CN111172454A - 314 heat-resistant steel wire and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
314 heat-resistant steel wire and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111172454A CN111172454A CN201911414429.4A CN201911414429A CN111172454A CN 111172454 A CN111172454 A CN 111172454A CN 201911414429 A CN201911414429 A CN 201911414429A CN 111172454 A CN111172454 A CN 111172454A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Abstract
The invention provides a 314 heat-resistant steel wire and a preparation method thereof, wherein the 314 heat-resistant steel wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of C, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 2.0 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of S, 23 to 25 percent of Cr, 19.0 to 20.0 percent of Ni, 0.15 percent of Mo, 0.20 percent of Co, 0.15 percent of Al and the balance of Fe; the microelements including rare earth 0.3%, Ni-Mg 0.05% and yttrium alloy 0.04% are added into each 1 ton furnace. According to the invention, through reasonable proportioning of the elements, the high temperature corrosion resistance, the hardness and other properties of the steel wire are ensured, meanwhile, the toughness and the plasticity of the 314 steel wire are improved, the mixed fracture of the 314 stainless steel mainly comprising brittle fracture is effectively improved, and the service life of the 314 stainless steel is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat-resistant steel wire, in particular to a 314 heat-resistant steel wire and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The 314 heat-resistant steel wire is common austenitic stainless steel, the steel grade of the 314 heat-resistant steel wire is 1Cr25, the 314 heat-resistant steel wire has higher high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance, is sensitive to sulfur-containing atmosphere, has the embrittlement tendency of precipitated phases at 600-800 ℃, and is suitable for manufacturing various furnace components bearing stress. The life of the 314 heat resistant steel wires commonly used today is often affected by breakage.
The fracture of the 314 stainless steel belongs to a mixed fracture mainly comprising brittle fracture, and for the 314 stainless steel, compared with other stainless steels such as 304 and the like, the carbon content is higher, and the carbon is interstitial atoms, while if the carbon content is more, the austenitic stainless steel can form a series of complex carbides with chromium while obviously improving the strength of the stainless steel through solid solution strengthening, so that the local chromium depletion is caused, and the corrosion resistance, particularly the intergranular corrosion resistance of the steel is reduced; in addition, the elongation is sharply reduced due to the excessive pass deformation rate, dislocation movement is hindered, and finally the steel wire is not required to be in plasticity, so that the steel wire is broken. In addition, because nonmetallic inclusions with certain size and quantity exist in the 314 stainless steel sample, and holes are preferentially nucleated near the inclusions, microcracks exist on a plurality of cleavage steps on the fracture, and brittle fracture can be induced after the microcracks grow up and are connected quickly after nucleation. There is therefore a need for a 314 heat resistant steel wire which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages to extend its service life.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a 314 heat-resistant steel wire and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a314 heat-resistant steel wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of C, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 2.0 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of S, 23 to 25 percent of Cr, 19.0 to 20.0 percent of Ni, 0.15 percent of Mo, 0.20 percent of Co, 0.15 percent of Al and the balance of Fe; the microelements including rare earth 0.3%, Ni-Mg 0.05% and yttrium alloy 0.04% are added into each 1 ton furnace.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.055% of C, 2.0% of Si, 0.85% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, 23.6% of Cr, 19.15% of Ni, 0.15% of Mo, 0.20% of Co, 0.15% of Al and the balance of Fe; the trace elements including rare earth 0.3%, Ni, Mg 0.05% and Y alloy 0.04% are added into each 1 ton furnace.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.050% of C, 2.0% of Si, 0.85% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, 23.6% of Cr, 19.15% of Ni, 0.15% of Mo, 0.20% of Co, 0.15% of Al and the balance of Fe; the trace elements including rare earth 0.3%, Ni, Mg 0.05% and Y alloy 0.04% are added into each 1 ton furnace.
