CN111183053A - 混合动力传动系 - Google Patents

混合动力传动系 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111183053A
CN111183053A CN201880065441.6A CN201880065441A CN111183053A CN 111183053 A CN111183053 A CN 111183053A CN 201880065441 A CN201880065441 A CN 201880065441A CN 111183053 A CN111183053 A CN 111183053A
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China
Prior art keywords
transmission
combustion engine
internal combustion
electric machine
drive shaft
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Pending
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CN201880065441.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
U·奥内穆斯
B·克卢格
F·波比策
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Publication of CN111183053A publication Critical patent/CN111183053A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/22—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于车辆(100)的混合动力传动系(1)，其包括：至少一个具有内燃机驱动轴(8)、尤其是曲轴的内燃机(V)和至少一个具有第一电机驱动轴(12)的第一电机(E)，其中，内燃机(V)和第一电机(E)设计成用于将转矩传递到至少一个驱动轴(C、D)上；并且还包括变速器(4)，该变速器具有变速器输入轴(10)和变速器输出轴(20)，该变速器输出轴与能由内燃机(V)驱动的第一驱动轴(C)作用连接，变速器(4)的变速器输入轴(10)至少与内燃机(V)的内燃机驱动轴(8)连接，以便将转矩从内燃机(V)传递到变速器输入轴(10)上并且进一步传递到第一驱动轴(C)上，其中，所述变速器输入轴(10)和所述内燃机(V)的内燃机驱动轴(8)设置成彼此平行的。

Description

混合动力传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的混合动力传动系，其包括：至少一个内燃机、电机和变速器。
背景技术
在已知的混合动力传动系变速器中，通常内燃机的驱动轴、尤其是曲轴通常经由离合器装置直接地或间接地与变速器输入轴连接，其中，变速器和内燃机关于从内燃机到变速器的功率流沿轴向彼此挨着设置。所述至少一个电机同样可以沿轴向设置在内燃机或变速器旁边，然而也已知将电机及其驱动轴设置成轴线平行于变速器或内燃机。通过这样轴线平行的设置，可以节省沿纵向方向、亦即沿内燃机和变速器的布置方向的结构空间。然而在此不利的是，在这样的构造方案中电机的功率能力由于可供其使用的结构空间小而保持受限。
两个驱动单元、不仅内燃机而且电机将其转矩传递到变速器的变速器输入轴上，在变速器内实现内燃机和电机的转矩-转速变换和功率合成或分配。最终，变速器端的功率通常经由差速器输出给驱动轴。
然而，在已知的动力传动系结构中的问题在于，已知的结构具有大的空间需求并且内燃机和设置在其旁边的变速器通常必须沿着车辆纵轴线定向，以便提供相应的结构空间。因此，在前置横向安装、亦即内燃机和变速器沿着车辆横轴布置时，通常必须做出由结构空间决定的折中。
