CN112881166A - Device and method for testing stability of foundation in mining overall process and mining subsidence area - Google Patents
Device and method for testing stability of foundation in mining overall process and mining subsidence area Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the stability of a foundation in a mining overall process and a mining subsidence area, and the technical scheme is as follows: the device comprises a model groove, wherein the interior of the model groove is used for filling foundation soil similar fillers; the model groove is connected to the inner side of the support frame, a reaction beam with adjustable height is arranged at the top of the support frame, and the reaction beam is connected with the sand drenching device or the loading device; a sand filling recovery device is arranged at the bottom of the model tank; wherein, the model tank bottom sets up a plurality of backup pads, and a plurality of adjacent backup pads link together and bottom installation electric lift pole, goes up and down in order to realize ground uplift or settlement simulation through electric lift pole control backup pad. The invention realizes real-time monitoring of foundation displacement of the whole goaf and the surrounding foundation soil in the mineral mining and goaf loading processes, and can realize test simulation of the influence of uneven settlement at the bottom of the goaf on the upper roadbed soil and the earth surface caused by earthquake load and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mining engineering, in particular to a device and a method for testing the stability of a foundation in a mining overall process and a mining subsidence area.
Background
China is a large country of mineral resources, and is rich in variety and wide in distribution. With the continuous development of economy, the demand of mineral resources is increasing. Besides a small amount of coal resources belonging to strip mine, most of mineral resources, especially coal resources with rich reserves, are located underground, and have the characteristics of large depth range span and complex geological environment. In the process of mining, due to the sudden release of the ground stress, the foundation at the top of the goaf is settled and deformed, and particularly for a broken stratum area, if the support is not timely, collapse accidents are easily caused. In addition, after mining, a large number of cavities, separation layers, cracks and under-pressure density phenomena exist in the underground, and under the influence of various internal and external factors, such as underground water erosion, additional load caused by ground structures (such as buildings and road engineering), weathering of residual coal pillars and the like, the foundation and the ground surface generate serious settlement deformation, internal stress is redistributed, the safe use of the structures above is seriously threatened, and the normal life and safe production of residents are influenced. Therefore, the development of the research on the stability of the goaf foundation in the mineral mining process and after mining has important reference values for mastering the catastrophe mechanism, guiding the design of the goaf reinforcement scheme, optimizing the construction scheme and the like.
The model test has the advantages of strong intuition, easy control, low cost, solving the irreversibility of the field test and the like, and is widely applied to the research of mining engineering, particularly goafs. Although the conventional test device for goaf research can monitor the deformation and stress of the foundation, the following problems still exist: firstly, most of the existing devices aim at the ground stability research in the goaf range after mining, and the ground deformation and stability research is less in the mining process of mineral products; secondly, although the visual model groove is combined with the photographing technology in the deformation monitoring of the goaf at present, continuous deformation monitoring of the foundation soil in the whole observation window range cannot be obtained; in addition, for supporting of a goaf in a foundation filling process, a rubber air cushion is usually adopted as a temporary goaf support, but the air cushion is made of a flexible material, so that irregular deformation is inevitably generated, the modulus of the air cushion is not coordinated with the surrounding foundation filling, the goaf is easy to generate initial deformation, and the bottom of the conventional test device is fixed and restrained, so that the non-uniform settlement simulation of the bottom of the goaf cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing the stability of the foundation in the whole mining process and the mining subsidence area, which realize the real-time monitoring of the foundation displacement of the whole goaf and the surrounding foundation soil in the mineral mining and goaf loading processes and can realize the test simulation of the influence of the uneven settlement at the bottom of the goaf on the upper roadbed soil and the ground surface caused by earthquake load and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a device for testing the stability of a foundation in a mining overall process and a mining subsidence area, which comprises a model groove, wherein similar fillers of foundation soil are filled in the model groove; the model groove is connected to the inner side of the support frame, a reaction beam with adjustable height is arranged at the top of the support frame, and the reaction beam is connected with the sand drenching device or the loading device; a sand filling recovery device is arranged at the bottom of the model tank;
wherein, the model tank bottom sets up a plurality of backup pads, and a plurality of adjacent backup pads link together and bottom installation electric lift pole, goes up and down in order to realize ground uplift or settlement simulation through electric lift pole control backup pad.
