seeds of Zhongshuang No. 11 and Huashuang No. 5 and then sowed simultaneously; and the 2017-1188 male parent material is not applied with any rape chemical male killing slow-release granules. Comparative example 1 was used as a control, i.e. two parent materials were sown separately and the rows were treated without any application of the chemical male-killing slow-release granules. A total of 56 treatments, 3 repetitions, 168 cells, cell area 10m². Before sowing, 40kg of compound fertilizer (15 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively) is applied per mu. The seedlings of the rapes are thinned at the three-leaf stage and fixed at the five-leaf stage, and the density is 2 ten thousand plants per mu. Other management is conventional. At the beginning of the flowering period of the rape, net nets are sleeved in all the communities, and bees are put in for pollination. At the final flowering stage, net canopy is removed and male parent material is removed. In the mature period of the silique development, the female parent material is harvested separately in each cell, and the seed yield is measured after threshing and drying in the sun, and the results are shown in table 1.

And on 26 th 9 th 2018, independently drilling rape seeds on the female parent plants harvested in each cell in a rape test base of China agriculture university in Wuhan City, Hubei province. The seeding specification is that the row spacing is 25cm and the row length is 2.0 m. 50 rape seeds are sown in each row, and 20 rows of rape seeds are sown in each cell. Applying compound fertilizer (15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively) to make base fertilizer 40 kg/mu before sowing, and after the rape seedlings emerge, the seedlings are not thinned and fixed, and other management is the same as conventional management. In the full-bloom period of the rape, the total number of rape plants, the number of yellow flower rape plants and the number of white flower rape plants in each 20 rows are respectively investigated, and the seed production purity of the rape is calculated by using the ratio of the number of yellow flower plants to the total number of plants, and the result is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 seed hybrid yield and purity using different emasculation sustained release granules

As can be seen from table 1, in wuhan Hubei, the two female parent materials of Zhongshuang No. 11 and Huashuang No. 5 all adopt a configuration mode of separating 4 rows of female parents from 2 rows of male parents, the grain yield after the male killing treatment of the female parents by the rape chemical male killing slow-release granules of the embodiments 1 to 6 can reach more than 130 kg/mu, and the yield is close to or exceeds more than 65% of the grain yield under the control condition (comparative example 1, namely, the two female parent materials of Zhongshuang No. 11 and Huashuang No. 5 are independently sown without separating the male parents and applying the chemical male killing granular preparation), which indicates that the grain yield of the rape chemical male killing slow-release granules in rape hybrid seed production can meet the yield requirement of seed production.

The white flower color of rape is dominant heredity. The white flower rape variety (strain) is used as a male parent and hybridized with the yellow flower rape as a female parent, the obtained filial generation seeds are sown, and the plant number of the yellow flower and white flower plants is respectively investigated in the flowering phase, if the white flower proportion is high, the seed production purity is high, otherwise, the seed production purity is low. The seed production purity indexes in table 1 show that, after the female parent is subjected to emasculation treatment by using the rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules in the embodiments 1-6, the female parent is hybridized with the white flower male parent material through bee pollination, the purity of the obtained hybrid progeny seeds is over 85 percent, and more treatment purities are higher than 90 percent, so that the purity requirement of hybrid rape seed production is met; and the purity of the seeds treated by the comparative example 2 with three dosages is lower than 85 percent, which does not meet the purity requirement of hybrid rape seed production.

The effect of example 1 is better than that of example 2, and the effect of example 3 is better than that of example 4. Examples 5 and 6 are respectively interval threshold values implemented by the patent, and field experiments show that the implementation effect under the three dosage conditions also meets the purity requirement of hybrid rape seed production.

In comparative example 2, under the condition of three dosages, the purity of the rape hybrid is lower than 85 percent, and the requirements of the rape hybrid are not met.

Application example 2

The test was carried out in 2018-2019 at the rape test base of the university of agriculture in Huazhong, Wuhan City, Hubei province. Selecting two normal rape varieties of Zhongshuang No. 11 and Huashuang No. 5 with normal fertility as test materials, using the treatment without applying the rape chemical emasculation sustained-release granules as a Control (CK), respectively using three different dosages (the sustained-release granule weights are respectively 0.5 kg/mu, 1.0 kg/mu and 1.5 kg/mu, and the corresponding medicament loads are respectively 5.0 g/mu, 10.0 g/mu and 15.0 g/mu) of the rape chemical emasculation sustained-release granules of the examples 1-6 and the comparative example 2 for carrying out plot tests, using the chemical emasculation sustained-release granules of the rape of Huashuang No. 5 and the No. 11 as a control, totaling 56 treatments, 3 times of repetition, 168 plots and 10m plot area²。

And in 2018, 20 days after 10 months, row cutting and drilling are carried out, the row spacing is set to be 25cm, and the row length is 2.0 m. The chemical emasculation slow-release granules with different dosage of the rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules prepared in the embodiments 1 to 6 are mixed with rape seeds at the same time of sowing, and then the seeds are sowed simultaneously. Before sowing, 40kg of compound fertilizer (15 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively) is applied per mu. The seedlings of the rapes are thinned at the three-leaf stage and fixed at the five-leaf stage, and the density is 2 ten thousand plants per mu. Other management is conventional.

