CN111173050A - Tunnel and underground engineering simulation measurement system and method - Google Patents
Tunnel and underground engineering simulation measurement system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111173050A CN111173050A CN202010022438.5A CN202010022438A CN111173050A CN 111173050 A CN111173050 A CN 111173050A CN 202010022438 A CN202010022438 A CN 202010022438A CN 111173050 A CN111173050 A CN 111173050A
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- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel and underground engineering simulation measurement system and a method, comprising a control unit, a simulation measurement unit and an air pressure control unit, wherein the control unit is respectively connected with the simulation measurement unit and the air pressure control unit through leads; the size of the model box can be controlled by the length of the right sliding plate and the detachability of the upper plate and the lower plate respectively, the hydraulic pump and the jack are combined for use, the hydraulic pump and the jack are connected with a computer, the lifting or sedimentation speed, the height and the used time of the hydraulic pump and the jack can be controlled, the problem that the original simulation problem with only one vertical angle is solved, the internal relation of the interaction of a stratum and an underground comprehensive pipe gallery or a subway tunnel in a ground crack environment is analyzed through the system, and the interaction calculation model of the urban underground structure and the soil body is established.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of foundation pits and underground engineering, in particular to a tunnel and underground engineering simulation measurement system and method.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of basic facilities such as urban underground railways, high-rise buildings, civil air defense projects and the like in China, deep foundation pit projects are more and more, the geological conditions and the environmental influence of excavation construction of the deep foundation pit projects are very complicated, and natural disasters such as ground cracks or ground surface settlement become common reasons of engineering accidents; in the excavation process of foundation pit engineering and underground engineering, water can permeate into a ground crack zone due to ground crack movement, so that the foundation is softened and deformed, even the safety of a cavern is damaged, the joints of an established natural gas pipeline, a sewage pipe, a sewer and the like are damaged, and inflammable, explosive and toxic gas is leaked, so that great influence is caused on the engineering safety;
since the 50 s of the 20 th century, fourteen ground cracks have been found in west ampere, and the distribution range reaches 155 square kilometers; during the use period of underground engineering, ground crack activity can cause water to seep into ground crack zones, so that the foundation is softened and deformed, even the safety of a cavern is damaged, and joints of built natural gas pipelines, sewage pipes, sewers and the like can be damaged, and inflammable, explosive and toxic gases can be leaked. The ground fissure causes various adverse effects on underground engineering construction, for example, the ground fissure deformation zone has more soil body fractures, the foundation pit wall or the tunnel local collapse can be caused during construction, the centralized water seepage phenomenon along the fracture zone can also occur, and the substrate has uneven settlement;
at present, the model box only carries out single operation on specific conditions in the experiment, and if the experiment is finished, the model box also loses the value, so that the aims of repeated use and multiple functions cannot be fulfilled; or the portable display box is convenient to carry and move, so that the purposes of economy and practicability cannot be achieved; in order to solve the problems and reduce the damage of ground cracks to the property of people, a model box which can be contained and moved, has various functions and high practical value and can be repeatedly used for many times under different conditions is urgently needed to meet the engineering requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a tunnel and underground engineering simulation measurement system and method, which comprises a control unit and a simulation measurement unit, wherein the control unit is used for simulating the influence of geological disasters in actual engineering on underground buildings by controlling the settling or lifting speed, time and height of an upper plate and a lower plate of a movable model box in the simulation measurement unit, so that the design of subways and underground comprehensive pipe galleries is simulated in a test mode under the action of natural disasters such as ground cracks or ground surface settling, the stress size, direction and range of the underground buildings are effectively controlled, the problem that the original simulation system only has one vertical angle is solved, and the tunnel and underground engineering simulation system has the characteristics of capacity, movement, multiple functions under different conditions, repeated use and high practical value.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a tunnel and underground engineering simulation measurement system comprises a control unit, a simulation measurement unit and an air pressure control unit, wherein the control unit is respectively connected with the simulation measurement unit and the air pressure control unit through leads;
the control unit is a computer PC end and issues commands to the air pressure control unit to control and display air pressure, and meanwhile, the control unit receives and displays parameters from the simulation measurement unit and analyzes the parameters;
the simulation measurement unit comprises a model box, a partition plate and a simulation pipe gallery, wherein the simulation pipe gallery and the partition plate can be detachably mounted in the model box, different ground cracks are simulated at different positions in the model box through different partition plates, and parameter changes of the simulation pipe gallery in the different ground cracks and deformation conditions of a pipe gallery body are obtained;
the air pressure control unit is a hydraulic control device which is arranged below the model box floor, controls the height position of the model box floor and the lifting speed of the model box floor, and simulates the influence of the lifting of the crust on the underground building.