As a further implementation mode, flanges are mounted at the bottoms of the supporting plates and are connected through connecting beams; the settlement or uplift range of the foundation is adjusted by the number of the connecting beams connecting the supporting plates.
As a further implementation mode, the sand filling recovery device comprises a sand leaking pipe and a sand collecting box connected with the sand leaking pipe, the sand leaking pipe vertically penetrates through the mold groove, and the sand collecting box is located below the mold groove.
As a further implementation manner, the sand leakage pipe extends to the goaf, and the extending end of the sand leakage pipe is connected with the trapezoid joint; one end of the sand leakage pipe connected with the sand collecting box is provided with a switch.
As a further implementation mode, the sand spraying device comprises a sand filling funnel, a transparent hose and a sand spraying pipe, wherein the sand filling funnel is connected with one end of the transparent hose through a trapezoid joint, the other end of the transparent hose is connected with the sand spraying pipe through a trapezoid joint, and the sand spraying pipe is connected with a turning joint.
As a further implementation mode, a plurality of sand leakage plates are arranged between the sand spraying pipe and the turning joint, and a valve is arranged between the sand filling funnel and the trapezoid joint.
As a further implementation manner, the loading device includes a servo jack, a pressure dispersing device, and a bearing plate, and the pressure dispersing device is disposed between the servo jack and the bearing plate.
As a further implementation mode, the servo jack is provided with a pressure sensor, and a soil pressure gauge is arranged in the foundation soil similar filler during a loading test.
As a further implementation mode, the front side and the rear side of the mold groove are made of tempered glass, and the tempered glass on the front side is provided with a plurality of rows of reference points.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for testing stability of a foundation in a mining overall process and a mining subsidence area, where the test apparatus includes:
determining the shape of the goaf, and determining the size and the burial depth of the goaf by combining with the similarity ratio design; determining the modulus of similar fillers of the foundation soil, the mix proportion design of similar materials and the sand spraying compactness in the goaf;
installing a test device; closing the switch and simultaneously placing a sand collecting box;
filling foundation similar soil filler into the model groove to the bottom of the goaf, and installing a soil pressure gauge; erecting a goaf template according to the shape of the goaf, and fixing front and rear toughened glass by adopting temporary support;
filling the top filler of the goaf, installing a soil pressure gauge according to a design position, and removing the temporary support and the template after the top filler reaches a set strength;
a sand spraying device is adopted to spray sand into the goaf until the whole goaf is filled; continuously filling foundation soil filler to the design height;
installing a digital camera and a light supplement lamp, adjusting the position, the focal length and the light supplement intensity, connecting the soil pressure acquisition system, starting a photographing switch and the soil pressure acquisition system, and turning on the switch;
after the sand filling of the goaf is completely leaked out, adjusting the counter-force beam to a loading height, installing a loading device, starting a stress acquisition system, and carrying out vertical loading;
if the uneven settlement test working condition caused by the earthquake is simulated, the settlement or uplift range is designed in advance, the electric lifting rod is opened to enable the supporting plate to reach the designed settlement or uplift amount, and meanwhile, foundation soil displacement and internal stress data are monitored;
DIC software is adopted to process and collect photos, and foundation soil displacement and strain change in the loading process are obtained.
The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
(1) according to one or more embodiments of the invention, through filling sand fillers in the goaf and installing the soil pressure gauge, the whole process simulation of the mineral mining process and the real-time monitoring of the deformation and soil pressure of the foundation soil are realized.
(2) According to one or more embodiments of the invention, by arranging the sand spraying device, the matching design of the modulus of the filler inside the goaf and the foundation soil is realized, and the problem that the foundation is easy to settle unevenly when the air bag is used as temporary support of the goaf at present is solved.
(3) According to one or more embodiments of the invention, the supporting plate is driven by the electric lifting rod to move up and down, so that the experimental simulation of the influence of the uneven settlement at the bottom of the goaf caused by earthquake load and the like on the upper roadbed soil and the ground surface is realized.