And (5) covering mesh bags for selfing at the initial flowering stage of rape. Randomly selecting 20 rows in each cell, randomly sleeving 6 strains in each row with 120 strains in total, investigating the pod number and seed number of each plant in the pod development and maturity stage, processing the plants without applying a medicament, randomly selecting 20 rows in the rape initial flowering stage and a control cell, randomly sleeving the self-bred 6 strains in each row with the mesh bags as a control, counting and calculating the self-bred fructification related indexes of the rape single plants processed by the chemical male-killing slow-release particles, and finding the results in table 2.

The control was a treatment without application of the slow release granules for chemical emasculation but still self-crossed in a mesh bag. The number of siliques per plant, the number of grains per silique and the number of seeds per plant of the two rape varieties double No. 11 and Huashun No. 5 were investigated in the control condition (no application of the rape chemical staminate-killing slow-release granules) and the treatment condition (treatment with three different dosages of the rape chemical staminate-killing slow-release granules of examples 1-6, respectively), and the relative seed set was expressed as the ratio of the number of seeds per treated plant to the number of seeds per control plant, and the results are shown in Table 2. The higher the relative seed setting rate is, the poorer the chemical male killing effect is; otherwise, the effect is better.

TABLE 2 Wuhan test points the results of the field test on the canola chemical male-killing sustained-release granules of examples 1-6

The results in Table 2 show that in Wuhan test point in Hubei, after the male-killing sustained-release granules in examples 1-6 are applied, the sterility of the rape is obvious, the selfing setting rate is lower than 15%, and the requirements of the hybrid rape seed production secondary seeds are met; and with the increase of the dosage of the medicament, the sterility performance is enhanced, the self-bred seed setting rate can be reduced to below 10 percent, and the requirements of the first-grade seed production of the rape hybrid seed production are met. It is demonstrated that in the Wuhan test spot in Hubei, the rape hybrid preparation can be carried out by using the rape chemical staminate-killing slow-release granules of examples 1-6. And the results of example 1 were lower than those of example 2 and example 3 were lower than those of example 4. Examples 5 and 6 are respectively interval threshold values implemented by the patent, and field experiments show that the implementation effect under the three dosage conditions also meets the purity requirement of hybrid rape seed production.

In the comparative example 2, under the three dosage conditions, the self-maturing rate of the rape is higher than 15%, and the requirements of rape hybrid seed production are not met.

Application example 3

The test was conducted in 2019 at the rape test base of Lanzhou agricultural university, Gansu province. Selecting conventional rape varieties of Zhongshuang No. 11 and Huashuang No. 5 with normal fertility as test materials, taking the treatment without applying the rape chemical staminate-killing sustained-release granules as a Control (CK), respectively taking three different dosages (the sustained-release granule weights are respectively 0.5 kg/mu, 1.0 kg/mu and 1.5 kg/mu, and the corresponding medicament loads are respectively 5.0 g/mu, 10.0 g/mu and 15.0 g/mu) of the rape chemical staminate-killing sustained-release granules of the prepared series of examples 1-6 as treatment to carry out plot tests, totaling 56 treatments, repeating for 3 times, and 168 small plotsArea of 10m²。

And in 2019, row cutting and drilling are carried out in 5, 12 and 25cm of row spacing. The chemical emasculation slow-release granules with different dosage of the rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules prepared in the embodiments 1 to 6 are mixed with rape seeds at the same time of sowing, and then the seeds are sowed simultaneously. Before sowing, 40kg of compound fertilizer (15 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively) is applied per mu. The seedlings of the rapes are thinned at the three-leaf stage and fixed at the five-leaf stage, and the density is 2 ten thousand plants per mu. Other management is conventional.

And (5) covering mesh bags for selfing at the initial flowering stage of rape. Randomly selecting 20 rows in each cell, randomly sleeving 6 strains in each row with 120 strains in total, investigating the pod number and seed number of each plant in the pod development and maturity stage, processing the plants without applying a medicament, randomly selecting 20 rows in the rape initial flowering stage and a control cell, randomly sleeving the self-bred 6 strains in each row with the mesh bags as a control, counting and calculating the self-bred fructification related indexes of the rape single plants processed by the chemical male-killing slow-release particles, and finding the result in table 3.