Furthermore, the model box comprises a box body and a box body support, the box body support is arranged below the box body, the box body comprises a frame, and a right box panel, a front box panel, a left box panel, a rear box panel and a box bottom panel which are arranged on the frame, and the right box panel is movably arranged on angle steel of the frame; the front box panel and the rear box panel are respectively fixedly connected with the angle steels of the front side frame and the rear side frame, and both the front box panel and the rear box panel are made of transparent plate-shaped materials, so that the surface change of a soil body in the model box can be observed conveniently.
Further, right side case panel pass through slider and install on the right side of box, slider includes lead screw component, sets up removal slider on right case panel, sets up the spout on the angle steel of box right side frame, remove slider slidable mounting in the spout, lead screw component installs between the angle steel of right case panel and right side frame for carry on spacingly to right case panel, control right case panel and remove the displacement volume that removes.
Further, lead screw subassembly include pressure sensor, set up the lead screw rod on the right side frame angle steel and set up the pentagon claw on the case panel, be provided with on the pentagon claw and use screw nut with the cooperation of lead screw rod, all be provided with the screw on five claws of pentagon claw, use bolted connection with the screw cooperation on the case panel, pressure sensor sets up on the claw, measures the lateral pressure of right case panel.
Furthermore, the left box panel comprises an upper side wall movably connected with angle steel on the left side frame and a lower side wall fixedly connected with the angle steel on the left side frame; the upper side wall is connected with the lower side wall through a cantilever device; an observation hole is formed in the lower side wall, and a camera and a drilling peeping instrument can be extended into the observation hole to observe the internal condition of the tunnel or the comprehensive pipe gallery model placed at the position; the cantilever device comprises a telescopic arm and a rotating arm, the telescopic arm and the rotating arm are connected through a rotating joint, a first air cylinder is arranged in the telescopic arm, and the other end of the telescopic arm is fixedly connected with the box panel on the upper side wall through a connecting plate; the downside of swinging boom is provided with the second cylinder, and the other end fixed plate of swinging boom is articulated, and fixed plate fixed mounting is on the face of lateral wall down.
Furthermore, the box bottom plate is movably arranged on angle steel on the bottom frame and is tightly attached to the bottom sides of the right box panel, the front box panel, the left box panel and the rear box panel, the box bottom plate is composed of A, B, C, D four modules, wherein the plate where the module A is located is an upper plate, the plate where the module B is located is a lower plate, a separation seam is reserved at the joint of each module, threaded holes are reserved on two sides of the separation seam, and two adjacent second threaded holes are connected by utilizing the cooperation of bolts and connecting plates; the top of the box body is provided with angle steel corresponding to the position of a separation seam at the connection part of A-D, A-C, B-D, B-C, hinge plates are fixedly arranged on the angle steel, and first threaded holes are correspondingly formed in hinges at the left side and the right side of each hinge plate.
Further, simulation piping lane include the piping lane body, set up the response piece and the setting at the inboard camera of piping lane body in the piping lane outside for the soil pressure of real-time supervision piping lane body outside and the deformation condition of piping lane body.