Preferably, Cu in the heat-resistant steel wire is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
A method of making 314 a heat resistant steel wire according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the steps of:
step 1, raw material preparation, namely selecting raw materials, cleaning the surfaces of the raw materials, baking and drying the surfaces of the raw materials;
2, intermediate frequency smelting, namely vacuum intermediate frequency smelting, adding about 4% of calcium silicon for deoxidation, keeping the refining temperature at 1520-1540 ℃, refining time more than 45 minutes, keeping white slag for 30 minutes, keeping the tapping temperature at 1540-1560 ℃, Ni-Mg1.5kg/ton, adding 0.3% of rare earth, cleaning a furnace platform for tapping, baking a steel ladle to be dark red, casting after the steel ladle is calmed for 40 seconds after argon blowing, and casting 250kg of electrode;
step 3, cogging hot rolling, wherein the hot rolling heating temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 45 minutes, the cogging temperature is more than or equal to 1150 ℃, and the finishing temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃;
step 4, cold drawing, acid whitening after alkaline leaching of the wire rod, ash hanging, drying and cold drawing, wherein the drawing reference of the steel wire is phi 5.5 → 4.5 → 4.0 → 3.5 → 3.2-3.0;
and 5, inspecting the finished product, packaging and warehousing.
Preferably, the rare earth in the step 2 is added into the intermediate frequency furnace 3-5 minutes before tapping.
Preferably, the rod in step 4 is not peracid-free after mercerization.
The heat-resistant 314 steel wire of the present invention has the following elements:
(1) the function of Cr: cr forms a chromium-rich oxide film on the surface of steel, thereby imparting excellent corrosion resistance and rust resistance to steel. With the increase of the chromium content in the steel, the corrosion resistance of the steel is gradually improved, Cr carbide can be formed in the aging process, and the strength of the stainless steel is improved. However, an excessive Cr content greatly reduces the austenite region in the phase diagram due to its strong formation and ferrite stabilizing action, and causes a phenomenon in which the strength is suddenly reduced due to the presence of an excessive amount of ferrite in the structure after quenching, and also greatly adversely affects the thermoplasticity thereof.
(2) Ni can not only strongly form and stabilize austenite structure and enlarge austenite phase region, but also has important effect on improving corrosion potential and passivation capability of stainless steel, Ni can improve plasticity and toughness of martensitic stainless steel, and can form second phase strengthening particles of eta-NizT 1, β -NiAI and the like, but attention is paid to that the content of Ni is not excessive so as to avoid reduction of material strength, the content of Cr is 23-25%, the content of Ni is 19.0-20.0%, the content of Cr is more, and Ni with proper proportion is used for stabilizing austenite structure.
(3) The function of Co: although the Mo-containing stainless steel is dissolved in a matrix, the Mo-containing stainless steel does not form second phase particles to precipitate and separate out, on one hand, the Mo-containing stainless steel generates a synergistic effect with molybdenum or titanium and the like, reduces the solubility of Mo and promotes the separation of the Mo-containing second phase particles, and on the other hand, the Mo-containing stainless steel can also be endowed with red hardness, so that the stainless steel has the capabilities of resisting high-temperature oxidation and corrosion.
(4) The function of Mo: the Mo element can form Ni3Mo intermetallic compound to play the strengthening role. Meanwhile, Mo is also a corrosion-resistant element and plays a certain corrosion-resistant role. In addition, Mo can also reduce the diffusion coefficient of Ni, thereby inhibiting reverse austenite from precipitating at grain boundaries or inhibiting Ni from diffusing to original austenite grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries to cause the formation of adjacent areas of Ni-poor bands, thereby changing the ductile-brittle transition behavior of steel.
(5) The function of Cu: cu is a weak austenite forming element, and a certain amount of copper is added into the maraging stainless steel, so that the maraging stainless steel not only can play a strengthening role by precipitating Cu-rich second phase particles, but also can improve the atmospheric corrosion resistance and the acid corrosion resistance of the steel. However, excessive copper reduces the hot workability of the steel, and causes high-temperature copper embrittlement. Therefore, the Cu content is controlled to be less than 0.15% in the invention.