然而，沿着车辆纵轴线安装意味着内燃机和变速器伸进车轴之间的扁平蓄能器结构空间中，这在扁平蓄能器的电续航里程和结构刚度方面产生相应的缺点。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种混合动力传动系结构，该混合动力传动系结构具有小的整体结构空间需求、但在此为电机和内燃机提供最大可能的结构空间，并且为扁平蓄能器给予优化的布置结构和设计。
所述目的通过一种按照权利要求1的混合动力传动系实现。
在下文提出一种用于车辆的混合动力传动系，该混合动力传动系包括：至少一个具有内燃机驱动轴、尤其是曲轴的内燃机和至少一个具有第一电机驱动轴的第一电机，其中，内燃机和第一电机设计成用于将转矩传递到车辆的至少一个驱动轴上。此外，所述混合动力传动系包括变速器，该变速器具有变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴，该变速器输出轴与驱动轴作用连接。在此，变速器的变速器输入轴与内燃机的内燃机驱动轴连接，以便将转矩从内燃机传递到变速器输入轴上、从那里传递到驱动轴上并接着传递到车轮上。
为了实现特别紧凑的结构形式并且能实现前置横向安装或后置横向安装，按照本发明规定，所述变速器输入轴和所述内燃机的内燃机驱动轴设置成彼此平行的。这意味着，放弃沿轴向彼此挨着布置变速器和内燃机，从而明显减小了沿驱动轴或变速器输入轴的纵向方向的结构空间需求。由此，即使在例如在车辆前部区域内由纵梁限定的可供使用的车辆宽度小的情况下，混合动力传动系也能横向于车辆纵轴线安装(前置横向安装)。如果该驱动单元安装在后桥上，同样可将值置于相应短的布置上(后置横向安装)。这又实现了用于通常在车轴之间安装在底部区域内的高压蓄能器(扁平蓄能器)的结构空间最大化。由此又增大电续航里程，从而在所描述的混合动力驱动装置中的焦点更强烈地在于电驱动装置。
为混合动力传动系的电动行驶运行而提供的第一电机可以直接与能由内燃机驱动的相同的驱动轴作用连接，尤其是经由借助横向传动装置、尤其是齿轮、皮带或齿轮连接装置、特别是齿轮级联耦联到差速器上。在此特别有利的是，差速器在轴向沿变速器输入轴的纵向方向在变速器输出端设置到变速器中，和/或构成为行星正齿轮差速器或构成为正齿轮差速器，该行星正齿轮差速器或正齿轮差速器比常规的锥齿轮差速器具有明显更小的轴向结构空间需求。
替代地，所述第一电机可设置在第二车轴上并驱动第二车轴，并且仅经由一个道路联轴器而与由内燃机驱动的驱动轴作用连接。两个实施方案允许安装功率强的电机，该电机为长的纯电动行驶运行提供足够的功率。
按照一种进一步有利的实施例，设有第二电机，该第二电机具有第二电机驱动轴，所述第二电机的第二电机驱动轴与变速器输入轴连接，并且所述第二电机设计成用于在第二电机和内燃机之间提供具有一个或多个运行模式的电CVT运行。通过这样的实施方案可放弃在变速器齿轮组中或变速器输入端上的摩擦式切换元件、亦如任何形式的特性变矩器、例如双离合器。后者具有在内燃机和变速器耦联时平衡内燃机驱动轴和变速器输入轴的转速并将内燃机与变速器输入轴无冲击地耦联之任务。
然而为了在变速器中放弃摩擦式切换元件的情况下不必在动力传动系中放弃转矩传递的中断可能性，在一种进一步有利的实施例中规定，还提供至少一个脱联装置、优选无源式脱联装置、尤其是打滑离合器，该脱联装置设计成用于在超过预定的转矩阈值时中断在内燃机和/或第一和/或第二电机与驱动轴之间的转矩传递。在此特别优选的是，脱联装置设置在变速器中和/或旋转不均匀性补偿装置中。
此外，通过在动力传动系中放弃摩擦式切换元件便也可以放弃变速器或离合器装置的复杂的液压控制，这明显简化了构造并且设计成本更低的。此外，这样的实施方案具有如下优点：尤其是通过使用电机作为在内燃机驱动轴和变速器输入轴或者说形成功率路径的切换元件之间的同步元件，给变速器独立供给变速器机油不再是强制的，而是也可以使用发动机机油。这又允许内燃机和变速器集成到一个共同的壳体中。此外，通过使用形锁合式切换元件可以显著提高变速器的机械效率。