Furthermore, the partition plate comprises an orthogonal partition plate and an oblique partition plate, and arc-shaped openings with the same sectional area as the pipe gallery body are formed in the lower parts of the orthogonal partition plate and the oblique partition plate and used for enabling the pipe gallery body to penetrate through the arc-shaped openings; and third threaded holes matched with the first threaded holes are formed in the upper ends of the orthogonal partition plate and the oblique partition plate.
Furthermore, the hydraulic control device comprises a jack and a hydraulic pump, the hydraulic output end of the hydraulic pump is connected with the hydraulic input end of the jack through a hydraulic pipe, the head of the jack is propped against the lower end of the box bottom plate, and the up-and-down displacement of each module of the box bottom plate is controlled through the expansion of the head of the jack.
Further, a measuring method of a tunnel and underground engineering simulation system comprises the following specific measuring steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the left and right positions of the right box panel according to experimental requirements, fixing the right box panel by using a screw rod assembly, placing the pipe gallery body on the box bottom plate along the long edge of the box body after the adjustment is finished, aligning a port at one end of the pipe gallery body with the observation hole, and sealing the other end of the pipe gallery body or tightly attaching the other end of the pipe gallery body to the inner side surface of the movable right box panel;
step two: according to the requirements, a proper amount of induction sheets are pasted on the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe gallery body, a camera is placed through the observation hole, and all wires are discharged out of the observation hole and connected with the PC end at the computer end;
step three: opening the first cylinder and the second cylinder, opening the panel of the upper side wall by using the cantilever device, then connecting the area A and the area D, and the area B and the area C according to the experimental purpose to form an orthogonal structure, and putting the orthogonal structure into an orthogonal partition plate (10); or connecting the area A with the area C, and the area B with the area D to form an oblique crossing, and putting the oblique crossing partition plate;
step four: then adding a proper amount of experimental soil into the box body at the window with the upper side wall removed, then closing the upper side wall by utilizing the first air cylinder and the second air cylinder, and tamping and compacting the experimental soil as required;
step five: according to the experimental purpose, the jack is arranged below the box bottom plate and is divided into an AD area and a BC area or an AC area and a BD area according to needs, a computer end controls a hydraulic pump to pressurize the jack of the corresponding area according to needs, the jack jacks up or puts down any one or two of modules of the AD area and the BC area or the AC area and the BD area simultaneously, a hydraulic pressure gauge, an induction sheet and a camera are recorded simultaneously, and the lifting distance and the lifting speed data of the AD area and the BC area or the AC area and the BD area are recorded simultaneously for calculation and analysis.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a tunnel and underground engineering simulation measurement system and a method, compared with the prior art, the improvement of the invention is as follows:
1. the control unit, the simulation measurement unit and the air pressure control unit are combined, the simulation measurement unit and the air pressure control unit are controlled by the control unit to simulate the deformation and settlement conditions of the gallery and the underground building under the action of ground cracks, the design of the subway and the underground comprehensive pipe gallery is tested and simulated under the action of natural disasters such as ground cracks or ground surface settlement, the stress size, direction and range of the underground building are effectively controlled, and the simulation system has the characteristics of high simulation accuracy, simple simulation process and convenience in use;
2. the size of the model box designed by the invention can be controlled by the length of the right slide plate and the detachability of the upper and lower plates respectively, and the height of the model box can be controlled by combining the hydraulic pump and the jack for use, and then the hydraulic pump and the jack are connected with a computer, and the lifting or sedimentation rate, the height and the used time of the model box can be controlled by the computer, so that the model box has the characteristics of capacity, movement, multiple repeated use under different conditions and high practical value;
3. the system is controlled by a computer, so that the operation is easy, convenient, simple and easy to understand, the labor force is saved, the time is saved, the effect of single-person operation can be achieved, special equipment is not needed, and the real simulation effect can be achieved only by pre-burying a soil body during simulation;
4. the model box designed by the invention can realize the influence of ground cracks with different angles on the underground comprehensive pipe gallery, solves the problem that only one vertical angle is used for simulating in the prior art, and can analyze the internal relation of the interaction between the stratum and the underground comprehensive pipe gallery or the subway tunnel in the ground crack environment and establish the interaction calculation model of the urban underground structure and the soil body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a control flow chart of the simulation measurement system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the model box of the present invention.