(4) One or more embodiments of the invention adopt DIC data processing software to realize real-time monitoring of foundation displacement of the whole goaf and the surrounding foundation soil in the mineral mining and goaf loading processes.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a sand drenching device according to one or more embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of an installation loading unit according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
the device comprises a counter-force beam 1, a counter-force beam 2, a hoisting device 3, a sand filling funnel 4, a valve 5, a trapezoidal joint 6, a transparent hose 7, a sand spraying pipe 8, a sand leakage plate 9, a turning joint 10, a vertical beam 11, a frame 12, a connecting member 13, a reference point 14, a goaf 15, a sand leakage pipe 16, a switch 17, a sand collecting box 18, an electric lifting rod 19, a support plate 20, a flange 21, foundation soil similar filler 22, a bottom beam 23, a soil pressure gauge 24, a servo jack 25, a pressure sensor 26, a pressure dispersing device 27 and a bearing plate.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in this application, if any, merely indicate that the directions of movement are consistent with those of the figures themselves, and are not limiting in structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting in this application.
The terms "mounted", "connected", "fixed", and the like in the present application should be understood broadly, and for example, the terms "mounted", "connected", and "fixed" may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; the two components can be connected directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or the two components can be connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment provides a mining overall process and mining subsidence area ground stability test device, including mould groove, similar filler 21 of foundation soil, loading device, data acquisition system, drench sand device, fill sand recovery unit, drench sand device and fill sand recovery unit and constitute the collecting space area and fill and recovery unit, the model groove sets up in the support frame.
Furthermore, the model groove is of a cuboid structure, and the size of the model groove can be set according to actual test requirements. The top of the mould groove is provided with an opening, the front side and the rear side of the mould groove are respectively provided with toughened glass, and the toughened glass at the front side is provided with a plurality of rows of reference points 13; the left side and the right side of the die-shaped groove are steel plates. In the present embodiment, the reference points 13 are arranged in five rows, each row having a plurality.
The bottom of the mould groove is formed by splicing a plurality of supporting plates 19 along the length direction, and flanges 20 are arranged at the bottoms of the supporting plates 19; the flanges 20 of adjacent support plates 19 are connected by connecting beams, so that the support plates 19 form a multi-segment structure. An electric lifting rod 18 is arranged at the bottom of each section of connecting beam, and a supporting plate 19 can be lifted through the electric lifting rod 18. The number of the connected supporting plates 19 is adjusted by changing the length of the connecting beam, so that the settlement or uplift range of the foundation is adjusted.
In this example, the dimensions of the model groove were 2.5m × 0.25m × 1.6m (length × width × height), the thickness of the tempered glass was 19mm, and the thickness of the steel plate was 20 mm; the supporting plate 19 is made of a steel plate, and the thickness of the supporting plate is 20 cm; the connecting beam is a steel beam.
Further, two ends of the mold groove are respectively provided with a frame 11, and the mold groove is supported by the frame 11. The frame 11 is adjacent to the support frame by a connecting member 12.
The support frame comprises a bottom beam 22 and two vertical beams 10, wherein two ends of the bottom beam 22 are respectively connected with one vertical beam 10. A plurality of connecting members 12 arranged at intervals are connected between the frame 11 and the vertical beams 10; the motorized lift pins 18 are secured above the bottom beams 22.
Further, a reaction beam 1 is arranged between the two vertical beams 10, the reaction beam 1 is used for installing a sand drenching device or a loading device, and the reaction beam 1 is higher than the loading device when the sand drenching device is installed. In this embodiment, the reaction cross beam 1 is an i-beam with a height of 15cm, and is connected to the vertical beam 10 by a high-strength bolt.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the sand-spraying device is connected below the reaction beam 1 through a hoisting device 2, and the hoisting device 2 is an existing structure, such as a hook.