此外有利的是，所述变速器构成为行星齿轮耦合变速器。这样的行星齿轮耦合变速器需要很小的轴向结构空间并且因此对于这样的动力传动系结构是优选的。在此，尤其是所述变速器输入轴可构造成空心轴，驱动轴穿过该空心轴。通过构造成行星齿轮耦合变速器提供了变速器的轴向短的结构方式，由此可确保，变速器即使在驱动轴穿过变速器时也可以按横向安装方式配合到驱动轴的铰接点之间的结构空间中。
此外，如果定轴传动比(Standgetriebeübersetzung)小，则也可以有意义地减小齿轮组的径向尺寸。
此外，内燃机和变速器平行布置能实现一种有利的实施方案，在该实施方案中，所述内燃机和所述变速器容纳在一个共同的壳体中。此外，这能实现例如变速器也被用发动机油润滑，从而可以放弃附加的油输入管道和润滑剂泵。在此，尤其是混合动力传动系具有附加的第二电机的上面提到的实施方案可以用作同步元件，然而其他实施方案也是可能的。例如可以使用面向需求进行应对的切换致动装置、例如由双离合器变速器已知的机电式滚子致动装置，其对于满足变速器中的换挡功能会是足够的。因此，即使在这种实施方案中也可以取消对污物敏感的液压阀，并且对变速器机油的要求总体上就此而言降低，使得使用发动机机油作为变速器润滑剂可变成允许的。
此外有利的是，所述第一和/或第二电机驱动轴设置成平行于内燃机的内燃机驱动轴和变速器输入轴。由此可节省沿车辆横向方向的结构空间并且可提供一种特别紧凑的混合动力传动系。
按照一种进一步有利的实施例，所述变速器输入轴和所述内燃机的与之平行定向的内燃机驱动轴和/或第二电机的第二电机驱动轴经由横向传动装置、尤其是经由齿链、皮带或齿轮连接装置、尤其是齿轮级联相互连接。通过该横向传动装置，能实现转矩以简单的方式从平行设置的驱动轴传递到变速器输入轴或驱动轴上。由此可使为第一或第二电机提供的结构空间最大化。
因为通常由于活塞直线运动变换成驱动轴的旋转运动而从内燃机产生一定的旋转不均匀性，按照一种进一步有利的实施例规定，在变速器输入轴和内燃机的第一驱动轴之间设置旋转不均匀性补偿装置。该旋转不均匀性补偿装置可以例如构造成双质量飞轮。在此，例如内燃机的驱动轴可以被引导在旋转不均匀性补偿装置的空心轴中，以便实现节省结构空间的布置。旋转不均匀性补偿装置补偿内燃机旋转运动的旋转不均匀性，使得均匀的旋转运动可经由横向传动装置传递到变速器输入轴上。当在内燃机的驱动轴与变速器输入轴之间直接连接时，由于内燃机的旋转不均匀性，会使横向传动装置和变速器受到过强的机械载荷，并且其使用寿命会受限。
按照一种进一步有利的实施例，变速器还具有一个变速器输出轴，转矩经由该变速器输出轴从变速器传递到驱动第一和第二车轮的驱动轴上。在此，变速器输出轴与驱动轴连接并且驱动轴在变速器纵轴线方向上相对于变速器输入轴沿轴向并且平行于其中至少一个驱动轴定向。通过该定向和布置可确保，转矩直接从变速器传递到驱动轴上，从而在这里也节省结构空间。在此，变速器输出轴可以直接是驱动轴，该驱动轴例如在构成为空心轴的变速器轴(该变速器轴可以是、但不必强制是变速器输入轴)中穿过变速器，以便相应地驱动左右车轮。通过该实施方案也节省结构空间，因为变速器直接与驱动轴作用连接并且据此可以直接设置在驱动轴上。
按照一种进一步有利的实施例，内燃机和所述至少一个电机沿轴向在行驶方向上设置在变速器两侧。这意味着，例如内燃机沿行驶方向设置在变速器后面，而所述至少一个电机沿行驶方向设置在变速器前面。替代地，当然也可能的是，内燃机沿行驶方向设置在变速器前面，而至少一个电机沿行驶方向设置在变速器后面。该实施方案能实现特别紧凑的结构方式，从而混合动力传动系也可以沿前置横向安装方向安装在车辆的现有的纵梁之间。
代替上述布置结构，内燃机和所述至少一个电机也可以彼此挨着设置。这同样能实现动力传动系沿车辆纵向方向很小的延伸尺寸，从而进一步减小沿车辆纵向方向的空间需求。此外，在这样的实施方案中有利的是，内燃机相对小并且例如仅用作“增程器”。
按照一种进一步有利的实施例，如上面提到的，设有第一电机和第二电机，其中，第一电机设置在由内燃机驱动的轴上并且第二电机设置在不能由内燃机驱动的另一车轴上并且设计成用于驱动该另一车轴。由此可以提供如下一种动力传动系结构，在该动力传动系结构中不是仅仅一个轴、而是两个车轴被主动驱动(全轮驱动)。