FIG. 3-1 is a left side view of the mold box of the present invention.
Fig. 3-2 is a schematic structural view of the cantilever apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3-3 are schematic structural views of the telescopic arm of the present invention.
Fig. 3-4 are schematic views of the structure of the rotating arm of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a right side view of a mold box of the present invention.
Fig. 5-1 is a cross-sectional view of the right side frame of the mold box of the present invention.
Fig. 5-2 is a schematic view of the structure of the right box panel of the model box of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a front view of the mold box of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a top view of a mold box of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a top view of the bottom plate of the mold box of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a cross partition structure of the mold box of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a cross partition structure of a model box according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a simulated pipe gallery structure of the model box of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the hydraulic control apparatus of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. the hydraulic support comprises a box body support, 2. a frame, 21. a sliding groove, 22. a lead screw rod, 23. a hinge plate, 231. a first threaded hole, 3. a right box panel, 31. a movable sliding block, 32. a pentagonal claw, 321. a lead screw nut, 322. a claw, 33. a pressure sensor, 4. a front box panel, 5. a jack, 51. a hydraulic pump, 6. a left box panel, 61. an upper side wall, 62. a lower side wall, 621. a viewing hole, 63. a telescopic arm, 631. a first cylinder, 64. a rotating arm, 641. a second cylinder, 65. a rotating joint, 66. a connecting plate, 67. a fixed plate, 7. a rear box panel, 8. a box panel, 81. a separation slit, 82. a second threaded hole, 9. a pipe gallery body, 10. an orthogonal separation plate, 11. an oblique separation plate, 101. an arc-shaped opening, 102. a third threaded hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Referring to the attached drawings 1, 2, 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 5-1, 5-2 and 6-12, the tunnel and underground engineering simulation measurement system and the method thereof comprise a control unit, a simulation measurement unit and an air pressure control unit, wherein the control unit is respectively connected with the simulation measurement unit and the air pressure control unit through leads;
the control unit is a computer PC end and issues commands to the air pressure control unit to control and display air pressure, and meanwhile, the control unit receives and displays parameters from the analog measurement unit for analysis;
the simulation measurement unit comprises a model box, a partition plate and a simulation pipe gallery, wherein the simulation pipe gallery and the partition plate are detachably mounted in the model box, different ground cracks are simulated by placing the partition plate at different positions in the model box during testing, and deformation and settlement conditions of an underground tunnel or a building under the action of the ground cracks are simulated by using different included angles of a pipe gallery body and the partition plate, so that parameter changes of the simulation pipe gallery in the different ground cracks and deformation parameters of the pipe gallery body are obtained;
the pneumatic control unit is a hydraulic control device, the hydraulic control device is arranged below the floor of the model box, the pressure of the hydraulic pump for pressurizing the jack is controlled by receiving the command of the control unit, the height position of the floor of the model box and the lifting speed of the floor of the model box are controlled by the jack, and the influence of the lifting of the crust on the underground building is simulated.