Drench the sand device including dress sand funnel 3, trapezoidal joint 5, transparent hose 6, drench sand pipe 7, leak sand board 8 and turn round joint 9, dress sand funnel 3 connects the one end of transparent hose 6 through trapezoidal joint 5, and the other end of transparent hose 6 is connected through trapezoidal joint 5 and is drenched sand pipe 7, it connects to turn round joint 9 to drench sand pipe 7. The installation direction of the trapezoid joint 5 connected with the sand filling funnel 3 is opposite to that of the trapezoid joint 5 connected with the sand spraying pipe 7.
A plurality of sand leakage plates 8 are arranged between the sand spraying pipe 7 and the turning joint 9, and a valve 4 is arranged between the sand filling funnel 3 and the trapezoid joint 5. In the embodiment, the sand spraying pipe 7 is an organic glass pipe; the sand leakage plate 8 is a round steel plate with the thickness of 2mm and the diameter equal to the inner diameter of the sand spraying pipe 7, the sand leakage plate 8 is provided with a round hole with the porosity of 20 percent, and the diameter of the round hole is 2.5 mm; the sand spraying compactness is controlled to be within the range of 0-98% by adjusting the size of the valve 4, the number and the spacing of the sand leakage plates 8, the sand spraying height and other variables, and the specific variable combination is determined according to the modulus of foundation soil around the goaf.
Further, the sand filling recovery device comprises a sand leaking pipe 15 and a sand collecting box 17, wherein the sand collecting box 17 is arranged below the mold groove, one end of the sand leaking pipe 15 is communicated with the sand collecting box 17, and a switch 16 is arranged at the connecting end of the sand leaking pipe 15 and the sand collecting box 17; the sand leakage pipe 15 vertically penetrates the support plate 19, and the other end thereof extends to the gob 14.
In this embodiment, the sand leaking pipe 15 is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 2cm, and the bottom of the gob 14 is connected with a trapezoidal joint for collecting the sand filled in the gob 14. A plurality of sand leaking pipes 15 can be arranged according to actual conditions, and the size of the sand leaking pipes is adjusted by adjusting a switch 16 to simulate the mining speed.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the loading device includes a plurality of servo jacks 24, a pressure dispersing device 26, and a pressure bearing plate 27, the servo jacks 24 are detachably connected below the reaction beam 1, the servo jacks 24 are provided with pressure sensors 25, and pressure information is collected by the pressure sensors 25. When a loading test is carried out, a soil pressure gauge 23 is arranged in the foundation soil similar filler 21; in the present embodiment, an earth pressure gauge 23 is provided on the side of each reference point 13.
In this embodiment, the pressure sensor 25 has a spoke structure, a measuring range of 200kN and an accuracy of 20N; the soil pressure gauge 23 is a strain type soil pressure cell, and acquires the internal stress change of the foundation soil through a dynamic strain acquisition instrument and a matching system. It is understood that in other embodiments, the pressure sensor 25 and the soil pressure gauge 23 may be in other forms. Preferably, the maximum load of the servo jacks 24 is 15 tons.
The pressure bearing plate 27 is arranged above the model groove, and a pressure dispersing device 26 is arranged between the servo jack 24 and the pressure bearing plate 27; the bearing plate 27 is enabled by the servo jacks 24 to load the matrix-like fill 21 inside the mould groove. In this embodiment, the pressure dispersion device 26 is a metal block having a frustum shape.
The data acquisition system comprises a digital camera and a light supplement lamp besides the pressure sensor 25 and the soil pressure gauge 23, the pixels of the digital camera are not less than 2000 ten thousand, and photos in the mineral mining and loading process are processed through DIC software to obtain data such as instantaneous and accumulated displacement, instantaneous and accumulated strain of foundation soil in the whole observation window range.
Further, the foundation soil similar filler 21 is arranged inside the mold groove and is designed according to the test similarity ratio and is prepared from different materials; the similarity ratio is designed as follows:
(1) geometric similarity constant:
CL＝Lm/Lp＝1/50 (1)
in the above formula CLFor geometric similarity of model to prototype, LmIs the size of the model, LpIs the prototype size.
(2) Time similarity constant:
in the above formula CTFor model to prototype time similarity ratio, TmIs the model process time, TpThe prototype process time is in units of s.