代替第一电机和第二电机设置在不同轴上的实施方案，如同样上面提到的，两个电机也可以设置在那个由内燃机驱动的轴上。如果这两个电机在这种情况下还在位置方面彼此靠近设置，则也可以使用双变换器，从而不是每个电机必须装备有一个自己的变换器。由此也可以优化地充分利用结构空间并且可以为高压蓄能器提供很多空间。
那个由内燃机驱动的轴不仅可以是前轴、而且可以是后轴。
本发明的其他可能的实施方案也包括在前文或在下文参考实施例描述的特征或实施方式的未明确提到的组合。在此，本领域技术人员也可引入单个方面作为对于本发明的相应基本形式的改进或补充。
进一步的优点和进一步的实施方式在说明书、附图和权利要求书中给出。在此，尤其是在说明书中和在附图中给出的特征组合纯粹是示例性的，从而这些特征也可以单独地或者以不同的组合存在。
附图说明
下面应依据在附图中示出的实施例更详细地描述本发明。在此，实施例和在实施例中示出的组合是纯示例性的并且不应确定本发明的保护范围。保护范围仅由所附权利要求限定。
图中示出：
图1a：混合动力传动系的第一优选实施例的示意图；
图1b：在图1a中示出的实施例的一种变型方案的示意图；
图2a：混合动力传动系的第二优选实施例的示意图；
图2b：在图2a中示出的实施例的一种变型方案的示意图；
图3a：混合动力传动系的第三优选实施例的示意图；和
图3b：在图3a中示出的实施例的一种变型方案的示意图。
在下文中，相同的或者在功能上起相同作用的元件用同一附图标记标出。
具体实施方式
图1至3在分图a和b中分别示出具有混合动力传动系1的车辆100的两个变型方案的示意图，其中，混合动力传动系1具有两个驱动单元、即一个内燃机V和一个电机E。两个驱动单元V和E提供转矩，利用该转矩能驱动驱动轴C和/或D以及因而能驱动至少一个车轮。在此，分图a和b的变型方案的区别分别在于：在变型方案a中，内燃机V和电机E驱动相同的驱动轴C；而在变型方案b中，内燃机V和电机E驱动不同的轴C和D。此外，从图中可得出，混合动力传动系包括具有变速器输入轴10的变速器4，以便将转矩从内燃机V经由其内燃机驱动轴8在变速器输入侧传递到变速器输入轴10上和在变速器输出侧传递到驱动轴C上。
此外，如从图1至3中可得出的，内燃机驱动轴8设置成平行于变速器输入轴10，从而变速器4能横向于行驶方向(见箭头)安装到车辆100中。由此不必再忍受对于变速器4和/或内燃机V的由结构空间决定的限制，以便即使在现有的空间结构中也能实现横向安装、尤其是在车身的现有的纵梁之间。通过变速器4和内燃机V平行设置，能提供非常紧凑的混合动力传动系1，该混合动力传动系由于其轴横向于行驶方向定向而在纵向方向上几乎没有结构空间需求。由此，在轴C、D之间存在的区域F可以几乎完全用于容纳高压蓄能器。由此可以使用更多并且结构上更稳定的扁平蓄能器，这又能实现可在混合动力传动系中使用功率更强的电机，由此又能积极地影响电动行驶功率的有效范围。
此外，从图中可得出，设有第二电机6，其中，第二电机6用于在变速器中能实现至少一个电CVT模式。在此，变速器4优选构造成行星齿轮耦合变速器。
此外，使用能连同内燃机V一起实现至少一个电CVT模式的电机6以及将变速器4构造成行星齿轮耦合变速器能实现在动力传动系中放弃摩擦式切换元件、例如摩擦片式制动器或离合器以及放弃变速器4和离合器装置的通常复杂的液压控制，从而明显降低了对变速器机油提出的要求。这又允许简化机油输送和提供，并且在特别优选的情况下甚至能实现将变速器4和内燃机V集成到一个共同的壳体中。为了在放弃摩擦式切换元件的情况下仍能实现中断从内燃机V到驱动轴C的转矩传递，还可以在动力传动系1中设有脱联装置、优选无源式脱联装置(未示出)、例如打滑离合器。该脱联装置例如可以设置在变速器4本身中并且用于在超过预定的转矩时中断抗转动的转矩传递，从而不损坏轴和接合元件。