The model box comprises a box body and a box body support 1, wherein the box body support 1 is arranged below the box body; the box body comprises a frame 2, and a right box panel 3, a front box panel 4, a left box panel 6, a rear box panel 7 and a box bottom plate 8 which are arranged on the frame 2, and the right box panel 3 is movably arranged on angle steel of the frame 2;
further, the right box panel 3 is mounted on the right side of the box body through a sliding device, the sliding device comprises a screw rod assembly, a moving slider 31 arranged on the right box panel 3 and a sliding groove 21 arranged on an angle steel of a right frame 2 of the box body, the moving slider 31 is slidably mounted in the sliding groove 21, the screw rod assembly is mounted between the right box panel and the angle steel of the right frame 2, the screw rod assembly is used for limiting the right box panel 3, and meanwhile, the displacement amount of the right box panel 3 moving left and right is controlled according to experiment requirements; the lead screw assembly comprises a pressure sensor 33, a lead screw 22 arranged on the angle steel of the right side frame and a pentagonal claw 32 arranged on the box panel, wherein a lead screw nut 321 matched with the lead screw is arranged on the pentagonal claw 32, and meanwhile, when the lead screw assembly is used, the lead screw nut 321 is in threaded connection with the lead screw 22; the five claws 322 of the pentagonal claw 32 are respectively provided with a screw hole which is matched with the screw hole on the box plate surface for use, the pentagonal claw is connected with the box plate surface through bolts, the pressure sensor 33 is arranged on the claws 322, and during an experiment, the pressure sensor 33 is utilized to measure the pressure of a lateral diagram of the right box panel 3;
furthermore, the front box panel 4 is fixedly connected with angle steel of the front side frame, the rear box panel 7 is fixedly connected with angle steel of the rear side frame, and the front box panel 4 and the rear box panel 7 are both made of transparent plate-shaped materials, so that the surface change of a soil body in the model box can be observed conveniently;
further, the left box panel 6 comprises an upper side wall 61 movably connected with the angle steel on the left side frame and a lower side wall 62 fixedly connected with the angle steel on the left side frame; the upper side wall 61 is connected with the lower side wall 62 through a cantilever device; and the lower side wall 62 is provided with an observation hole 621, when in use, the observation hole 621 of the Europe can extend into the camera and the drilling peeping instrument to observe the internal condition of the tunnel or the comprehensive pipe gallery model placed at the position; the cantilever device comprises a telescopic arm 63 and a rotating arm 64, the telescopic arm 63 is connected with the rotating arm 64 through a rotating joint 65, a first air cylinder 631 is arranged in the telescopic arm 63, and the other end of the telescopic arm 63 is fixedly connected with a box panel of the upper side wall through a connecting plate 66; a second cylinder 641 is arranged on the lower side surface of the rotating arm 64, a fixing plate 67 at the other end of the rotating arm 6) is hinged, the fixing plate 67 is fixedly installed on the plate surface of the lower side wall 62, when in use, the expansion and contraction of the telescopic arm are controlled through the expansion and contraction of the first cylinder 631, so that the opening and closing of the upper side wall 61 are controlled, the rotation of the rotating arm 64 is controlled through the expansion and contraction of the second cylinder 641, so that the lower side wall 62 is moved to other positions, and the influence of the panel of the lower side wall 62 on the experimental soil addition is reduced;
the box bottom plate 8 is movably arranged on angle steel on the bottom frame and is tightly attached to the bottom side edges of the right box panel 3, the front box panel 4, the left box panel 6 and the rear box panel 7, so that soil leakage during experiments is prevented; the box bottom plate 8 consists of A, B, C, D four modules, wherein the plate where the module A is located is an upper plate, the plate where the module B is located is a lower plate, the modules are connected through bolts, a separation seam 81 is reserved at the joint of each module, second threaded holes 82 are reserved on the templates at two sides of the separation seam 81, and when the box bottom plate is used, every two adjacent second threaded holes 82 are connected through the cooperation of the bolts and the connecting plates, namely, the modules are connected; when the A, the D, the B and the C are combined through bolts and connecting plates, namely when the orthogonal partition plate 10 is clamped in the middle of the box body, the orthogonal condition of a subway tunnel, a comprehensive pipe gallery and a ground crack can be simulated; when A is combined with C, and B is combined with D, the condition of 60-degree oblique crossing of a subway tunnel, a comprehensive pipe gallery and a ground crack can be simulated;
furthermore, angle steel corresponding to the A-D, A-C, B-D, B-C separation seam is arranged at the top of the box body, hinge plates 23 are fixedly arranged on the angle steel, and first threaded holes 231 are correspondingly formed in hinges on the left side and the right side of each hinge plate 23.