(3) Density similarity constant:
Cρ＝ρm/ρp＝＝1/1.5 (3)
in the above formula CρThe density similarity ratio of the model to the prototype, ρmAs density of model material, ppIs the prototype material density.
(4) Intensity similarity constant:
Cσ＝σm/σp＝CL·Cρ＝1/75 (4)
in the above formula CσFor the model to prototype strength similarity ratio, σmAs strength of the model material, σpIs the prototype material strength.
In this embodiment, the foundation soil-like filler 21 comprises aggregate river sand, lime, gypsum and fly ash, and a certain proportion of blending water is added. A cubic compressive strength test specimen of 100mm multiplied by 100mm is manufactured by trial mixing of mass ratios of different admixtures, the compressive strength and the modulus are tested after standard condition curing, the final material ratio is determined according to the test result, and different foundation fillers are prepared.
The embodiment is used for monitoring the deformation and stress distribution of the mining and post-mining subsidence area, and solves the limitation of the existing test device in application scenes, control technology and monitoring technology.
Example two:
the embodiment provides a mining overall process and goaf subsidence area foundation stability test method, and the device of the first embodiment comprises the following steps:
and determining the shape of the gob 14 according to the field geological conditions or research contents of the gob, and determining the size and the burial depth of the gob 14 by combining with the similarity ratio design.
And determining the modulus of the similar foundation soil filler 21, the design of the similar material mixing ratio and the sand spraying compactness in the goaf according to the field rock stratum strength and the similar ratio of the goaf 14.
Installing a model groove, and connecting the model groove with the bottom beam 22 and the vertical beam 10; the position and number of the sand leaking pipes 15 are set according to the size and shape of the gob 14, and the switch 16 is closed while the flask 17 is placed.
Filling foundation similar soil filler 21 into the model groove to the bottom of the goaf 14, and installing a soil pressure gauge 23 according to a design position; and then erecting a goaf template according to the shape of the goaf 14 and fixing the goaf template on the front and rear toughened glass plates by adopting temporary support.
Filling the top filler of the gob 14, installing a soil pressure gauge 23 according to a designed position, removing the temporary support and the template after the top filler reaches certain strength, and spraying sand into the gob 14 by adopting a sand spraying device according to the designed relative compactness until the whole gob 14 is filled; and then continuously filling the foundation soil filler 21 to the design height.
Installing a digital camera and a light supplement lamp, adjusting the position, the focal length and the light supplement intensity, connecting a soil pressure acquisition system (comprising a strain type soil pressure box, a dynamic strain acquisition instrument and a matching system), starting a photographing switch and the soil pressure acquisition system, and turning on a switch 16.
After the sand filling of the goaf 14 is completely leaked out, the reaction beam 1 is adjusted to a proper loading height, a loading device is installed, and a stress acquisition system is started to perform vertical loading.
If the uneven settlement test working condition caused by earthquake is simulated, firstly, the settlement or uplift range is designed, the electric lifting rod 18 is opened to enable the supporting plate 19 at the bottom of the model tank to reach the designed settlement or uplift amount, and the displacement and internal stress data of the foundation soil are monitored in the period.
DIC software is adopted to process and collect photos, and foundation soil displacement and strain change in the loading process are obtained.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
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| CN202110127694.5A CN112881166B (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | A kind of whole mining process and ground stability test device and method in goaf subsidence area |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113356228A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-07 | 武汉理工大学 | Mixing test device for foundation pit supporting structure simulation |
| CN114703886A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-05 | 浙江国进建设有限公司 | Oil refining irrigation area civil construction method |
| CN114755391A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-15 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Method for simulating complex goaf of mine based on physical model test |
| CN115112482A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-09-27 | 深圳康佳电子科技有限公司 | Pressure testing device for elastic materials |
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| CN114703886B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2024-05-17 | 浙江国进建设有限公司 | Civil construction method for oil refining tank area |
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| CN115112482B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2025-07-11 | 深圳康佳电子科技有限公司 | Pressure testing device for elastic materials |
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