The control was a treatment without application of the slow release granules for chemical emasculation but still self-crossed in a mesh bag. The number of siliques per plant, the number of grains per silique and the number of seeds per plant of the two rape varieties double No. 11 and Huashun No. 5 were investigated in the control condition (no application of the rape chemical staminate-killing slow-release granules) and the treatment condition (treatment with three different dosages of the rape chemical staminate-killing slow-release granules of examples 1-6, respectively), and the relative seed set was expressed as the ratio of the number of seeds per treated plant to the number of seeds per control plant, and the results are shown in Table 3. The higher the selfing fructification rate is, the poorer the chemical male killing effect is; otherwise, the effect is better.

TABLE 3 land for field trial results of the rape chemical male-killing sustained-release granules of examples 1 to 6 in Gansu Lanzhou test point

The results in Table 3 show that after the male-killing granules are applied to the test point of Lanzhou, Gansu province, the sterility of the rape is obvious, the selfing setting rate is lower than 15 percent, and the requirements of national rape second-level hybrid seeds are met; and with the increase of the dosage of the medicament, the sterility performance is enhanced, the self-bred seed setting rate can be reduced to below 10 percent, which is higher than the requirement of national rape first-grade hybrid. The rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules can be used for preparing rape hybrid seeds in Gansu Lanzhou test spots. And the results of example 1 were lower than those of example 2 and example 3 were lower than those of example 4. Examples 5 and 6 are respectively interval threshold values implemented by the patent, and field experiments show that the implementation effect under the three dosage conditions also meets the purity requirement of hybrid rape seed production. As the climates of Hubei and Gansu have difference, the results of the rape selfing seed setting rate are not completely consistent as shown in the comparison tables 2 and 3, but the production requirements of the rape hybrid seeds are met.

In the comparative example 2, under the condition of three dosages, the self-maturing rate of the rape is about 15 percent, and the seed production requirement of the rape hybrid seeds can not be basically met.

In conclusion, the chemical male-killing granule of comparative example 2 has a poor male-killing effect because the release period of the active ingredients is not adapted to the development period of the maternal chemical;

the chemical male-killing granule of the invention is uniformly mixed with rape female parent seeds and then sown simultaneously, and because the active component release period of the chemical male-killing granule covers the whole pollen development period of the rape female parent, the flowering phase pollen abortion of the rape female parent can be realized, and the chemical male-killing granule can be hybridized with the male parent to produce high-purity hybrid seeds.

In the existing production of rape chemical male-killing hybrid seeds, a method of manually spraying the chemical male-killing agent for 2-3 times in a strict window period is adopted, labor and time are wasted, the influence of weather conditions such as rainfall, wind speed and the like is easily caused, and the stability of male-killing effect is poor. The chemical male-killing granule disclosed by the invention is simultaneously sown with rape female parents, is light, simple and efficient, is simple and convenient to operate, can greatly reduce the influence of environmental climate, and is good in male-killing effect and strong in stability.

The invention is not to be considered as limited to the particular embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A preparation method of rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, preparing a phase A mixture: stirring and uniformly mixing 0.05-0.2% of active ingredients, 8.55-14.2% of carriers and 85.6-91.4% of water to obtain a phase A mixture, wherein the percentages are weight percentages; the active ingredient comprises tribenuron-methyl; the carrier comprises 0.5-2% of organic carrier, 8-12% of inorganic carrier and 0.05-0.2% of surfactant; the organic carrier comprises 500 ℃ phosphoric acid modified biochar BC500 or biochar BC300 prepared at 300 ℃; the inorganic carrier comprises clay mineral bentonite; the surfactant comprises cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide;

step 2, preparing a B-phase mixture: stirring and uniformly mixing inorganic filler and organic filler to obtain a phase B mixture or stirring the inorganic filler to obtain the phase B mixture; the inorganic filler is bentonite, the organic filler is lignite humus, and the mass ratio of the inorganic filler to the organic filler in the step 2 is 8-10: 1;

step 3, mixing the phase A and the phase B according to a mass ratio of 1: 8-12, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the rape chemical emasculation slow-release granules;

the rape chemical male killing slow release granules and the rape female parent seeds are uniformly mixed and then sown simultaneously.

2. The method for preparing the rape chemical staminate-killing slow-release granules according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture of the phase A and the phase B in the step 3 is 1: 10.

3. the method for preparing the rape chemical staminate-killing slow-release granule according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the rape chemical staminate-killing slow-release granule after granulation in the step 3 is 2-5 mm.

4. The rape chemical male-killing slow-release granules prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The application of the rape chemical staminate-killing slow-release granules in the production of rape hybrids.

6. The use of claim 5, wherein the rape chemical staminate release-control granules and the rape female parent seeds are uniformly mixed and then applied to soil at the same time.

7. The use of claim 6, wherein the slow release granule for chemical emasculation of rape is used in an amount of 0.5-1.5 kg/mu.