The simulation piping lane includes piping lane body 9, sets up response piece 91 and the setting at the inboard camera 92 of piping lane body in the outside of piping lane body for the soil pressure of real-time supervision piping lane body outside and the deformation condition of piping lane body, response piece 91 and camera 92 can set up its number as required and with the laminating mode of piping lane body 9.
The partition plate comprises an orthogonal partition plate 10 and an oblique partition plate 11, and arc-shaped openings 101 with the same sectional area as that of the pipe gallery body 9 are arranged in the middles of the lower parts of the orthogonal partition plate 10 and the oblique partition plate 11 and used for enabling the pipe gallery body 9 to penetrate through the arc-shaped openings 101 during experiments; further, third screw holes 102 are provided at the upper ends of the orthogonal partition plate 10 and the diagonal partition plate 11 to be used in cooperation with the first screw holes 231, and when in use, the first screw holes 231 and the third screw holes 102 are connected by bolts to fix the positions of the orthogonal partition plate 10 and the diagonal partition plate 11 in the case.
The hydraulic control device comprises a jack 5 and a hydraulic pump 51, wherein a hydraulic output end of the hydraulic pump 51 is connected with a pressure input end of the jack 5 through a hydraulic pipe, a head of the jack 5 is propped against the lower end of the box bottom plate 8, and the up-and-down displacement and lifting or settling rate of each module of the box bottom plate 8 are controlled through the expansion of the head of the jack 5 during use.
A measuring method of a tunnel and underground engineering simulation system comprises the following specific measuring steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the left and right positions of the right box panel 3 are adjusted according to experimental requirements, the right box panel 3 is fixed by using a screw rod assembly, after the adjustment is finished, the pipe gallery body 9 is placed on the box bottom plate 8 along the long side of the box body, the port of one end of the pipe gallery body 9 is aligned with the observation hole 621, and the other end of the pipe gallery body is closed or tightly attached to the inner side surface of the movable right box panel 3, so that experimental soil is prevented from entering the inside of the pipe gallery during an experiment to influence an experimental result;
step two: according to the requirement, a proper amount of induction sheets 91 are pasted on the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe gallery body 9, meanwhile, the camera 92 is placed in the observation hole 621, and all the wires are taken out from the observation hole 621 and connected with the PC end at the computer end, so that the wires are collected and processed uniformly;
step three: the first air cylinder 631 and the second air cylinder 641 are opened, the panel of the upper side wall 61 is opened by using a cantilever device, then the area A and the area D, and the area B and the area C are connected to form an orthogonal state according to the purpose of the experiment, and the orthogonal partition plate 10 is placed to simulate the orthogonal state of the tunnel and the pipe gallery; or connecting the area A with the area C, and connecting the area B with the area D to form skew, putting the skew partition plate 11 in the skew partition plate, and simulating the skew of the tunnel and the pipe gallery;
step four: then, a proper amount of experimental soil is added into the box body at the window with the upper side wall 61 taken down, then the upper side wall 61 is closed by utilizing the first air cylinder 631 and the second air cylinder 641, and the experimental soil is tamped and compacted according to the requirement;
step five: according to the experimental purpose, the jack 5 is arranged below the box bottom plate 8 and is divided into an AD area and a BC area or an AC area and a BD area according to the requirement, the hydraulic pump 51 is controlled by a computer end to pressurize the jack 5 of the corresponding area according to the requirement, the jack 5 jacks or puts down any one or two of modules of the AD area and the BC area or the AC area and the BD area at the same time, and the lifting distance and the lifting speed data of a hydraulic pressure gauge, an induction sheet and a camera, the AD area and the BC area or the AC area and the BD area are recorded at the same time for calculation and analysis.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A tunnel and underground works simulation measurement system which characterized in that: the device comprises a control unit, an analog measurement unit and an air pressure control unit, wherein the control unit is respectively connected with the analog measurement unit and the air pressure control unit through leads;
the control unit is a computer PC end and issues commands to the air pressure control unit to control and display air pressure, and meanwhile, the control unit receives and displays parameters from the simulation measurement unit and analyzes the parameters;
the simulation measurement unit comprises a model box, a partition plate and a simulation pipe gallery, wherein the simulation pipe gallery and the partition plate can be detachably mounted in the model box, different ground cracks are simulated at different positions in the model box through different partition plates, and parameter changes of the simulation pipe gallery in the different ground cracks and deformation conditions of a pipe gallery body are obtained;
the air pressure control unit is a hydraulic control device which is arranged below the model box floor, controls the height position of the model box floor and the lifting speed of the model box floor, and simulates the influence of the lifting of the crust on the underground building.