According to the invention, through reasonable proportioning of the elements, the high temperature corrosion resistance, the hardness and other properties of the steel wire are ensured, meanwhile, the toughness and the plasticity of the 314 steel wire are improved, the mixed fracture of the 314 stainless steel mainly comprising brittle fracture is effectively improved, and the service life of the 314 stainless steel is prolonged. In addition, the process of the invention adopts vacuum intermediate frequency smelting, and the content of harmful elements and inclusions in steel is better controlled. The drawing reference phi of the steel wire is 5.5 → 4.5 → 4.0 → 3.5 → 3.2-3.0, which improves the problem that the elongation rate is sharply reduced due to the excessive pass deformation rate, the dislocation movement is hindered, and finally the plasticity of the steel wire is not required, so that the steel wire is broken.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the objects, structures, features and functions of the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail.
Example 1
The 314 heat-resistant steel wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.055% of C, 2.2% of Si, 1.2% of Mn1.2%, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, 24% of Cr, 19.5% of Ni, 0.15% of Mo, 0.20% of Co, 0.15% of Al and the balance of Fe; cu is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the microelements comprising 0.3 percent of rare earth, 0.05 percent of Ni-Mg and 0.04 percent of yttrium alloy are added into each 1 ton of furnace.
Example 2
The 314 heat-resistant steel wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.055% of C, 2.0% of Si, 0.85% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, 23.6% of Cr, 19.15% of Ni, 0.15% of Mo, 0.20% of Co, 0.15% of Al and the balance of Fe; cu is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the microelements comprising 0.3 percent of rare earth, 0.05 percent of nickel magnesium and 0.04 percent of yttrium alloy are added into each 1 ton of furnace.
Example 3
The 314 heat-resistant steel wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.050% of C, 2.0% of Si, 0.85% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, 23.6% of Cr, 19.15% of Ni, 0.15% of Mo, 0.20% of Co, 0.15% of Al and the balance of Fe; cu is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the microelements comprising 0.3 percent of rare earth, 0.05 percent of nickel magnesium and 0.04 percent of yttrium alloy are added into each 1 ton of furnace.
A method of making 314 a heat resistant steel wire according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the steps of:
step 1, raw material preparation, namely selecting raw materials, cleaning the surfaces of the raw materials, baking and drying the surfaces of the raw materials;
2, smelting in an intermediate frequency furnace, adding about 4% of calcium silicon into the intermediate frequency furnace for deoxidation, wherein the refining temperature is 1520-1540 ℃, the refining time is more than 45 minutes, white slag is kept for 30 minutes, the tapping temperature is 1540-1560 ℃, Ni-Mg1.5kg/ton, 0.3% of rare earth is added, the tapping cleans a furnace platform, a steel ladle is baked dark red, the steel ladle is cast after being calmed for 40 seconds after argon blowing, and 250kg of electrodes are cast;
step 3, cogging hot rolling, keeping the hot rolling heating temperature at 1150-1200 ℃, keeping the temperature for 45 minutes, keeping the initial rolling temperature at more than or equal to 1150 ℃, keeping the final rolling temperature at more than or equal to 950 ℃, and cooling in air;
step 4, cold drawing, acid whitening after alkaline leaching of the wire rod, ash hanging, drying and cold drawing, wherein the drawing reference of the steel wire is phi 5.5 → 4.5 → 4.0 → 3.5 → 3.2-3.0;
and 5, inspecting the finished product, packaging and warehousing.
Preferably, the rare earth in the step 2 is added into the intermediate frequency furnace 3-5 minutes before tapping.
Preferably, the rod in step 4 is not peracid-free after mercerization.
The double vacuum smelting technology of vacuum induction smelting technology and vacuum arc remelting technology is adopted, so that the content of harmful elements and inclusions in steel is better controlled. The Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM) technology utilizes the eddy current generated in the electromagnetic induction process to melt metal under vacuum condition to achieve the purpose of melting metal. This technique can be used to refine high purity metals and alloys due to its high sealing properties. Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) is a technique that under vacuum conditions, an arc is used as a heat source to rapidly melt a metal electrode under the action of high temperature, and the metal electrode is solidified again in a condenser, so that the aims of purifying the metal and improving the structure of the metal electrode are fulfilled.
After the performance tests of the three embodiments of the 314 heat-resistant steel wire disclosed by the invention, the tensile strength (Rm) is greater than 1140MPa, the elongation after fracture is greater than 12.3%, the Vickers Hardness (HV) is greater than 550, and the melting point is higher than 1120 ℃.