此外，如从图1至3中可得出的，曲轴8、亦即内燃机V的内燃机驱动轴8设置成平行于变速器4的变速器输入轴10并且也平行于电机6的电机驱动轴12。此外，内燃机V经由其内燃机驱动轴8而与旋转不均匀性补偿装置14连接，该旋转不均匀性补偿装置又与横向传动装置16连接，从而从内燃机V传递到驱动轴8上并且然后传递到旋转不均匀性补偿装置14上的转矩经由横向传动装置16传递到变速器4的变速器输入轴10上。通过旋转不均匀性补偿装置14补偿由于内燃机V的活塞运动而产生的旋转不均匀性，从而横向传动装置16不被过度地机械加载。在此，横向传动装置16可以是齿链、皮带亦或齿轮级联。代替集成到变速器6中，上面提到的脱联装置也可以集成到旋转不均匀性补偿装置14中。
类似于横向传动装置16，电机6的从动轴12也经由横向传动装置18而与变速器输入轴10连接。该横向传动装置18也可以经由齿链或齿轮级联构成，并且用于能使变速器输入轴10的转速和内燃机驱动轴8的转速同步。但不仅对于横向传动装置16、而且对于横向传动装置18，可以使用任意的横向传动装置。
如图1至3还示出，变速器输入轴10同轴于车辆的驱动轴C，从而能实现最大限度充分利用结构空间。在此，尤其是变速器输出轴20可以直接与驱动轴C连接或者构造成该驱动轴。为了能实现穿过变速器4，此外可以规定，变速器输入轴10构成为空心轴，驱动轴C穿过该空心轴。
附图还示出，负责电动驱动的电机E原则上可设置在在附图的变型方案a和b中示出的两个可能的位置处。一方面，电机E可以如在变型方案b中所示的那样直接与另一未被混合动力传动系1驱动的轴D连接，从而不仅一个单个的车轴C、而且另一车轴D被驱动。替代地，电机E可以横向地设置在电机6旁边并且在这里也直接地经由横向传动装置22而与变速器4连接(见变型方案a)。在此，尤其优选的是，电机E在变速器输出侧与(行星)正齿轮差速器24配合作用，该正齿轮差速器沿轴向在齿轮组的输出端设置在变速器旁边并且优选集成在变速器中。可以在该差速器24旁边提供另一行星齿轮传动级作为终端变速级。
如尤其是图1中的实施方案所示出的，内燃机V和电机6；E设置在变速器4两侧。因此，例如如所示的那样，内燃机V沿行驶方向设置在变速器4后面，而电机6设置在变速器4前面。理所当然地，另一种布置结构也是可能的，在该布置结构中，例如内燃机V设置在变速器4前面，而电机6设置在该变速器后面。
此外，如在图1的所示的例子中，由混合动力传动系1驱动的轴C可以是前轴；但也可能的是，如图2所示，后轴被混合动力传动系1驱动。类似于在图1b中示出的情况，在变型方案b(参见图2b)中前轴D由第二电机E驱动。
代替在图1或2中所示的实施方案，图3示出内燃机V、第一电机E、变速器4和第二电机6的另一种可能的布置结构，在该布置结构中内燃机V和电机6(可选地6和E)设置在变速器4的同一侧。通过这样的实施方案，尤其是可以进一步限制混合动力驱动装置1的纵向结构空间需求。在图3所示的实施例中，内燃机V和电机6的驱动轴8、12也设置成平行于变速器输入轴10并且经由横向传动装置16、18而与该变速器输入轴连接。在该变型方案中也存在如下可能性，即，将电机E集成在轴C上(图3a)或者替代地直接驱动另一轴D(图3b)。此外，图3a的变型方案还示出：用于负责电动驱动的电机E不是必须如在图1和2中那样一定与差速器24连接，而是也可以经由横向传动装置22直接地与变速器输入轴10配合作用。
总之，利用所描述的混合动力传动系布置系统能提供混合动力传动元件的特别紧凑的布置，从而用于在车轴C、D之间容纳高压蓄能器的结构空间F被最大化。由此能明显增大在电动行驶运行时的续航里程，从而增强在混合动力驱动时的电份额并且仅须在紧急情况下接通内燃机V。
附图标记
1 混合动力传动系
4 变速器
6 电机
8 内燃机驱动轴
10 变速器输入轴
12 电机驱动轴
14 旋转不均匀性补偿装置
16、18 横向传动装置
20 变速器输出轴
22 横向传动装置
24 差速器
V 内燃机
E 第二电机(用于驱动)
C、D 驱动轴
F 用于高压蓄能器的结构空间

Claims (12)