2. A tunnel and underground works simulation measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the model box comprises a box body and a box body support (1), wherein the box body support (1) is arranged below the box body, the box body comprises a frame (2), and a right box panel (3), a front box panel (4), a left box panel (6), a rear box panel (7) and a box bottom plate (8) which are arranged on the frame (2), and the right box panel (3) is movably arranged on angle steel of the frame (2); the front box panel (4) and the rear box panel (7) are respectively fixedly connected with the angle steels of the front side frame and the rear side frame, and the front box panel (4) and the rear box panel (7) are made of transparent plate-shaped materials, so that the surface change of soil inside the model box can be observed conveniently.
3. A tunnel and underground works simulation measurement system according to claim 2, characterized in that: right side case panel (3) install on the right side of box through slider, slider includes lead screw component, sets up removal slider (31) on right case panel (3), sets up spout (21) on the angle steel of box right side frame (2), remove slider (31) slidable mounting in spout (21), lead screw component installs between the angle steel of right case panel and right side frame (2) for carry on spacingly to right case panel (3), control right case panel (3) and remove the displacement volume that removes.
4. A tunnel and underground works simulation measurement system according to claim 3, characterized in that: lead screw assembly include pressure sensor (33), set up lead screw (22) on right side frame angle steel and set up pentagon claw (32) on the case panel, be provided with on pentagon claw (32) with lead screw cooperation lead screw nut (321) that use, all be provided with the screw on five claws (322) of pentagon claw (32), use bolted connection with the screw cooperation on the case panel, pressure sensor (33) set up on claw (322), measure the lateral pressure of right case panel (3).
5. A tunnel and underground works simulation measurement system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the left box panel (6) comprises an upper side wall (61) movably connected with angle steel on the left side frame and a lower side wall (62) fixedly connected with the angle steel on the left side frame; the upper side wall (61) is connected with the lower side wall (62) through a cantilever device; an observation hole (621) is formed in the lower side wall (62), and a camera and a drilling peeping instrument can be extended into the observation hole to observe the internal condition of the tunnel or the comprehensive pipe gallery model placed at the position; the cantilever device comprises a telescopic arm (63) and a rotating arm (64), the telescopic arm (63) and the rotating arm (64) are connected through a rotating joint (65), a first air cylinder (631) is arranged in the telescopic arm (63), and the other end of the telescopic arm (63) is fixedly connected with a box panel of the upper side wall through a connecting plate (66); a second air cylinder (641) is arranged on the lower side surface of the rotating arm (64), the other end of the rotating arm (64) is hinged with a fixing plate (67), and the fixing plate (67) is fixedly arranged on the plate surface of the lower side wall (62).