According to the invention, through reasonable proportioning of the elements, the high-temperature corrosion resistance, the hardness and other properties of the steel wire are ensured, the toughness and the plasticity of the 314 steel wire are improved, the mixed fracture mainly comprising brittle fracture of the 314 stainless steel is effectively improved, and the service life of the steel wire is prolonged. In addition, the process of the invention adopts vacuum intermediate frequency smelting, and the content of harmful elements and inclusions in steel is better controlled. The drawing reference phi of the steel wire is 5.5 → 4.5 → 4.0 → 3.5 → 3.2-3.0, which improves the problem that the elongation rate is sharply reduced due to the excessive pass deformation rate, the dislocation movement is hindered, and finally the plasticity of the steel wire is not required, so that the steel wire is broken.
The present invention has been described in relation to the above embodiments, which are only exemplary of the implementation of the present invention. It should be noted that the disclosed embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. Rather, it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the spirit and scope of this invention.
Claims (7)
1. A314 heat-resistant steel wire is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of C, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 2.0 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of S, 23 to 25 percent of Cr, 19.0 to 20.0 percent of Ni, 0.15 percent of Mo, 0.20 percent of Co, 0.15 percent of Al and the balance of Fe; the microelements including rare earth 0.3%, Ni-Mg 0.05% and yttrium alloy 0.04% are added into each 1 ton furnace.
2. The 314 heat-resistant steel wire as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.055% of C, 2.0% of Si, 0.85% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, 23.6% of Cr, 19.15% of Ni, 0.15% of Mo, 0.20% of Co, 0.15% of Al and the balance of Fe; the microelements including rare earth 0.3%, Ni-Mg 0.05% and yttrium alloy 0.04% are added into each 1 ton furnace.
3. The 314 heat-resistant steel wire as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.050% of C, 2.0% of Si, 0.85% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, 23.6% of Cr, 19.15% of Ni, 0.15% of Mo, 0.20% of Co, 0.15% of Al and the balance of Fe; the microelements including rare earth 0.3%, Ni-Mg 0.05% and yttrium alloy 0.04% are added into each 1 ton furnace.
4. The 314 heat-resistant steel wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein Cu in said heat-resistant steel wire is 0.15% or less.
5. A method of producing 314 heat resistant steel wire according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step 1, raw material preparation, namely selecting raw materials, cleaning the surfaces of the raw materials, baking and drying the surfaces of the raw materials;
2, intermediate frequency smelting, namely vacuum intermediate frequency smelting, adding about 4% of calcium silicon for deoxidation, keeping the refining temperature at 1520-1540 ℃, refining time more than 45 minutes, keeping white slag for 30 minutes, keeping the tapping temperature at 1540-1560 ℃, Ni-Mg1.5kg/ton, adding 0.3% of rare earth, cleaning a furnace platform for tapping, baking a steel ladle to be dark red, casting after the steel ladle is calmed for 40 seconds after argon blowing, and casting 250kg of electrode;
step 3, cogging hot rolling, wherein the hot rolling heating temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 45 minutes, the cogging temperature is more than or equal to 1150 ℃, and the finishing temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃;
step 4, cold drawing, acid whitening after alkaline leaching of the wire rod, ash hanging, drying and cold drawing, wherein the drawing reference of the steel wire is phi 5.5 → 4.5 → 4.0 → 3.5 → 3.2-3.0;
and 5, inspecting the finished product, packaging and warehousing.
6. The method of preparing 314 heat-resistant steel wire as set forth in claim 5, wherein: in the step 2, the rare earth is added into the intermediate frequency furnace 3-5 minutes before tapping.
7. The method of preparing 314 heat-resistant steel wire as set forth in claim 5, wherein: in step 4, the wire rod cannot be peracid-treated after being subjected to alkali leaching.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115896647A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-04-04 | 江苏新华合金有限公司 | Manufacturing process method of heat-resistant steel seamless pipe blank material for atmosphere protection annealing furnace |
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Application publication date: 20200519 |