1.用于车辆(100)的混合动力传动系(1)，包括：至少一个具有内燃机驱动轴(8)、尤其是曲轴的内燃机(V)和至少一个具有第一电机驱动轴(12)的第一电机(E)，其中，内燃机(V)和第一电机(E)设计成用于将转矩传递到至少一个驱动轴(C、D)上；并且还包括变速器(4)，该变速器具有变速器输入轴(10)和变速器输出轴(20)，该变速器输出轴与能由内燃机(V)驱动的第一驱动轴(C)作用连接，变速器(4)的变速器输入轴(10)至少与内燃机(V)的内燃机驱动轴(8)连接，以便将转矩从内燃机(V)传递到变速器输入轴(10)上并且进一步传递到第一驱动轴(C)上，其特征在于，所述变速器输入轴(10)和所述内燃机(V)的内燃机驱动轴(8)设置成彼此平行的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力传动系(1)，其中，此外所述第一电机(E)与第一驱动轴(C)作用连接，和/或所述第一电机(E)与不能由内燃机驱动的第二车轴(D)作用连接。
3.根据上述权利要求之一所述的混合动力传动系(1)，其中，此外设有第二电机(E)，该第二电机具有第二电机驱动轴(12)，所述第二电机(E)的第二电机驱动轴(12)与变速器输入轴(10)连接，并且所述第二电机(E)设计成用于在变速器中实现至少一个电CVT模式，优选通过相应的安装在变速器中的齿轮组实现。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的混合动力传动系(1)，其中，所述变速器(4)构成为行星齿轮耦合变速器。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的混合动力传动系(1)，其中，所述内燃机(V)和所述变速器(4)容纳在一个共同的壳体中。
6.根据上述权利要求之一所述的混合动力传动系(1)，其中，所述第一和/或第二电机驱动轴(12)设置成平行于内燃机(V)的内燃机驱动轴(8)和变速器输入轴(10)。
7.根据上述权利要求之一所述的混合动力传动系(1)，其中，所述变速器输入轴(10)和所述内燃机(V)的与之平行定向的内燃机驱动轴(8)和/或第二电机(6)的第二电机驱动轴(12)经由横向传动装置(16、18)、尤其是经由齿链、皮带或齿轮连接装置相互连接。
8.根据上述权利要求之一所述的混合动力传动系(1)，其中，在变速器输入轴(10)和内燃机(V)的内燃机驱动轴(8)之间设置有旋转不均匀性补偿装置(14)、尤其是双质量飞轮，转矩从内燃机(V)传递到旋转不均匀性补偿装置(14)中并且从旋转不均匀性补偿装置(14)经由横向传动装置(16)传递到变速器输入轴(10)上。
9.根据上述权利要求之一所述的混合动力传动系(1)，其中，还设有至少一个脱联装置、尤其是打滑离合器，该脱联装置设计成用于在超过预定的转矩阈值时中断从内燃机(V)和/或第一和/或第二电机(6)到第一驱动轴(C)的转矩传递，脱联装置优选设置在变速器(4)中和/或旋转不均匀性补偿装置(14)中。
10.根据上述权利要求之一所述的混合动力传动系(1)，其中，所述变速器输入轴(10)构造成空心轴，第一驱动轴(C)在该空心轴中被引导。
11.根据上述权利要求之一所述的混合动力传动系(1)，其中，所述内燃机(V)沿行驶方向在轴向上设置在变速器(4)后面并且至少一个电机(E；6)沿行驶方向在轴向上设置在变速器前面，或者所述内燃机(V)沿行驶方向在轴向上设置在变速器前面并且至少一个电机(E；6)沿行驶方向在轴向上设置在变速器后面。
12.根据权利要求1至10之一所述的混合动力传动系(1)，其中，所述内燃机(V)沿行驶方向在轴向上设置在变速器(4)前面或后面，并且至少一个电机(E；6)沿行驶方向在横向上设置在内燃机(V)旁边。
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CN114179783A (zh) * 2021-12-21 2022-03-15 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 一种混合动力车动力控制方法及混合动力车

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