6. A tunnel and underground works simulation measurement system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the box bottom plate (8) is movably mounted on angle steel on the bottom frame and is tightly attached to the bottom sides of the right box panel (3), the front box panel (4), the left box panel (6) and the rear box panel (7), the box bottom plate is composed of A, B, C, D four modules, wherein a plate where the module A is located is an upper plate, a plate where the module B is located is a lower plate, a separation seam (81) is reserved at the joint of each module, threaded holes (82) are reserved on two sides of the separation seam (81), and two adjacent second threaded holes (82) are connected by matching of bolts and connecting plates; the top of the box body is provided with angle steel corresponding to the position of a separation seam at the connection part of A-D, A-C, B-D, B-C, a hinge plate (23) is fixedly arranged on the angle steel, and first threaded holes (231) are correspondingly formed in hinges at the left side and the right side of the hinge plate (23).
7. A tunnel and underground works simulation measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: simulation piping lane include piping lane body (9), set up in response piece (91) of piping lane inside and outside and set up at inboard camera (92) of piping lane body (9) for the soil pressure of real-time supervision piping lane body inside and outside and the deformation condition of piping lane body.
8. A tunnel and underground works simulation measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the partition plate comprises an orthogonal partition plate (10) and an oblique partition plate (11), and arc-shaped openings (101) with the same sectional area as that of the pipe gallery body (9) are formed in the lower parts of the orthogonal partition plate and the oblique partition plate and used for enabling the pipe gallery body (9) to penetrate through the arc-shaped openings; and third threaded holes (102) matched with the first threaded holes (231) are formed in the upper ends of the orthogonal partition plate (10) and the oblique partition plate (11).
9. A tunnel and underground works simulation measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydraulic control device comprises a jack (5) and a hydraulic pump (51), wherein the hydraulic output end of the hydraulic pump (51) is connected with the hydraulic input end of the jack (5) through a hydraulic pipe, the head of the jack (5) is pressed against the lower end of a box bottom plate (8), and the up-and-down displacement of each module of the box bottom plate (8) is controlled through the expansion of the head of the jack (5).
10. A method of measurement in a tunnel and underground works simulation system according to claim 1, wherein: the specific measurement steps of the measurement method comprise:
the method comprises the following steps: the left and right positions of the right box panel (3) are adjusted according to experimental requirements, the right box panel (3) is fixed by using a lead screw assembly, after the adjustment is completed, the pipe gallery body (9) is placed on the box bottom plate (8) along the long side of the box body, the port at one end of the pipe gallery body (9) is aligned with the observation hole (621), and the other end of the pipe gallery body is closed or is tightly attached to the inner side face of the movable right box panel (3);
step two: according to the requirement, a proper amount of induction sheets (91) are pasted on the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe gallery body (9), a camera (92) is placed through the observation hole (621), and all conducting wires are taken out from the observation hole (621) and connected with the PC end at the computer end;
step three: opening a first cylinder (631) and a second cylinder (641), opening a panel of an upper side wall (61) by using a cantilever device, connecting an A area and a D area, and connecting a B area and a C area to form an orthogonal state according to the experimental purpose, and putting an orthogonal separation plate (10); or the area A is connected with the area C, and the area B is connected with the area D to form skew, and the skew partition plate (11) is placed in the skew;
step four: then adding a proper amount of experimental soil into the box body at the window with the upper side wall (61) taken down, then closing the upper side wall (61) by utilizing a first air cylinder (631) and a second air cylinder (641), and tamping and compacting the experimental soil as required;
step five: according to the experimental purpose, the jack (5) is arranged below a box bottom plate (8) and is divided into an AD area and a BC area or an AC area and a BD area according to needs, a hydraulic pump (51) is controlled by a computer end to pressurize the jack (5) of the corresponding area according to needs, the jack (5) jacks or puts down any one or two of modules of the AD area and the BC area or the AC area and the BD area at the same time, and lifting distance and lifting speed data of a hydraulic pressure meter, an induction sheet and a camera, the AD area and the BC area or the AC area and the BD area are recorded at the same time for calculation and analysis.
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